- For notes on the content, structure and navigation of the dictionary (recommended) click here.
- To use the English to Old Norse version, click here or on any of the English letters in the Link Bars below.
- For Viking ship terms, click here.
- For Viking runes, click here.
- For more information on the Old Norse language and runes, see the Viking Language Book Series by Jesse L. Byock here.
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| a | not |
| á | onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) |
| á | river (f) |
| á brott | away (adv) |
| á flot | afloat |
| áæggia | urge on (v) |
| á-brandr | gold, 'river-fire' (m) |
| ábyrgð | liability (f) |
| Aðalraðr konungr | Æthelred (personal name), King Æthelred II (the unready), b. c. 966 AD – d. 1016 AD (m) |
| Aðalsteinn | Athalstan (personal name), king of England, b. 895 AD - d. 939 AD (m) |
| Adam | Adam (personal name) |
| áðr | before; already; first; until (adv) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| æ | alas! |
| æ, ē (‡) | ever, always; forever (adv) |
| ædle (‡) | origin, extraction (n) |
| æðra | fear; despair, despondency; words or sounds of despair (f) |
| æfter (‡) | after (prep) |
| áeggjun | egging on, urging (f) |
| ægir | sea; Óðins æ - poetry, poem (m) |
| æja | graze; rest (v) |
| æn (‡) | but, and (conj) |
| æpte(r) (‡) | after (prep); afterwards (adv) |
| æptedøme (‡) | example (n) |
| ær (‡) | who (pron) |
| Æsir | Æsir, one of the two major groups of gods (m pl) |
| æsta | request, ask for (v) |
| ætla | expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) |
| ætlan | intent (f) |
| æt-lēpæ (‡) | adopt (v) |
| ætlun | estimate, opinion (f) |
| ætt | direction, point of compass, region; family, line, lineage, stock, tribe, descent, race; ancestry; í æ Vǫlsunga - like the race of the Volsungs (f) |
| ættaðr | descended; hvar hann var æ - what was his origin (v) |
| ættangr | family calamity or misfortune (m) |
| ættar-tala | genealogy (f) |
| ætt-leifð | patrimony (f) |
| æva | never; not at all |
| ævi | life; age, time; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) |
| æztr | highest |
| af | from, out of; with; concerning; because of (prep) |
| af hafi | foreign, from abroad |
| af því at | because, for |
| áfakliga | exceedingly |
| afar | extremely (adv) |
| afarmenni | big or strong man (n) |
| afbragð | outstanding example; afbragð þeira manna allra - the most outanding of all those men (n) |
| afbrigði | deviation, transgression, offense (n) |
| af-hús | room at the side (n) |
| afklæða | undress (v) |
| afl | hearth, fireplace or chimney of a forge |
| afl | strength; physical strength, might, power; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) |
| aflæ | beget (v) |
| afli | power, aid (m) |
| afl-raun | trial of strength (f) |
| afráð | payment, tribute; heavy penalty or toll |
| afreksmaðr | outstanding or exceptional man (m) |
| afroð | loss; gjalda afroð - suffer loss (n) |
| afrœkjask (kt) | neglect |
| af-skipta | cut off from inheritance (adj) |
| afskræmi-liga | hideously (adv) |
| ágæti | celebration, glory; gøra at ágætum - give great praise to (n); glorious deeds (n pl) |
| ágætliga | honorably (adv) |
| ágætr | excellent; famous (adj) |
| ágirni | greed (f) |
| áhyggja | care, anxiety (f) |
| ái | great-grandfather (m) |
| aka | drive (v) |
| ákafamaðr | an aggressive man (m) |
| ákafi | heat; vehemence (m) |
| ákafliga | exceedingly, very, vehemently, impetuously (adv) |
| ákafr | fierce, vehement (adj) |
| ákaft | greatly |
| akarn | acorn (n) |
| akkeri | anchor (n) |
| akr | field, crop |
| ak-taug | halyard (ship/sailing term) |
| aktaumr | brace (ship/sailing term) |
| ál | leather strap (f) |
| ala | bear, give birth to; bring up, raise (children); feed (v) |
| albryniaðr | mailed, all clad in mail, in a byrnie |
| al-búinn | quite prepared |
| al-byggðr | completely settled |
| ald | age, generation (f) |
| aldartal | age, count of time |
| aldinn | old, aged (adj) |
| aldør-döm (‡) | old-age (m) |
| aldr | age; lifetime; old age; long period of time; vera við aldr - be well on in years (m) |
| aldregi | never |
| aldri | never |
| aldrnari | fire, the nourisher of life (m) |
| a-lengðar | for the future |
| álfheimr | Álfheim, World of the Elves (m) |
| Alföðr | All-Father, i.e., Odin |
| álfr | elf (m) |
| Álfr | Alf (personal name), Elf |
| al-grár | all gray |
| alheimskr | completely foolish (adj) |
| alicarl | fatso, fat churl |
| á-liðinn | far-spent; at áliðnum degi - at the end of the day |
| alin | Old Icelandic ell (about half a yard); unit of value, typically of woolen cloth |
| alit | appearance, feature, aspect (n) |
| allfrægr | very famous(adj) |
| allfriðr | very beautiful (adj) |
| all-góðr | very good |
| allharðr | severe, violent (adj) |
| alllítill | very little (adj) |
| allmikill | very great (adj) |
| all-ógurligr | most terrible (adj) |
| allr | all, whole; every; entire (adj pron) |
| all-reiðr | very angry (adj) |
| all-sannr | quite true (adj) |
| all-sterkr | very strong (adj) |
| allstórum | enormously (adv) |
| allt | completely, entirely; everywhere; allt til Orneykja - all the way to the Orkney islands; alt til þess - right up to that point; allt upp undir right up under |
| allvaldr | sovereign ruler (m) |
| allvegliga | splendidly |
| all-vel | very well |
| almætr | said by all |
| almannavegr | main road, route normally followed (m) |
| almáttigr | almighty |
| almenniligr | universal |
| almenningr | full levy of men (m) |
| al-mög(h)e (‡) | people, commons (m) |
| almosa | alms-giving (f) |
| almr | bow; elm (m) |
| álög | dues or taxes (n pl) |
| álpt | swan (f) |
| Alrekr | Alrek (personal name) |
| alsekr | full outlaw (m) |
| alsnotr | very wise, sagacious, wise (of a woman) (adj) |
| alsvartr | pure black (adj) |
| Alþiófr | Althjof, Great-thief |
| alþyða | people (all the people), the majority of the people, the public, the common people (f) |
| alvæpni | armed (fully); a complete equipment of arms |
| ámæli | blame, reproach (m) |
| ámælissamr | shameful |
| ámáttr | terrible, loathsome |
| ámáttugr | powerful (tremendously or overwhelmingly); fearsome; loathesome |
| ambátt | handmaid, maidservant; bondwoman (f) |
| ambótt | bondwoman (f) |
| amma | grandmother (f) |
| án | without (prep) |
| Án | An (personal name) |
| Ánarr | Anar |
| andask | die (v) |
| anddyri | vestibule of hall (n) |
| andi | spirit, breath (m) |
| andlát | death (n) |
| andlit | face (n) |
| andskoti | enemy, adversary (m) |
| andvarða | commit (v) |
| angan | delight, joy |
| Angantýr | Angantyr (personal name) |
| angr | grief, sorrow (m) |
| angra | distress; distinguish (v) |
| annarr | another, other; second, next; one (of two) (adj pron) |
| annarr hvárr | one or another; either |
| annask | take care of (v) |
| annt | eager, anxious (adj) |
| anzuara (aþ) (‡) | answer (v) |
| aptann | evening, the separation of day from night (m) |
| aptr | back; aft; again; vara atir - remain behind (adv) |
| aptrgǫngu-maðr | one who walks after death (m) |
| ár | early, in the early morning; of yore, long ago (n) |
| ár | year; (good) season (n) |
| áræði | courage, daring (n) |
| árangr | season (m) |
| áreið | cavalry charge |
| arf | inheritance (n) |
| arfa-sáta | heap of chickweed (f) |
| árferð | season, harvest (f) |
| arfi | heir (m) |
| arfr | inheritance (m) |
| argr | cowardly, womanish, effeminate, (passively) homosexual (adj) |
| ari | eagle (m) |
| Arinbjǫrn | Arinbjorn (personal name) |
| ármaðr | steward (m) |
| armr | poor, unfortunate, unhappy; vile, wretched, wicked (adj) |
| armr | arm (m) |
| Arngrímr | Arngrim (personal name) |
| ár-óss | mouth of a river (m) |
| arr | unwary (adj) |
| ársæll | fortunate as to the seasonal harvest; allra konunga ársælstr - of all kings the most harvest-fortunate (adj) |
| árvænn | promising a good seaonal harvest (adj) |
| arwæ (‡) | heir (m) |
| ásamt | together (adj) |
| Ásbrú | another name for Bifröst (f) |
| Ásgarðr | Asgard, the residence or fortress of the gods (m) |
| ásjá | help, aid, protection; inspection; appearance, shape (f) |
| aska | ashes (f) |
| askr | ash, ash tree; ash spear; small ship; the great ash tree Yggdrasill (m) |
| ás-meginn | divine strength (n) |
| áss | god (m); Æsir - one of the two major groups of gods (m pl) |
| áss | beam, timber, pole; ship |
| ást | love, affection (f) |
| ástir | love, affection (f pl) |
| ástugr | loving, benevolent (adj) |
| ásuauðr | ewe (m) |
| ásynja | goddess (f) |
| at | not |
| at | that (conj) |
| at | at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) |
| at því er | how; as |
| atall | fierce, aggressive, terrible (adj) |
| atburðr | occurrence, event; af þessum atburði because of this incident (m) |
| atdráttr | provisions; supplies |
| atferð | behavior; energy (f) |
| atferli | proceeding (n) |
| atganga | attack, assault; violence (f) |
| atgeirr | thrusting-spear (m) |
| atgervi | man of accomplishments (m) |
| atgørvi | ability, talent, accomplishment; at atgørvi in ability (esp physical) (f and n) |
| atgørvimaðr | man of accomplishments (m) |
| átján | eighteen (num) |
| atkváma | arrival (f) |
| atlaga | alongside (laying of ships alongside for attack), attack (f) |
| atmælasamr | fault-finding |
| atrið | movement; hafa alt eitt atrið - do two things in one swift movement, all at once (n) |
| atróðr | rowing towards, rowing against (m) |
| átrunaðr | belief (m) |
| atseta | residence, royal residence (f) |
