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:: The Vikings of Bjornstad ::
Viking Ship Terms
Old Norse to English

The Viking Age was marked by ships of Scandinavian design appearing without warning in waters from Byzantium to North America.  The terms in the dictionary below would have been well known to the Norse who sailed those ships.

Old Norse English
akkeri anchor
ak-taug halyard
aktaumr brace
(Continued below the diagrams)


(Used with the kind permission of the Viking Ship Museum, Roskilde)


(Used with the kind permission of Jørn Olav Løset, http://home.online.no/~joeolavl/viking/norse-shipbuilding.htm)

 

Old Norse English
áss beam, timber; ship
at-laga lay alongside for attack
bátr ship's boat
beitiáss spar (tacking spar), sailyard
berling ground beam for tent
bite beam
bóglína bowline
borð strake, hull plank
byrding ship used for coastal trading
dragreip halyard
eik oak; tree; ship
farmaðr sailor
færing four-oared boat
femkeiping boat with five or ten rowers plus a helmsman
ferja ship used for fishing and trading
firkeiping boat with four or eight rowers plus a helmsman
fjöl? deck planking?
gjalfrmarr ship; steed of the sea
gyrðingr buntline
habora oar-hole
haf sea (the sea)
hala haul
hals tack
halsa clew up
háseti oarsman
hástokkr? gunwale?
hefill clew line
hjölm tiller
hlunnr and hlummr oar handle
hnekkja? lowering or let out sail
höfuðbenda shroud
húfr hull
innviðr rib
jarnsaumr iron nail
karfi middle-sized cargo and troop ship
keipr boat (small boat), canoe; oarlock
kjǫl-bord garboard strake (attached to the keel)
kjóll ship
kjǫlr keel
knattarbarki (nail-)studded ship
knarr cargo ship
kne knee (internal structural support)
knörr (knarrar) cargo ship
langskip warship
leiðangr naval forces; ship
liggja lie at anchor
lík-sproti spar for bracing sail
lypting high decked part of stern
nygla drain plug
rá-lík sail (vertical leech of sail)
rif reef
rípr gunwhale
rove (rivet "washer")
röng frame of ship's hull
rúm hold or compartment in hold
saumr iron rivet
segl sail
sess rower's seat
seksring six-oared boat
si caulking
siga sink (v)
sigla sail (v)
sigling sailing
siglura yard
siglutré mast
sjór sea
skaut sheet
skeid warship
skip ship, boat
skipflak wreck
skipsbrot shipwreck
skjaut sheet
skor scarf (overlap along the length of the strakes)
skúta boat, small ship
snældr beam stanchion
snekke small warship
stag stay
stoeðingr brace
strengr rope
stýra (ð) steer (v)
stýri rudder, helm
stýrismaðr steersman
suða (vertical) overlap of strakes
tjaldáss? tentpole (debated)
trerøring boat with three pairs of oars
trésaumr treenail
þili/þilja deck planking, deck
þopta rowing bench, thwart
úfr splint, sail pin (later luff)
viðu-hús turret
vindáss windlass

Sources:
  • A. Richard Diebold Center for Indo-European Language and Culture, Linguistics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Old Norse Online Base Form Dictionary, Jonathan Slocum and Todd B. Krause, http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/eieol/norol-BF.html
  • E.V. Gordon, An Introduction to Old Norse
  • Ross G. Arthur, English-Old Norse Dictionary, www.yorku.ca/inpar/language/English-Old_Norse.pdf
  • Birthe L. Clausen, ed., Viking Voyages to North America, The Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde, Denmark, 1993
  • Regia Anglorum: Mik Lawson: miklawson@yahoo.co.uk, http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/8/sayers.html
  • The Society for Creative Anachronism: http://www.housebarra.com/EP/ep04/12norsecurse.html
  ©  2011 For information contact Jack Garrett at garrett@pacbell.net