| átta | eight (num) |
| áttján | eighteen (num) |
| áttjándi | eighteenth (ord num) |
| áttrœðr | eighty years old |
| auðigr | rich, wealthy; auðigr at fé - very wealthy (adj) |
| auðit | fated (v) |
| auðna (að) | fateful, (impers.) fall out by fate |
| auðœfi | wealth, possessions (f) |
| auðr | treasure, wealth, riches; precious objects |
| auðsénn | evident, easily seen |
| auðsýnn, auðsynn | evident, clear |
| auga | eye (n) |
| augabragð | wink, sidelong glance |
| auk | aside from (prep) |
| auka | increase, augment; add; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) |
| auki | increase; fœrask í aukana - exert the utmost of one's strength (m) |
| aurr | mud (m) |
| aurvangar | fields (muddy or damp) |
| Aurvangr | Aurvang (place name), Mudfield |
| ausa | pour; sprinkle; ladle; water; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) |
| austan | from the east; east (of); bearing to the east (adv) |
| austmaðr | Easterner, Norwegian |
| austr | east (n); eastward (adv) |
| austrför | travels to the east (f) |
| Austri | East |
| Austrlönd | the eastern lands; eastern Europe; Russia and the Orient (n pl) |
| austrvegr | the east; the Baltic Lands (m) |
| auvirði | worthless wretch (m) |
| auvirðis-maðr | worthless wretch (m) |
| ávalt | always |
| ávant | lacking; er ávant - is wanted, needed; þykkir mér á - I think I lack (adj) |
| ávǫxtr | increase, growth (m) |
| awnd (‡) | hatred, envy (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| bacraut | asshole |
| báðir | both (adj) |
| baðmr | tree (m) |
| bæði | both, in; bæði … ok - both … and (conj) |
| bæði | also, as well (adv) |
| bær | house |
| bæsingær (‡) | small hill (m) |
| bagall | crozier, episcopal staff |
| baggi | bag (m) |
| bak | back (n) |
| baka | bake (v) |
| bak-borði | port side, 'back-side' (ship/sailing term) |
| bakki | bank (m) |
| bál | fire (n) |
| bálkr | wall, partition (m) |
| bamba | drum (f) |
| bana (að) | kill (v) |
| banahǫgg | death-blow (n) |
| banamaðr | killer, executioner, slayer (m) |
| banasár | fatal wound, mortal wound, death (n) |
| band | band, cord, bond, bind, fetter; the act of binding; (pl) bands, fetters |
| bani | death; bane, cause of death, slayer (m) |
| bann | prohibition, ban (n) |
| banna (að) | ban, forbid, prohibit (v) |
| bardagi | fight, battle; beating, thrashing (m) |
| barn | child (n) |
| barnœska | childhood (f) |
| barr | foliage, often needles (of pine, etc.) (n) |
| Barreyjar | the Barra Isles (f pl) |
| barsmið | fight, assault (f) |
| bati | advantage (m) |
| batna | improve; batnar - one recovers (v) |
| bátr | boat (ship's boat) |
| baugr | ring, bracelet, armlet; coil (m) |
| baug-set | arm, 'ring seat' (n) |
| baug-skati | ring-giving prince (m) |
| baulufotr | foot of a cow |
| bautarsteinn | stone (memorial stone) |
| Bávǫrr | Bavor |
| beðr | bed (m) |
| beiða | ask, beg; ask for, request on one's own behalf (v) |
| bein | bone; ivory (n) |
| beina | assist (v) |
| beinahrúga | bones (heap), bone-pile (f) |
| beini | help, benefit (m) |
| beiskaldi | gripe, bitch |
| beiskr | bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful, sore (adj) |
| beita | sail near the wind, beat |
| beitiáss | sailyard, spar (tacking spar) (ship/sailing term) |
| beiting | grazing, pasturage (f) |
| beizl | bridle (n) |
| bekkr | bench (m) |
| bekk-þili | boards of the benches, benches (n) |
| belgr | pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag, bellows, bag (m) |
| bella | hit, hurt, dare; venture; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) |
| belti | belt (n) |
| ben | wound (mortal) (f) |
| bengrefill | wound-engraver (m) |
| ben-már | raven, 'wound-grouse', 'wound-mew' (m) |
| bera | bear, bring, carry; wear; give birth to; overcome; endure; bear (witness); bera saman - collect; compare; bera ørendi sin (upp) fyrir - plead one's case before; tell one's errand (v) |
| berg-risi | hill-giant (m) |
| berja (barði, bariðr) | strike, beat smite, beat; berjask - fight (v) |
| berling | beam (ground beam for tent) |
| berr | naked, bare; unsheathed (of a sword) (adj) |
| berserkr | berserker (m) |
| berserksgangr | fury of a berserker, going berserk (m) |
| betr | better; more (adv) |
| betri | better (adj) |
| beygja | affliction (f) |
| beygja | bend, arch (v) |
| beysta | bruise, beat (v) |
| beytill | horse-prick (m) |
| bezt | best (adv) |
| beztr | best (adj) |
| biæuær (‡) | beaver (m) |
| biæuær-thræl (‡) | beaver that is thrall (m) |
| biða (að) | await, wait for, remain, abide; suffer, undergo (v) |
| biðja | ask, beg, command, tell, pray; bid; ask for; ask for a woman in marriage on behalf of another; biðjum - I ask for myself; biðja gera - command to be made (v) |
| bifask (ð, að) | shake, tremble, quake, move, be moved; march (v) |
| Bifröst | Bifrost, the rainbow bridge that connects Miðgarðr and Ásgarðr (f) |
| bikkja | female dog, bitch (f) |
| bil | moment (of time) (n) |
| bila | fail (v) |
| bilstyggr | energetic; quickly moved |
| bilt | startled (adj) |
| binda | dress; bind, tie, fasten; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) |
| biǫð, bjǫð | fields; land (n pl) |
| birgðir | provisions (f pl) |
| birgja | provide (v) |
| birgja | supply (v) |
| birta | display (v) |
| biskup | bishop (m) |
| bita | cut (v) |
| bíta | bite, bite through; rip apart; cut (v) |
| bitr | brave, biting, keen, fierce (adj) |
| Bívǫrr | Bivor (personal name) |
| bjalla | bell (f) |
| bjarg | rock, stone, boulder; cliff; crag; mountain (n) |
| bjarga | save, help (v) |
| bjarkan | birch (n) |
| Bjarnadóttir | Bjorn's daughter (personal name) (f) |
| Bjarnarfjöðr | Bjorn's Fjord (place name) (m) |
| bjarn-báss | pit (for catching bears) (m) |
| bjarn-dýr | bear (n) |
| Bjarni | Bjarni (personal name) (m) |
| bjartr | bright (adj) |
| bjǫð | fields, land(s) (n pl) |
| bjóða | invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; offer, provide; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) |
| bjóðja | challenge (v) |
| bjóðr | giver (m) |
| bjǫrg | means of subsistence (f) |
| bjór-ker | beer-goblet (n) |
| bjǫrn, björn | bear (m) birnir (pl) |
| bjórr | beer; piece of leather (m) |
| Bláinn | Blain (personal name) |
| blakkr | black; dark (adj) |
| bland (‡) | in; í bland (‡) - among (prep) |
| blanda (blett, -að) | blend, mix (v) |
| blandask | have dealings with (v) |
| blár | blue; dark, black (adj) |
| blása | blow; blásinn - bare, stripped by the wind (v) |
| blatqnn | black tooth |
| blautr | soft; soaked, wet (adj) |
| bleikr | white fair |
| blesóttr | marked, having a white mark on the forehead |
| bleyta | soft, swampy patch of ground (f) |
| bliða | friendliness (f) |
| bliðr | happy, pleasant; gracious (adj) |
| blindr | blind (adj) |
| blóð | blood (n) |
| bloðorn | blood-eagle |
| blóð-refill | sword point (m) |
| blóðugr | bloody (adj) |
| blóm | flower |
| blót | sacrifice; heathen (n) |
| blóta | worship; worship with sacrifice; sacrifice, sacrifice in worship; curse (v) |
| blunda | shut the eyes, doze (v) |
| bǫð, boð | feast, festival; summons; battle (n) |
| boða | preach (v) |
| boðorð | commandment |
| bǫð-reifr | rejoicing in battle |
| boðsmaðr | guest (m) |
| Bǫðvarr | Bothvar (personal name) |
| bœgr | shoulder |
| bœn | prayer, request (f) |
| bœr | farmhouse, farmstead; farm, landed estate; town (m) |
| bœta | better, compensate, make compensation, make amends for (v) |
| bœtr | compensations |
| bogastrengr | bow-string (m) |
| bogi | bow (m) |
| bóglína, boglina | bowline (ship/sailing term) |
| bógr | shoulder, shoulder of an animal (m) |
| bók | book (f) |
| bokki | buck, fellow (used as a manner of address); bokki sæll - good fellow, good sire, boss (m) |
| ból | lair (n) |
| bǫl, böl | grief, sorrow, misfortune (n) |
| bö-land (‡) | inhabited land (n) |
| boløx | broad-axe (f) |
| bölvasmiðr | contriver of mischief, misfortune (m) |
| Bǫmburr | Bombur (personal name) |
| bónda-lið | yeoman army (n) |
| bóndason | farmer's son, son of a yeoman, son of a bóndi (m) |
| bóndi | husband; farmer; yeoman, franklin; head of a household (m) |
| borð | board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) |
| borð-meiri | rising higher above the sea |
| borðveggr | wall of boards, wall made of planks |
| borg | castle, fortress, stronghold; town; funeral pyre (f) |
| borgar-górð | building of a stronghold (f) |
| borgar-hlið | gateway of a stronghold (n) |
| borgarmaðr | garrisoned soldier; townsman (m) |
| bor-móðr | bored with a gimlet |
| bót | bettering, cure, remedy; adornment; (pl) compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f) |
| bqllr | ball, glans penis |
| brá | eyelash (f) |
| bráðgörr | matured early in life, precocious (adj) |
| bráðr | sudden, hasty, impatient; hot-tempered; (adj) |
| bráðum | soon, shortly (adv) |
| bragða (að) | move, stir (v) |
| bragþáttr | poetry (m) |
| braka (að) | crack, creak (v) |
| brandr | blade; brand, firewood (piece of) (m) |
| brátt | soon, suddenly; brátt er - as soon as (adv) |
| brattr | steep (adj) |
| brauð | bread (n) |
| brauðgǫrð | bread-making (f) |
| braudnefr | breadnose |
| brauflutning | carrying off (f) |
| braut | road (f); í braut - away (adv) |
| bréf | letter (n) |
| bregða | move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) |
| breiða | spread; stretch; display (v) |
| Breiðablik | Breidablik, the hall of the god Baldr (n) |
| breiðara | more broadly (adv) |
| breið-øx | axe with a long blade (f) |
| breiðr | broad; breiðir steinar - brooches; bíta breiðara - take bigger bites |
| brekka | hillside, slope |
| brenna | burn, be on fire; burning (vi) |
| brenna (d) | burn, light, set on fire; brenna inna - burn (a person) in his house (vt) |
| bresta | burst, break, crash; bresta niðr - crash down; bresta upp - burst forth (v) |
| breyta | act; do (v) |
| brimill | seal (a variety of); brimills vǫllr - sea (the seal's field) (m) |
| Brimir | Brimir, sword; (name of a sword); (name of a giant) |
| brim-sker | rock on which waves break (n) |
| brjóst | breast, chest (n) |
| brjóta | break, break up, break open, break into; destroy; violate; deal out, distribute; exert oneself; brjóta skip - be wrecked (ship); brjóta til rikis - fight for the kingdom; brjóta upp grjót - pull up stones; exert oneself, struggle; brjótask til rikis - fight for the kingdom (v) |
| brodd-flǫtr | shield, 'field of spear-points' (m) |
| broddr | point of the spear, spike (m) |
| bróðir | brother (m) |
| bróðurgjöld | wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead brother (n pl) |
| brœkr | breeches (f pl) |
| brǫkon, brokun | clashing (f) |
| brotna (að) | break, be broken (vi) |
| brott | away, off (adv) |
| brott-hlaup | running away (n) |
| brottkvaðning | dismissal, sending away (f) |
| brottvaðning | dismissal, sending away (f) |
| brú | bridge; causeway built over swampy ground (f) |
| brúð-fé | bridal gift (n) |
| brúðr | bride, young married woman; wife (f) |
| brullaup, bruð-laup | wedding, wedding feast; ganga at brullaupi með - marry (n) |
| brún | eye-brow (f) |
| brúnáss | ridge-beam (m) |
| bruni | fire, heat (m) |
| brúnmóálöttr | brownish-gray with a dark stripe down the back |
| brunn | brown (adj) |
| brunnr | well; spring; burn (m) |
| brusi | goat (he-goat) |
| brut-pæningar | toll paid on departure (m pl) |
| bryggja | gangway; pier; landing-stage; bridge (f) |
| brynja | mail (coat of); chain-mail shirt (f) |
| brynjulauss | mail-less, without mail, unprotected (adj) |
| brýnn | clear; urgent |
| brýtæ (‡) | break, violate (v) |
| bryti | bailiff, steward (m) |
| bú | home, house, household; farming, farm, dwelling; estate; livestock (n) |
| búa | live (in a place), dwell, inhabit, live; prepare, make ready; array, dress; dwell; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) |
| buð | booth, temporary dwelling (f) |
| buðlungr | king, prince (m) |
| búfé | cattle, farm-cattle (n) |
| bughr (‡) | curve; í bugh sklialdr - behind the curved shield (m) |
| búi | dweller, inhabitant; neighbor (m) |
| búinn | ready, prepared (v pp of búa) |
| buna | buna (nickname of uncertain meaning, perhaps 'one with ungartered stockings,' i.e. hanging down his leg) (f) |
| búnaðr | equipment (m) |
| burðr | birth (m) |
| burin(n) | born |
| burlufótr, burlufotr | foot (a clumsy foot) (m) |
| burr | son (m) |
| Burr | Bur, Odin's father |
| Búseyra | Buseyra, a giantess killed by Thor (f) |
| bús-hlutr | farm implements (m pl) |
| bús-hœgindi | help in running a household (n pl) |
| búss | wood (a type of wood) (m) |
| bústaðr | dwelling-place (m) |
| bý | home, house, household; farm; estate (n) |
| bý | bee; unda bý - arrow, 'wound bees' (n) |
| býfluga | bee (f) |
| bygð | abode, dwelling, settlement (f) |
| bygghlaða | barley-barn (f) |
| byggja (gð) | dwell; settle; build; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) |
| byggva | settle; occupy, inhabit (v) |
| bylgja | billow (v) |
| byrdh (‡) | birth (f) |
| byrding | ship; coastal trader |
| byrðr | burden, load (f) |
| byrja | begin (v) |
| byrja (að) | begin; enter upon (v) |
| byrr | fair wind, favorable wind; gaf þeim vel byri - they got a favorable wind (m) |
| bytta | bucket, pail (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| cornband (‡) | prohibition of corn trade (n) |
| cristin-dömer (‡) | Christianity |
| cristna (‡) | baptize (v) |
| cuna (‡) | wife (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| dáð | courage, energy (f) |
| dáð | deed (f) |
| dæll | gentle, easy (to manage) (adj) |
| dæma | judge (v) |
| daga | dawn (v) |
| dagan, dǫgun | daybreak (f) |
| dagmál | day time, a roughly three hour time of the day beginning about 9:00 a.m.; breakfast time (n) |
| dagmála-staðr | position of the sun at dagmál (m) |
| dagr | day, daylight, dawn (m); daylight hours, days, time (m pl); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time |
| dagr-verðr | day-meal, the chief meal, eaten about 9:00 a.m. (m) |
| dagsmark | day-mark, time of day (n) |
| Dáinsleif | Dainsleif, the name of Hógni's sword, Dain's inheritance |
| dálkr | pin (m) |
| dalr | dale, dell, valley (m) |
| Dana-konungr | King of the Danes (m) |
| Danir | Danes (m pl) |
| Danmörk | Denmark (f) |
| Danskr | Danish (adj) |
| danzleikr | dance, dancing-song (m) |
| dāræ (‡) | fool, buffoon (m) |
| darraðr | spear (m) |
| dauðadagr | death-day (m) |
| dauða-maðr | doomed man; vilja hafa at dauðamanni - seek one's life (m) |
| dauði | death; lifs né dauða - neither in life nor in death (m) |
| dauðr | dead, death (adj) |
| daufi | deaf-mute, stupid (adj) |
| daufr | deaf (adj) |
| deila | disagreement, contention (f) |
| deila (d) | divide; distinguish; quarrel, contend; deila við - contend with (v) |
| deild | litigation, quarrel (f) |
| deili | details (pl) |
| dēl (‡) | part (m) |
| detta | drop, fall (v) |
| deyja | die, pass away (v) |
| digr | big, stout; thick; deep (adj) |
| djarfliga | boldly (adv) |
| djarfr | bold, daring (adj) |
| djúpauðigr | deep-minded (adj) |
| djúpr | deep (adj) |
| djúpvitr | deep-witted, resourceful (adj) |
| dødher (‡), døther (‡) | death (m) |
| dœgr, døgr | day, 24 hour span of time (n) |
| dœma | judge; proclaim (v) |
| dofni | dopey |
| dǫgg, dögg | dew (f) |
| dǫglingr | prince (m) |
| dǫgun, dagan | daybreak (f) |
| Døkkálfar | the Dark Elves (m pl) |
| døkkr | dark (adj) |
| dólg, dolg | battle; þrúðr dolga - battle, the valkyrja Hild (n) |
| Dólgþrasir | Dolgthrasir (personal name) |
| dómari | judge (m) |
| dómr | judgment; reputation, fame; court; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) |
| dómr | fame, renown, reputation (m) |
| dómr | judgment (whether favorable or unfavorable) (m) |
| dómstaðr | place where court is held (m) |
| dómstóll | judgment seat (m) |
| dóttir | daughter (f) |
| dótturson | grandson, daughter's son (m) |
| dǫuðar-orð (‡) | death tidings; sæghia dǫuðar-orð - slay one in a fight (n) |
| draga | haul (v) |
| draga | pull, draw, drag, haul; draga seil upp - hoist sail; draga et sér - collect; draga til - compel, induce; draga frá - clear away; draga undan - escape; draga á vetur - feed through the winter (v) |
| dragi | slowpoke |
| dragreip | halyard (ship/sailing term) |
| drakkar | ship; longship, warship |
| dráp | killing, murder (n) |
| drasill | horse (poetic) (m) |
| draugr | ghost, 'undead man'; tree-trunk (m) |
| draumblæti | pride, haughtiness (n) |
| draumr | dream (m) |
| Draupnir | Draupnir, dripper, a gold ring possessed by Odin with the ability to multiply itself |
| dreifa (ð) | spread, scatter; sprinkle; dreifask - be spread out (v) |
| dreki | dragon-ship (m) |
| drekka | drink; drekka af - empty; drekka af horninu inn þriðja drykinn - empty the horn at the third draught (v) |
| drekkja (kt) | drown (dat.) |
| drengiliga | manfully (adv) |
| drengiligr | brave, valiant (adj) |
| drengr | warrior; bold man, gallant fellow (m) |
| drengskapr | nobility, courage (m) |
| drepa | kill, slay; strike, smite; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) |
| dreyma | dream (v) |
| dreyra | bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound) (v) |
| dreyri | blood (m) |
| dreyrugr | blood-stained (adj) |
| drif | throng (v) |
| drifa | drive (vt) |
| drifa | crowd, throng, drift, hurry, rush (vi) |
| drjúgr | substantial, lasting, ample; verða drúgari - be of more avail; drjúgt manna - a good number of men (adj) drjúgjum - greatly (adv) |
| drjúpa | drip (v) |
| dróttinn | lord, leader of the host (m) |
| dróttning | queen (f) |
| droyma (d) (‡) | appear in a dream (v) |
| drúpa | droop (v) |
| drykkja | drinking (f) |
| drykkr | drink, draught (m) |
| drykkyumaðr | drinker (m) |
| dúði | toss (v) |
| dúfa | dove, pigeon (f) |
| duga | help, aid, be useful, be of avail, be of assistance; be safe for; do, show prowess; gott at duga - good (easy) to help; duga verr - come off badly, fare worse (in a contest) (v); suffice (vi) |
| dugr | ability, skill, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) |
| dul | reserve, folly; conceit |
| duna | noise (thunderous noise) (f) |
| duna (að) | resound (v) |
| dunði | resound; whir (v) |
| Durinn | Durin (personal name) |
| Dvalinn | Dvalin (personal name), Delayer |
| dvelja | slow, stop (v) |
| dveljask (dvalðisk) | stay; be delayed (v) |
| dvergr | dwarf; fibula (m) |
| dvǫl | delay (f) |
| dyja (dúði) | shake, toss (v) |
| dylja (dulði) | deceive oneself; keep on in ignorance of; vera dulinn - be unaware of; ganga duliðr - be mistaken; (v) |
| dynja | din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) |
| dýr | wild beast; animal; deer (n) |
| dýra-mergr | marrow of animals (m) |
| dyrð, dyrk | glory (f) |
| dyrr | door, doorway (f pl) |
| dýrr | expensive, dear; precious (adj) |
| dýrs-hjarta | beast's heart (n) |
| dýr-vǫrðr | door-keeper (m) |
| dys | grave, cairn (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| ē (‡) | always; ē oc ē (‡) - forever |
| Eadmundr | Eadmund (personal name) |
| eða | or; and; (introducing a question) but (conj) |
| eðli | nature, characteristic(s) |
| eðr | still |
| ef | if; whether; (to see) if; lest (conj) |
| efja | mud, mire (f) |
| efla | make, perform; support, aid; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) |
| efna | perform, fulfill (v) |
| efna-leysi | poverty, lack of means (n) |
| efni | material; state, condition; reason (n) |
| efniligr | promising (adj) |
| efri | upper, inner; latter; later; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) |
| efst | highest (adv) |
| efstr | uppermost, highest |
| egg | egg (n) |
| egg (also ægg) | edge (f) |
| eggja (að) | incite, goad, egg on, urge, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) |
| eggskurn | egg shell (f) |
| eggþrima | battle; clash of edges (f) |
| eggtog | battle; drawing of the sword (n) |
| egg-tog | battle, drawing of the sword (n) |
| egg-ver | egg-field, sea birds' breeding-ground (n) |
| egiæn | own (adj) |
| Egill | Egil (personal name) |
| Egilsstaðir | Egilstadir (place name) Egil's farmstead (m pl) |
| eiðr | oath (m) |
| eiga | own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) |
| eigi | not (adv) |
| eigi at síðr | nonetheless |
| eign | possessions (f) |
| eigna (að) | attribute, dedicate; take possession of; eignask - get, claim, take, become the owner of |
| eignask (að) | get, possess; gain possession of, get for oneself (v) |
| eigu | possession |
| eigu-t | have not (they have not) |
| eik | oak; tree; ship (f) |
| Eikinskialdi | Eikinskjald (personal name), Oakenshield |
| Eilífr | Eilif (personal name) |
| eimi | smoke, reek (m) |
| Ein-fœtingr | one-footed, uniped (m) |
| einga | only (adj) |
| einhendr | one-handed |
| einheri | great champion (addressing Thor) (m); einherjar - slain warriors who dwell in Valhöll (m pl) |
| ein-hleypingr | vagrant; unmarried man of no fixed abode; landloper (m) |
| einn | one (num) |
| einn | alone; (when placed after the noun it modifies, einn can take on the meaning 'only') (adj) |
| einn | a, an, a certain one, particular; only; einn saman, einn samt - only, alone; einir sér - by themselves, separately; at eins - only; þvi at eins - only on this condition; same; at einu - in the same way; æinn- some one; einna - of all (pron) |
| einnhverr | some, a certain one, any; einn hverr - each, each one; any one (of several); einnhvern dag - one day (adj pron) |
| einráðinn | resolved |
| einvaldi | sole ruler, monarch, sovereign (m) |
| einvaldskonungr | sole ruler (m) |
| einvigi | duel, single combat (n) |
| eir | bronze; copper (n) |
| Eiríkr | Eirik (personal name) |
| Eiriksfjörðr | Eiriksfjord (place name), Eirik's Fjord |
| eista | testicle (n) |
| eitr | poison (n) |
| eitr-ormr | poisonous serpent (m) |
| eittsvat | some, something, a certain one (adj pron) |
| ek | I (pron) |
| ekki | nothing (n pron) |
| ekki | not, by no means (adv) |
| ekkja | widow (f) |
| él | shower, passing storm; hailstorm (n) |
| el(l)ztr (also ellstr) | oldest, eldest (adj) |
| eldask | grow old (v) |
| eldaskáli | fire hall, main hall of a long house where benches used for sitting and sleeping were warmed by a long fire that ran the length of the hall and was used for cooking (m) |
| elding | dawn; last part of the night before dawn (f) |
| eldi-stokkr | blazing brand, firebrand (burning wood) (m) |
| eldi-viðr | firewood (m) |
| eldr | fire (m) |
| elfr | great river (f) |
| Elfráðr inn rikki | Alfred the Great (personal name) (m) |
| elgr | elk; branda elgr - beaked ship (m) |
| eljun | endurance (f) |
| ella | else; or, or else (adv and conj) |
| elli | age; old age (f) |
| ellifu | eleven (num) |
| elligar | otherwise (adv) |
| ellri | older, elder (adj) |
| elska | love, affection (f) |
| elska (að) | love, be fond of; elskask - love one another; elskask at - grow fond of (v) |
| elta | chase, pursue; cast down (v) |
| él-þollr | 'storm tree' (m) |
| elviscr (‡), elvist (‡) | bewitched; enchanted (n) |
| em | am; em-k-a - I am not (v) |
| Embla | Embla (personal name) |
| Emma | Emma (personal name) |
| en | but, and; than; when, if; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) |
| en er | but when (conj) |
| en þó | nevertheless (adv) |
| enda | and; and if; and indeed, moreover; even; even if; and also, and so; and yet (conj) |
| enda | end, bring to an end; endask til - suffice (for) (v) |
| enda-mjór | thin at the end, gera endamjótt við - leave in the lurch |
| endi, endir | end (m) |
| endlangr | the whole length of (adj) |
| endr | again, once more (adv) |
| endrþaga | silence in return, reciprocated silence |
| eng | meadow, pasture land (f) |
| enga-lund | in no way |
| engi | no, none, no one; at engu því - with no such things (pron) |
| engill | angel (m) |
| Engla-konungr | king of the English (Angles); king of England (m) |
| England | England (n) |
| Englar | English (pl.), Angles |
| enn | still; also; yet; further; again; moreover; even (adv) |
| enni | forehead (n) |
| Enskr, Ænskr | English (adj) |
| en-wīgh (‡) | combat (single) |
| eptir | after, behind; for, to obtain; along; according to; after the death of; in succession to; in memory of; eptir landinu - along the coast; after somebody; þar eptir - after it; afterwards; behind; back; vera eptir - remain behind; honum varð eptir - he left behind (unintentionally) (prep) |
| eptir-bátr | boat (small boat towed behind a ship) (m) |
| eptri | farther back; hind |
| epztr also aptasr | farthest back |
| er | who, which, that; when; where; as; redundant; is (conj) |
| ér | you (pron) |
| erendi | errand, mission, result of errand (n) |
| erfa (ð) | inherit; throw a funeral feast; commemorate with a funeral feast (v) |
| erfi | funeral feast (n) |
| erfiði | trouble, effort; toil (n) |
| erfiðr | difficult, troublesome (adj) |
| erfiðr | trouble, difficulty (n) |
| erfingi | heir(m) |
| ergjask | become cowardly (v) |
| erja | plough, scratch; scrape (v) |
| ermr | sleeve (f) |
| ertinga-maðr | one who endure insult (m) |
| eski-askr | warrior, 'spear-ash' (m) |
| eta | eat (v) |
| eta (‡) | food (f) |
| etja | incite; etja vandræðum við mik - set yourself in defiance against me (v) |
| Eva | Eve (personal name) |
| ey | island (f) |
| ey | forever; always; ever |
| ey=eigi | not (adv) |
| eybarmr | island surface (m) |
| eyða (dd) | waste; spend; do away with, destroy; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) |
| eyðidalr | desolate (unpopulated) valley (m) |
| eyðimǫrk | desolate forest land (m) |
| Eyfura | Eyfura (personal name) |
| eygðr | having eyes; eygðr mjǫk - having big eyes |
| eyjarskeggi | island inhabitant (m) |
| eykt | afternoon; snacking time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 3:00 p.m. (f) |
| eyktarstaðr | position of the sun at eykt (m) |
| eyland | island (n) |
| eyna | island (n) |
| eyra | ear (n) |
| eyrir | ounce of silver or gold; eighth part of a mǫrk; (from Latin aureum, aura) (m) |
| eyrr | gravelly riverbank; small spit of land running into the sea; sandbank; shoal; spit (f) |
| eystri | more eastern |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f fœ g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| fá | get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) |
| fá (ð) | color, fashion (runes) (v) |
| faar | sheep (f) |
| faðir | father (m) |
| fæða | give birth to (v) |
| fægir | artist; jǫru fægir - warrior (m) |
| fæla (d) | frighten; (refl.) be frightened (v) |
| færa | hurl (v) |
| færa | less |
| færing | ship, with four oars |
| Fáfnir | Fafnir, a son of Hreidmar who turns himself into a dragon, brother of Regin (m) |
| fagna (að) | glad (to be glad); rejoice at, welcome (v) |
| fagna-fundr | joyful meeting (m) |
| fagr (ran) | beautiful, fair, attractive (adj) |
| fagrliga | beautifully (adv) |
| fálátr | silent, reserved, taciturn (adj) |
| fall | fall (n) |
| falla | fall, fall down; flow; be slain; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) |
| falr | for sale; spent (adj) |
| fá-máligr, fá-málugr | of few words |
| fang | grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest, provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) |
| fangi | prisoner (m) |
| far | track; subject; conduct, deeds; condition (n) |
| fár | few; little; a small number; cold, reserved; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) |
| fár | mischief, malice (n) |
| fara | go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) |
| fararleyfi | leave to depart (n) |
| farar-skjóti | horse; means of conveyance (m) |
| fárbjóðr | destroyer (m) |
| farmaðr | seaman, seafarer, sailor, merchant, trader (m) |
| farmr | cargo (m) |
| farþegi | passenger on a voyage (m) |
| fásénn | rare (adj) |
| fáskiptinn | reserved; not meddlesome (adj) |
| fast | firmly; fast, strongly, hard; certainly (adv) |
| fastr | firm, fast; hard, severe; continuous (adj) |
| fat | bag (n); clothes; bed clothes (n pl) |
| fata-búr (‡) | wardrobe; treasury (n) |
| fathær-banæ (‡) | slayer of one's father (m) |
| fatlaþR (‡) | strapped |
| fátœkð | poverty (f) |
| fátœkr | poor, wretched (adj) |
| fða | feed (v) |
| fé | cattle; sheep; wealth, money; possessions; var hon mjǫk gefin til fjár - she was married to him mainly for his money (n) |
| feðgar | father and son(s) (m pl) |
| feginn | glad, joyful (adj) |
| fegrð | beauty (f) |
| féhirðir | herdsman (m) |
| feigr | doomed, about to die, fated to die; dead (adj) |
| feikinstafir | curses (m pl) |
| feitr | fat (adj) |
| fela | hide, conceal; make over, commend (v) |
| félagi | friend, partner, comrade, companion, fellow (m) |
| félauss | penniless (adj) |
| feldr | cloak (m) |
| félítill | poor (adj) |
| fell | hill, mountain (n) |
| fella | slay, fell; fella heitstrengingar á sik - draw down on one a curse for the breaking of an oath (v) |
| fēm (‡) | five (num) |
| fémætr | valuable (adj) |
| femkeiping | ship, with five pairs of oars, ten rowers plus a helmsman |
| færa | less |
| fémunir | money; valuables (m pl) |
| fen | bog, fen (n) |
| fénaðr | cattle (m) |
| fen-stigi | fens traveler; one who goes in the fens (m) |
| féráns-dómr | court of confiscation (m) |
| ferð | journey; conduct, behavior; dealings (f) |
| ferja | ship, fishing or trading |
| ferma | load; ferma með - load with (v) |
| ferskeyttr | four-cornered (adj) |
| festa (t) | fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; bite, take effect on; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) |
| festr | rope, trap (?) (f) |
| fet | pace; step (as measure), foot (n) |
| feta | step; proceed in, begin to (v) |
| feti | strider, stepper, pacer (name for a horse) (n) |
| fetill | band, girdle (m) |
| fetils svell | sword of ice, the gleaming sword |
| fiaura-tighi (‡) | forty (num) |
| fiðri | feathers (n) |
| fífl-megir | monstrous kindred (m pl) |
| fí-lépi (‡) | cattle (n) |
| Fíli | Fili (personal name) |
| fill | unpleasant (adj) |
| fim(m)tán | fifteen (num); fim(m)tándi - fifteenth (ord num) |
| fimbulþulr | mighty sage |
| fimbul-vetr | monstrous winter (m) |
| fimm | five (num) |
| fingr | finger (m) |
| finna | find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) |
| Finnr | Finn (personal name) |
| firar | men, people; living beings or creatures; humankind (m pl) |
| firkeiping | ship, with four pairs of oars, eight rowers |
| fiskr | fish (m) |
| fit | land, shore (f) |
| fiþla (‡) | fiddle (f) |
| fjaðralauss | featherless, without feathers (adj) |
| fjaðrhamr | feather-coat, feather skin, coat; shape (m) |
| Fjalarr | Fjalar (personal name) |
| fjall | mountain, fell (n) |
| fjalltindr | mountain top |
| fjándi | enemy (m) |
| fjándmaðr | enemy (m) |
| fjara | ebb-tide, fore-shore, shore, beach; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) |
| fjarð-skorinn | indented with firths (fjords) |
| fjár-hagi | cattle pasture (m) |
| fjarri, fierri | far, far off; by no means; fjarri fór þat - far from it (adv) |
| fjár-skipti | division or share of property (n) |
| fjǫðr | feather, wing (f) |
| fjǫl | host (n) |
| fjöl? | deck planking? |
| fjölð | multitude, plenty of; great number, store (f) |
| fjǫlði | multitude, abundance (m) |
| fjǫlgask (að) | multiply (v) |
| fjölkunnigr | skilled in magic (adj) |
| fjölkyngi | magic, black art, sorcery (f) |
| fjǫllóttr | mountainous |
| fjǫlmennask (t) | populated, become peopled, full of people |
| fjǫlmenni | crowd, force of men (n) |
| fjǫlmennr, fjölmennr | crowded, in a large group, numerous; with many people, well-attended (adj) |
| fjölmennt | in crowds, in large numbers (adv) |
| Fjón | Fyn, Denmark (place name) |
| fjǫr | life (n) |
| fjǫrbaugs-garðr | lesser outlawry (m) |
| fjǫrbaugs-maðr | lesser outlaw (m) |
| fjǫrði, fjórði | fourth (ord num) |
| fjǫrðr | fjord, firth, inlet (m) |
| fjórir | four (num); fjórði - fourth (ord num) |
| fjǫrlag | death, loss of life (n) |
| fjörlausn | ransom for one's life; release from life (f) |
| fjörsegi | life-morsel, heart (m) |
| fjórtán | fourteen (num); fjórtándi - fourteenth (ord num) |
| fjǫtra (að) | fetter, bind (v) |
| fjǫturr, fjóturr | shackle, fetter (m) |
| fjúka | fly (v) |
| flá | flay; strip (of clothes and of money); skin (v) |
| flá | skin (v) |
| flagð | ogress, giantess (n) |
| flaki | wicker-work shield or barrier (m) |
| flakka | roam, wander about (as a shepherd with his sheep) (v) |
| flár | false, treacherous (adj) |
| fláráðr | false, deceitful (adj) |
| flaska | flask; flösku-skegg - bottlebeard (nickname) (f) |
| flatnefr | flat-nose (as in nickname) (adj) |
| flatr | flat, prostrate (adj) |
| flaugun | flying, flight; alt er á fǫr ok flaugun - all is in commotion (f) |
| flein-drífa | spear throwing; throwing of spears (f) |
| fleinn | spear (for throwing), pike, dart, shaft; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) |
| fleiri | more; further, other |
| flekkr | speck, spot (m) |
| flesk | bacon (n) |
| flestr | most (adj) |
| flet | boards of a hall used for seating |
| fletta | strip (v) |
| fley | ship, perhaps a small shuttle or ferry |
| fleygja (gð) | shoot; let something fly; hurl (v) |
| flík | flag, rag (f) |
| fljóð | woman |
| fljót | river (n) |
| fljóta | float; skipit flaut - the ship floated (at anchor) (v) |
| fljótliga | speedily, soon (adv) |
| fljótr | readily (adv) |
| fljótr | swift, fleeing; sem fljótast - at once (adj) |
| fljúga | fly; floginn - flying (v) |
| flóð | flood, tide (n) |
| flœrð | deceit |
| flokkr | men (body of men); short lay (m) |
| floti | fleet (m) |
| flotnar | seafarers, Vikings (m pl) |
| flótti | flight (m) |
| flutningr | pleading (m) |
| flyja, flýja | flee (v) |
| flytja | carry; bring, deliver; convey, move, remove; speak; tell, recite; plead (a case); flytja upp - unload (v) |
| fnasa | snort (v) |
| fnǫsun | snorting, blowing out (f) |
| fóðr | fodder (n) |
| fǫðurbróðir | uncle, father's brother (m) |
| fǫður-hefndir | revenge for one's father (f pl) |
| föðurkyn | father's kin (n) |
| föðursystir | aunt, father's sister (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f fœ g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| fœða | support (v) |
| fœða (dd) | give birth to; feed; nurse; rear, bring up; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) |
| fœra (ð) | bring, present, convey, send, give; hurl, smite; move; fœra hǫfuð - give onself up to another; fœra fram - bring forward; fœra upp - raise up; fœra fœtr við - brace one's feet against a pull; fœrask í - fall into (v) |
| fœri | opportunity (n) |
| fœrr | able to go; fœrr til - capable of (adj) |
| fǫgnuðr, fógnuðr | entertainment, delight (m) |
| fólcvíg | war, troop-slaying, battle (between armies) |
| fold | earth, world (f) |
| fólk, folk | folk, people, men; troop, host of warriors; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) |
| fólkhagi | leader, prince (m) |
| fǫlna (að) | fade; grow pale (v) |
| fǫlr | pale (adj) |
| før (‡) | formerly, previously (adv) |
| för, fǫr | journey, journeying; expedition; movement; í fǫr - in company with; eiga skip í fǫrum - own a trading ship (f) |
| forað | monster (n) |
| for-biūdha (‡) | forbid (v) |
| for-buðū | prohibition (n) |
| forða (að) | save (v) |
| forðum | formerly, some time ago; of old (adv) |
| for-eldra (‡) | ancestors (m pl) |
| for-faras (‡) | perish, be lost (v) |
| for-hardher (‡) | hard of heart (adj) |
| foringi | captain, commander, leader (m) |
| forkunnar | exceedingly (adj) |
| forlǫg | destiny; fate (n pl) |
| formaðr | captain, leader, chieftain, (lit fore-man) (m) |
| formælandi | supporter, advocate, speaker on one's behalf |
| formáli | stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; formula; charm (m) |
| for-man (‡) | ruler (m) |
| forn | old, ancient (adj) |
| forn-kveðit | said of old, in days gone by (n) |
| for-órth | warning (n) |
| førra | first (adv) |
| forrað | administration, management; til forrað - for rulership |
| fors | waterfall (m) |
| forsjá | care, aid; patronage (f) |
| forstjóri | overseer, leader (m) |
| for-stofa | entrance hall (f) |
| forstreymis | downstream (adv) |
| fortǫlur | exhortations (f pl) |
| fǫru-nautr | companion on a journey (m) |
| fǫruneyti | company (n) |
| forvirki | labor, hired help (n) |
| forvitnask | find out, inquire (v) |
| forvitni | curiosity (f) |
| forvitnis-bót | satisfaction of curiosity (f) |
| foss | waterfall, force (m) |
| fóstbróðir | foster-brother (m) |
| fóstr | fostering of a child; taka til fóstrs - take as a foster child; vera at fóstri - be a foster-child, be in a fostering relationship (n) |
| fóstra | foster-mother; nurse |
| fóstra (að) | foster (v) |
| fóstri | foster-father; foster-brother; foster-son; fosterling (m) |
| fóta-fjǫl | foot-board (f) |
| fót-hvatr | swift of foot (adj) |
| fótr | foot; leg, foot and leg (m) |
| frá | from; about, concerning (prep); away; upp frá þessu- from now on (adv) |
| fræði | history |
| frægiligr | magnificent; honorable (adj) |
| frægr | famous, well-known (adj) |
| Frægr | Fraeg (personal name) |
| fræknliga | bravely (adv) |
| frændi | friend, relative, kinsman (m) |
| frænd-rœkinn | attached to one's kin |
| frændsemi | kinship (f) |
| fráliga | swiftly (adv) |
| fram | forward, on; away; out; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) |
| framan | forward; from the front; from the front side; framan í hann - in his face; framan til mið dags - up to midday (adv) |
| framar | ahead, further forward (adv) |
| framast | farthest forward (adv) |
| framganga | advance, attack (f) |
| frami | fame, growth, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability (m) |
| framkvæmd | progress; success (f) |
| frammi | hafa frammi - produce, make use of (adv) |
| framr | foremost, forward, facing forwards, standing in front; outstanding, excellent; (superl.) farthest back in time, earliest (adj) |
| framstafn | prow (m) |
| frān (‡) | from (prep) |
| fránn | gleaming (adj) |
| Frár | Frar (personal name) |
| frásagnarverðr | worth relating |
| fráskila | separated |
| frásǫgn | information; narration |
| frauð | froth; juice (n) |
| fregn | news, information (f) |
| fregna | learn; hear of; ask; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) |
| fregnvíss | curious (adj) |
| freista (st) | try; make trial of; test; put to the test (v) |
| freki | wolf (m) |
| frekr | greedy (adj) |
| frels | free, unhindered (adj) |
| frelsa | rescue, save (v) |
| fremja | accomplish, perform (v) |
| fremr | more, further (adv) |
| frest | delay, respite; lj'a fresta - give; respite (n) |
| fretr | fart |
| frétt | news (f) |
| frétta | ask, inquire, hear of (v) |
| Freyja | Freyja, a fertility goddess (f) |
| Freys | Freys, a nickname of Freyr |
| friðar-tákn | token of peace (n) |
| friðr | peace (m) |
| friðr | beautiful, handsome, fine (adj) |
| Frigg | Frigg, a goddess, wife of Odin (f) |
| frilla | mistress, concubine (f) |
| frjáls | free; með frjálsu - in peace |
| frjósa | freeze (v) |
| fróðleikr | knowledge, lore, magic (m) |
| fróðr | wise, clever, well-informed (especially in history) (adj) |
| frœði | lore, history; knowledge (f and n) |
| frœkn | brave, valiant (adj) |
| frœknliga | bravely; manfully (adv) |
| frost | frost (n) |
| Frosti | Frosti, Frosty (personal name) |
| frú | mistress, lady (f) |
| frum-vaxta | grown up (just) (adj) |
| fryja (ð) | taunt; fryja hugar - questions one's courage (v) |
| fugl, fogl | bird (m) |
| fuglakyn | family or species of bird (f) |
| fuglsrödd | the speech of a bird, a bird's voice (f) |
| fúinn | rotten, decayed (adj) |
| ful-komlīka (‡) | completely (adv) |
| ful-kompna (‡) | perfect, fulfill (v) |
| fúll, full | foul, unpleasant (adj) |
| fullkominn | complete; established (adj) |
| full-mælt | spoken too much |
| fullr | full; in full swing; full outlaw; fullr af - filled with; fullu - in full; til fullra laga - the the full extent of the law (adj) |
| fullsteikinn | fully roasted (adj) |
| fullting | help, aid (n) |
| full-trúi | patron (diety) (m) |
| fúna | rot, decay (v) |
| Fundinn | Fundin (personal name), foundling |
| fundr | battle; meeting; finding, discovery; á fund , til fundar við - meet, find; koma á fund - come to a meeting with (m) |
| funi | flame (m) |
| furðuliga | terribly |
| fuss, fúss | eager, willing; eager for (adj) |
| fyl | foal (n) |
| fylgð | help, support; guidance; party, followers; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) |
| fylgja (gð) | follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) |
| fylki | province (n) |
| fylking | battle array, host (f) |
| fylkir | king (m) |
| fylkja | draw up (in battle array) (v) |
| fylla (d) | fill; complete; fulfill; increase (v) |
| fyr(ir)nema | deprive one of speech, make silent (v) |
| fyrðar | men, people (pl) |
| fyrir | before, preceding; ahead, in front, before, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) |
| fyrir | ahead, in front, before; before; first, before; at hand, present; |
| fyrir stundu | time (a short time ago) |
| fyrirbjoða | forbid (v) |
| fyrr | before, previously, sooner; fyrr en - before, sooner than, until (adv) |
| fyrri | former, previous, before; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) |
| fyrri | previously, sooner (adv) |
| fyrrum | formerly, before (adv) |
| fyrst | first (adv) |
| fyrsta | beginning; í firstu, í førstænæ - at first (f) |
| fyrsti (‡) | first (adv) |
| fyrstr | first, foremost, earliest (adj) |
| fyrtelia (-talða) | recount, recite |
| fysa | encourage (v) |
| fýsa (t) | urge, encourage; (impers.) desire (v) |
| fýsa, fysa | urge, encourage; desire; braut fýsir mik - I desire to depart, I am in haste to depart; fýsask í braut - be eager to go away (v) |
| fýst | desire (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f fœ g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| gā (‡) | go (v) |
| gá (ð) | heed (v) |
| gæfa | luck; bera gæfu til við - have good fortune in dealings with one (f) |
| gæfr | reasonable; mild (adj) |
| gæfuleysi | lucklessness (n) |
| gæfumaðr | lucky man (m) |
| gæfumunr | difference in fortune, turn or shift of luck (m) |
| gægjask (ð) | gaze, bend forward to see, glare (v) |
| gær | in; í gær - yesterday |
| gæta (tt) | guard, attend to, tend, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) |
| gætinn | wary, careful (adj) |
| gætir | keeper, guard (m) |
| gaflveggr | gable-wall (m) |
| gafs (‡) | given (was given) (v) |
| gagn | advantage; koma at gagni - be of service (n) |
| gagn-dagr | minor rogation day (day of prayer and fasting in Western Christianity) (m) |
| gagnsamr | helpful (adj) |
| gagnsemð | helpfulness (f) |
| gagnvart | opposite (prep) |
| gala | scream (v) |
| galeið | galley (f) |
| galti | boar (wild) |
| gamall | old (adj) |
| gaman | pleasure, delight; entertainment; þykkja gaman at - take pleasure in (n) |
| Gamli | Gamli (personal name), the Old One |
| Gandálfr | Gandalf (personal name), Staff-elf |
| gandr | staff (magic staff) or spirit |
| ganga | go, walk; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask- attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) |
| ganga | procession, a walking, course (f) |
| ganga við | confess (v) |
| Gangleri | Gangleri (personal name, mythlogical), Wanderer, the false name adopted by the Swedish king Gylfi |
| gap | gap, gaping, chasm |
| gapa | gape (v) |
| garðr | enclosed space, yard; farmyard, enclosure; court; fence; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) |
| Garðs-konungr | Byzantine emperor (m) |
| gargan | snake |
| garpr | bold, daring, courageous, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) |
| gás | goose (f) |
| gata | way, path, road (f) |
| gáta | riddle (f) |
| gátt | door-opening |
| gaumr | attention, heed; gefa at gaum - pay attention to (m) |
| Gautar | the Goths (m pl) |
| geð | affection, liking; mind; disposition; wits; sense; inclination (n) |
| geðjaðr | agreeable (adj) |
| gefa | give, grant; give in marriage; (impers.) be obtainable; gefr byri - one gets a favorable wind; var hon mjǫk gefin til fjár - she was married to him mainly for his money (v) |
| gefandi | giver, host (m) |
| gegn | giver (m) |
| gegn | against, towards, to, meet (prep) |
| gegn | back, again; in opposition (adv) |
| gegna (d) | mean, bode; suited for, be suitable for (v) |
| gegnt | opposite (prep) |
| geigr | injury (serious) (m) |
| geil | lane (f) |
| geirr | spear; point of anvil (m) |
| geir-vangr | shield, 'spear field' (m) |
| geisa | rage (v) |
| geisl | staff, goad; beam of light (m) |
| geit | she-goat (f) |
| geldingr | wether, gelded sheep (m) |
| gellir | yeller, screamer |
| Gellisson | Gellir's son |
| gera | make; do, act; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) |
| gera (ð) | do, perform; act; make, build, compose; finish (v) |
| gerning (‡) | deed (f) |
| gestr | guest (m) |
| geta | get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; (with ppart.) be able to, get done; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could; (v) |
| geyja | scoff at; revile; bark; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) |
| geyma | guard; watch (v) |
| geysa | rush forth with violence; rushing furiously (v) |
| gífr | troll; troll-kind (n) |
| gīgha (‡) | fiddle (f) |
| gil | gorge, ravine (n) |
| gildi | feast; guild; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation; recompense, return (n) |
| gildisbrœðr | guild-brethren (m pl) |
| gildr | fine, worthy, great; of great value; valued at (adj) |
| Gimlé | Gimle, hall inhabited by Light Elves |
| gin | mouth (of an animal) (n) |
| gína | gape, yawn (v) |
| Ginnarr | Ginnar (personal name), Betrayer |
| ginnheilagr | sacred, most holy |
| ginning | deception, tricking (f) |
| ginnregin | powers (pl.) (mighty powers) |
| ginnung | space (mighty space), abyss, void |
| Ginnungagap | Ginnungagap, the yawning or gaping void, the primeval void from which the world was created (f) |
| ginstan (‡) | at once, forthwith |
| gin-værda (‡) | difficulty (f) |
| gipt | gift |
| gipta | give in marriage (v) |
| gipta | good luck |
| giptumaðr | lucky man (m) |
| girnas | desire for oneself (v) |
| girnd | desire |
| gísl | hostage; bailiff; warder (m) |
| gista (t) | pass the night; lodge (v) |
| gisting | lodging (night-lodgings) (f) |
| Gizurr | Gizur (personal name) |
| gjaf-orð | marriage arrangement; fá gjaf-orð - make a match (n) |
| gjald | tribute; payment; reward; tax; compensation; wergild (n) |
| gjalda | pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) |
| gjálfrmarr | ship; 'steed of the sea' (m) |
| gjalla | yell, scream; bellow; twang (of a bowstring) (v) |
| Gjallarhorn | Gjallarhorn, Yelling Horn, the horn blown by the god Heimdall to announce the beginning of Ragnarok |
| Gjalpar skær | wolf |
| gjarn | eager, willing (adj) |
| gjarna, gjarnan | willingly (adv) |
| gjǫf | gift (f) |
| gjǫr | food (n) |
| gjósa | gush, burst out; erupt (v) |
| gjóta | cast (v) |
| glaða | gladden (v) |
| glaðliga | gladly, heartily (adv) |
| glaðmæltr | cheerful in speech (adj) |
| glaðr | glad, cheerful, merry (adj) |
| glæd-hias | rejoice (v) |
| Glámr | Glam (personal name) |
| Glám-sýni | Glam sight', illusion (n) |
| glaumr | merry noise (m) |
| gleði | gladness, merriment (f) |
| gleidr | bowlegged (adj) |
| gler-tǫlr | glass beads (f pl) |
| glettask | meddle with (v) |
| gleypa (t) | swallow (v) |
| glíkligr | likely |
| glíma | wrestling (f) |
| glita (að) | glitter (v) |
| Glitnir | Glitnir, silver hall belonging to the god Forseti |
| glóa | glow, shine, glitter (v) |
| gløggr | clear, clear-sighted |
| Glói | Gloi (personal name), Glow |
| glotta | grin; glotta við tǫn - grin contemptuously (showing the teeth) (v) |
| glugga-þykkn | clouds (dense clouds with opening in them) (f) |
| gluggr | window (f) |
| glymja | roar; resound; dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash (v) |
| gnæfa (ð) | high (to rise high), tower (v) |
| gnaga | gnaw (v) |
| gnat | clashing (n) |
| gnata (að) | crash (v) |
| gnegg=hnegg | neigh(ing) (n) |
| gnesta | crack, clash (v) |
| Gnitaheiðr | Gnitaheath, the heath where Fafnir, as a dragon, lies upon great wealth (f) |
| gnógr | enough; plenty (of); gnógt - plenty |
| gnótt | abundance, plenty (f) |
| gnúa | rub (v) |
| gnyja | roar; splash against (v) |
| gnýr | clash, din; gnýr malma - battle, 'clash of weapons' (m) |
| goð, guth | god (heathen) (n) |
| goðahús | temple (n) |
| goðgá | blasphemy (f) |
| goði | chief, chieftain; priest (m) |
| góði | profit (m) |
| goðorð | chieftaincy (n) |
| góðr | brave; good, fine; liberal (adj) |
| góðvili | goodwill (m) |
| Goðvinasun | Gothvinasun (personal name) |
| gœðalauss | barren; useless (adj) |
| göfugr | noble, distingished, worshipful (adj) |
| gólf | floor (n) |
| gómr | gum (of mouth) (m) |
| gōnga (‡) | go (v) |
| Göngu-Hrólfr | Hrolf the Walker (personal name) |
| gøra | make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) |
| gørð | building, making; arbitration; taka menn til gørðar - choose arbitrators (f) |
| Gormr | Gorm (personal name), first king of the Jelling dynasty in Denmark |
| gørr | more fully (adv) |
| gǫrr (van) | made, built; done; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) |
| gørsimi | treasure (f) |
| gørviligr | capable, enterprising (adj) |
| gotar | men (m pl) |
| Gotar | Goths, (pl) the Goths |
| goti | steed (m) |
| gott | benefit |
| góz | goods (n) |
| gráðar læ | food (hunger's bane) |
| gráðr | hunger (m) |
| graðungr | bull (m) |
| græs (‡) | grass (n) |
| grafa | dig; engrave, inlay; grafa niðr - bury; grafinn nið - rooted to the ground (v) |
| gramer (‡) | fierce; fiend |
| gramr | king |
| Gramr | Gramr, the name of a sword (m) |
| granahár | whisker (n) |
| Grani | Grani, the name of Sigurd's horse (m) |
| grannligr | slender, slim (adj) |
| grannr | slender (adj) |
| grár | grey (adj) |
| gras | grass; herb; pasture; vegetation; plant (n) |
| gras-geilar | grass-covered clefts (in the hillside) (f pl) |
| gráta | weep (v) |
| grautr | porridge (m) |
| greiðliga | quickly, promptly (adv) |
| grein | branch, division; particular, detail |
| greip | space between fingers or talons (n) |
| gren | lair (of a fox), foxhole (n) |
| gres-járn | iron wire (n) |
| gretta (tt) sik | grimace (v) |
| Grettir | Grettir (personal name) |
| grēue (‡) | count, earl (m) |
| grey | bitch; dog (n) |
| grið | peace, protection (n pl) |
| griða-lauss | without truce |
| grið-kona | serving-woman (f) |
| griðungr | bull (m) |
| gríma | mask; shadow of night (f) |
| grimm-ligr | fierce-looking (adj) |
| grimmr, grym | fierce; grim (adj) |
| grind | pen, fold; gate of bars (f) |
| grípa | grip; grípa til - take up, lay hold of (v) |
| gripær | draft-cattle (m) |
| gripr | animal; valuable thing (m) |
| griss | piglet |
| grjót | stones (n) |
| grjótbjǫrg | rocks (n pl) |
| grjót-hóll | rocky mound (m) |
| gróa | grow (v) |
| groðkona | serving-woman |
| Grœnlands-ferð | journey to Greenland (f) |
| Grœnlenzkr | belonging to Greenland |
| grœnn | green (adj) |
| grǫf, gróf | hole, pit, ditch (f) |
| grǫn | beard; beak; lip; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) |
| grǫsugr | grassy (adj) |
| gruna | suspect; mik grunar - I suspect, I fancy (v) |
| grund | ground, bottom; broad surface; surface of the earth, earth |
| grunlauss | unsuspecting; eigi er mér grunlaust - I suspect |
| grunnr | ground, bottom (m) |
| grunn-sævi | shallow water (n) |
| grunr | suspicion |
| grýttr, gryttr | stony, rocky (adj) |
| Guð | God (m) |
| guðr | battle (f) |
| gufa | smoke, vapor (f) |
| gull | gold (n) |
| gull-band | golden collar (n) |
| gull-fingrini (‡) | gold ring (n) |
| gull-hjálmr | golden helmet (m) |
| gullhringr | gold ring (m) |
| gullhyrndr | golden-horned (adj) |
| gullin-hjalti | sword with golden hilt (m) |
| Gullveig | Gullveig (personal name) |
| gumi | man, human (m) |
| Gunnarr | Gunnar (personal name) |
| Gunnhildr | Gunnhild (personal name) |
| Gunnlǫð | Gunnlath (personal name) |
| guth (‡) | God |
| gyðja | priestess (f) |
| gýgr | giantess (f) |
| Gylfi | Gylfir (personal name), king in Sweden, name of a Viking |
| gylla | gild (v) |
| gyrða | gird, put on (v) |
| gyrðingr | buntline (ship/sailing term) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h hj i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| haad (‡) | scorn (n) |
| habora | oar-hole |
| haddr | hair (of head) (m) |
| hádegi | midday, noon, high day, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning at noon (n) |
| hæð | height, hill (f) |
| hægr | gentle (adj) |
| hæiðrs-minni (‡) | memorial of honor (n) |
| hæið-werðr (‡) | revered (adj) |
| hæl | death (f) |
| hælfningr | division of an army (m) |
| hæll | heel (m) |
| hængæs (‡) | be hanged (v) |
| hænsn (‡) | hens |
| hær (‡) | army |
| hærðr | haired; mjǫk hærðr - having abundant hair |
| hærre (‡) | taller (adj) |
| hætta | risk, venture, stake; cease (v) |
| hættr | dangerous; hlífum hættr - destructive to shields (adj) |
| haf | sea, the high sea; vestr um haf - westwards over the sea (n) |
| haf víl | lost at sea (lit 'sea trouble') |
| hafa (ð) | have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt - make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) |
| há-flœðr | high-tide, full-flood (f) |
| hafr | goat (m) |
| Hafrsfjörðr | Hafrsfjord (place name) |
| hafrstaka | goat-skin (f) |
| hafskip | ocean-going ship (n) |
| haga | arrange; haga til - contrive (v) |
| hagall | hail (m) |
| hagi | field, meadow (m) |
| hagliga | neatly, adeptly, skillfully (adv) |
| haglkorn | hail-stone (n) |
| hagr | state, condition, affairs, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) |
| hagr | skilled, handy (adj) |
| haklangr | long-chinned (adj) |
| Hákon | Hakon (personal name); Hákon jarl Grjótgarðsson - Earl Hakon, son of Grjotgard, Stone-Fence |
| hala | haul (ship/sailing term) |
| halda | hold, grip, hold fast; keep, retain; steer, direct; protect; last, hold good, remain; halda at (or til) - go to, sail to; halda fram - hold a course; halda í haf - put out to (open) sea; halda inn með - make one's way into; halda saman - fasten together; halda tal af - value the counsel of; gieta sic uppi haldit - succeed in maintaining oneself; halda á - hold in hand, wield, carry; halda á brottu - make off; halda medh - take the side of; halda undan - run away; halda við flótta - be on the point of fleeing; halda undan - fly, flee; halda sveit - hold command over a troop; halda upp - hold up; halda við - stand or hold against; haldask - hold, last (v) |
| haldorðr | true of word |
| Hálfdanarhaugar | Halfdan's mounds (m pl) |
| Hálfdanarson | Halfdan's son |
| Hálfdanr | Haldan (personal name); Hálfdanr svarti - Haldan the Black, 9th century Norwegian king and father of Harald Shaggyhair/Fairhair |
| hálfr | half; hálfu - by half; by far, twice as much |
| halftroll | halftroll |
| hallæri | famine (n) |
| Halland | Halland, Denmark, now part of Sweden (place name) |
| hallargólf | hall-floor (n) |
| Hallgerðr | Hallgertha (personal name), Gunnar's wife |
| hallr | leaning, sloping; hill-side; hallr í göngu - stooped, walking with a stoop (n) |
| hálmr | straw (m) |
| hálmþúst | flail (n) |
| halr | man, hero (m) |
| hals | tack (ship/sailing term) |
| háls | ridge; hill-crest |
| háls | neck (m) |
| halsa | clew up (haul the lower corners of a square-rig sail up to the yard by means of the clew lines) (v) (ship/sailing term) |
| haltr | lame (adj) |
| hamargnipa | peak of a crag (f) |
| hamarr | hammer; crag, cliff (m) |
| hamar-skapt | hammer handle (n) |
| hamars-muðr | end of hammer-head (m) |
| hamar-spor | mark of a hammer's blow (n) |
| ham-hleypa | skin-changing witch (f) |
| hamingja | luck (f) |
| hamingju-leysi | want of luck (n) |
| hamla | oar-thong; láta síga á hǫmlu - back oars, back out of the line of battle (f) (ship/sailing term) |
| hamla (að) | back oars, fall back (v) |
| hamr | skin, shape; abode (m) |
| Hánarr | Hanar (personal name) |
| handan | on the other side of (prep) |
| handarvanr | handless, bereft of a hand, lacking a hand, one-armed |
| hand-genginn | having become a retainer |
| handleggr | arm (m); upper arm and forearm (m pl) |
| handsal | handshake; shaking hands in conclusion of an agreement (n usually pl) |
| handtaka | capture; seize (v) |
| hangæs (‡) | be hanged (v) |
| hani | cock (m) |
| hann | he (pron) |
| hans | his (pron) |
| hanzki | glove (m) |
| happ | good luck, fortune (n) |
| happ-fróðr | wise in season |
| hár | high, tall, lofty; loud (adj) |
| hár | hair (n) |
| Hár | Har (personal name), Greyhair |
| Haraldr | Harald (personal name); Haraldr blátönn - Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark (958-987 AD); Haraldr harðráði - Harald the Ruthless, Norwegian king (1045-1066); Haraldr hárfagri - Harald Fairhair also Haraldr lúfa - Harald Shaggyhair, Norwegian king who reigned from ca. 860-930; Klakk-Haraldr - Klakk Harald |
| harðaz | fiercest (adj) |
| harðfengiliga | stoutly (adv) |
| harðhugaðr | hard-hearted; ruthless; resolute (adj) |
| harðliga | fiercely; terribly (adv) |
| harðr | hard, difficult; severe, sharp (adj) |
| harðráðr | hard in council, tyrannical, ruthless (adj) |
| harð-ræði | hardihood; experience of hardship (n) |
| harðsnúinn | well-prepared, well-knit, staunch (adj) |
| hárfagr | fair-haired (nickname) (adj) |
| hárfagri | fair-haired (adj) |
| hār-klæðhe (‡) | hair shirt (n) |
| harma | grieve, vex (v) |
| harmfullr | sorrowful; filled |
| harmr | sorrow, grief (m) |
| harp-sláttr | playing the harp (m) |
| harr | sea |
| hárr | grey-haired, hoary, grey-bearded; (a name of Odin) |
| hart | hard; sharply |
| hásæti | throne, high-seat, seat of honor (n) |
| háseti | oarsman (m) crew (m pl) |
| hásin | tendon, hamstring sinew |
| háski | danger, harm (m) |
| hástokkr? | gunwale? |
| hata (að) | damage, destroy (v) |
| hath (‡) | hate (n) |
| Hati | Hati, the wolf that pursues the moon (m) |
| hátt | loudly; aloud; hafa hátt - make an outcry (adv) |
| hátta | arrange; háttaðr - fashioned (v) |
| háttaðr | fashioned |
| Hattargriði | Hott's guardian |
| háttatal | list of meters or verse forms (n) |
| hattr | hood (m) |
| háttr | custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance |
| hauga-brot | grave destruction; breaking open of a grave-mound (n) |
| hauga-eldr | grave fire, fire from graves (m) |
| haugbúi | ghost, undead man (m) |
| haugr | burial mound; grave mound; mound (m) |
| Haugspori | Haugspori, Mound-river |
| hauknefr | hawknose |
| haukr | hawk (m) |
| haukstrǫnd | arm, 'hawk-strand' (f) |
| hausakljufr | cleaver (skull cleaver) |
| hauss | skull (m) |
| haust | autumn, harvest season (n) |
| hausta | draw near to autumn (v) |
| hávaðamikill | noisy, self-assertive (adj) |
| hdla | lay hands on (v) |
| heðan, héðan | hence, from here; heðan af - from now on, henceforth (adv) |
| hēdher-līca (‡) | worthily, meritoriously (adv) |
| hēdher-līcer (‡) | glorious (adj) |
| hēdhra (adh) (‡) | honor (v) |
| heðinn | fur cloak, coat |
| heðra | here, hither |
| hefill | clew line (ship/sailing term) |
| hefja | lift, raise, heave; begin; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) |
| hefna (d) | avenge, take revenge (v) |
| hefnd | vengeance (f) |
| hegnan (‡) | aid (f) |
| hégómi | folly (f) |
| hegri | heron |
| heiðar-brún | edge of the heath (f) |
| heiðinn | heathen |
| heiðir | hawk (m) |
| heiðni | heathendom (f) |
| heiðr | bright, clear (adj) |
| heiðr | heath (on high ground), moor (f) |
| Heiðrekr | Heithrek (personal name) |
| Heiðrún | Heidrun, a goat that gives mead in Välhöll (m) |
| heilagr | holy, sacred; protected; heilgir fiskar - halibuts (adj) |
| heili | brain (m) |
| heill | luck (good luck); good omen (n and f) |
| heill | hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) |
| heill | Hail! bæði heila hittask - bade god-speed to meet again |
| heil-raðr | giving wholesome counsel |
| heil-ræði | wholesome counsel (n) |
| heilsa | greet (v) |
| heim | home; homeward; to(wards) the house (adv) |
| heima | home (n); at home (adv) |
| heima-maðr | man of the household (m) |
| heiman | from home; from the dwelling (adv) |
| Heimdallr | Heimdall, the watchman god, who guards the rainbow-bridge; one of the Æsir; World-radiance (m) |
| heimdragi | stay-at-home (m) |
| heimili | home, homestead (n) |
| heimisgarðar | courtyards of a house (pl.), homestead(s), premises |
| heimr | region; world, earth; heima í millim, í milli heims ok heljar - between life and death (m) |
| heimskr | foolish (adj) |
| heimstǫð | homestead |
| heimta (t) | recover; claim; get back; draw, summon (v) |
| heimull | er heimult - one who has a right; var þat heimult gǫrt - permission was granted |
| heir-strenging | solemn vow (f) |
| heit | promise (n) |
| heita | call, name, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named; pray to (v) |
| heitr | hot (adj) |
| hel | hell; Hel, abode of the dead, separate from Vahalla, and ruled over by a goddess of the same name; death; í hel - to death (f) |
| heldr | rather; [after neg] on the contrary; at heldr - all the more; heldr en - rather than, more than (adv) |
| heldr | nay |
| helgistaðr | holy place (m) |
| helgrind | hell gate, gate of hell (f) |
| hella | flat stone, flagstone (m) |
| hellir | cave (m) |
| hellusteinn | flat stone, flat slab of rock, flagstone (m) |
| helmingr | half; í helminga - in halves; equally (m) |
| hel-vegr | road to hell (m) |
| helzt | most willingly; most of all; exceedingly (adv) |
| helzti | very; all too (adv) |
| Hengjankjapta | Hengjankjapta, a giantess killed by Thor (f) |
| hennar | her, hers |
| heppinn | lucky; fortunate (adj) |
| hepta | hinder, make difficulty; bind, fetter; hold back, restrain (v) |
| Hepti | Hepti, Haft |
| hér | here; hér af - from this (adv) |
| herað | district, country (n) |
| herbergi | lodgings, quarters (n) |
| herða | clench, harden (v) |
| herðar | shoulders, upper part of back (f pl) |
| herfang | booty; at herfangi - as booty (n) |
| herfiligr | wretched, shameful, bitter, harsh (adj) |
| herja (að) | raid, harry; plunder; make war (v) |
| Herjólfsfjörðr | Herjolf's Fjord (place name) (m) |
| Herjólfsnes | Herjólfsnes; Herjólf's Headland (place name) (n) |
| herklæða (dd) | herklæða sik - put armor on (v) |
| herklæði | armor (n pl) |
| herknungr | warrior-king (m) |
| herlið | army, war-force (n) |
| hermaðr | warrior (m) |
| hernaðr | plundering, raid (m) |
| herǫr | war-arrow (f) |
| herr | army, troops, host; great number (m) |
| herr | harrier, destroyer |
| herra | lord (m) |
| hersir | regional military leader in Norway; chieftain (m) |
| herskapr | harrying, warfare (m) |
| hertogi | commander; duke (m) |
| hervápn | weapons (military) (n pl) |
| Hervarðr | Hervarth (personal name) |
| Hervǫr | Hervor (personal name) |
| hestr | horse, stallion (m) |
| heygja (ð) | bury; bury in a mound (v) |
| heyja-annir | haymaking season (f pl) |
| heyra (ð) | hear, hear of; heyra til - hear a sound from; ekki lét heyra sín - did not let a sound be heard from him (v) |
| hey-verk | hay-making (n) |
| hey-virki | hay-making (n) |
| hí | here (n) |
| hielp (‡) | help (f) |
| Hildr | Hildr (personal name), a valkyrie |
| hildr | battle (f) |
| hilmir | chief, king (m) |
| hime-rike (‡) | heaven (m) |
| Himinbjörg | Himinbjorg, place where Bifröst enters Ásgarðr (n pl) |
| himinioðurr | horizon or precinct of heaven, rim of heaven, sky |
| himinn | heaven, sky (m) |
| hindrvitni | superstition, heathenism (f) |
| hingat | to here, hither; hingat til - hitherto, up to this time, until now (adv) |
| hinn | this (one); that; the; the other one; á hinn fótinn - on the other foot (prep) |
| hinna | membrane (f) |
| hirð | court; a king's or earl's bodyguard; the king's men, retainers (f) |
| hirða (ð) | keep; mind, care, care for, hide, conceal; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) |
| hirðir | herdsman (m) |
| hirðmaðr | king's man; retainer (m) |
| hirzla | possession; keeping (f) |
| hít | skin-bag (f) |
| hiti | heat; flame (m) |
| hitta (tt) | hit, find, meet; come to; come upon; arrive at; visit, call on, meet with; meet each other; hit upon; go to see; hitta á - come upon, find; hitta rað - devise a plan; hittask - meet one (v) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h hj i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| hjá | by, near; with; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) |
| Hjaðningavíg | the fight of the Hjadnings (n) |
| hjala | chatter (v) |
| hjaldr (rs) | battle (m) |
| hjallr | platform (m) |
| Hjálmarr | Hjalmar (personal name) |
| hjálmr | helmet, helm (m) |
| hjálmrǫðull | sword (m) |
| hjalmstallr | head (the support of the helmet) (m) |
| hjálp | help (f) |
| hjálpa | help, save (v) |
| Hjálprekr | Hjalprek, legendary king (m) |
| hjalt | efra hjaltit - pommel of the sword; fremra hjaltit - sword guard; (n) |
| Hjarðarholt | Hjarðarholt, Herd's Hill (place name) (n) |
| hjarn | hard snow (n) |
| hjarta | heart (n) |
| hjartablóð | heart's blood (n) |
| hjarta-horn | hart's horn (n) |
| hjölm | tiller (ship/sailing term) |
| hjǫlt | hilt (of a sword) (n pl) |
| hjǫrð | herd, flock; herding (f) |
| hjǫrleikr | sword-play (m) |
| hjǫrr | sword |
| hjörtr | hart, stag (m) |
| Hjǫrvarðr | Horvarth (personal name) |
| hjú | household (n pl) |
| hlað | pavement (in front of homestead) (n) |
| hlaða | barn (f) |
| hlaða | load; pile (v) |
| hladhqnd | clean hands |
| hlæja | smile; laugh (v) |
| hlakka | scream; cry (v) |
| hlam | clashed, clanged (v) |
| hlátr | laughter (m) |
| hlaup | run; running; taka hlaup - take a run; (n) |
| hlaupa | leap, spring; run; climb; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) |
| Hleiðargarðr | Hleiðargarð, the court of Hrolf Kraki; Hleithargarth, Lejre |
| Hleiðra | modern Lejre in Denmark; royal seat of king Hrolf Kraki |
| Hlévangr | Hlevang (personal name), Lee-plain |
| hleypa | gallop; make run; break up (the court) (v) |
| hlið | side; mountain-side, hill-side; slope (f) |
| Hliðarendi | Hlidarendi, Slope's End (place name) |
| Hliðskjálf | Hlidskjalf, the seat on which Odin sits in his hall Valaskjálf |
| hlíf | shield; cover, protection; shelter (f) |
| hlifa, hlifá | protect, shelter; show mercy (v) |
| hlíta | trust, rely on (v) |
| hljóð | silence, hearing (n) |
| hljóðlyndr | taciturn (adj) |
| hljóðr | silent, quiet (adj) |
| hljóta | receive; get (as one's lot); be allocated; result; be obliged to (v) |
| hlœgi-ligr | laughable (adj) |
| hlœgja | gladden (v) |
| hlǫkk | clash; battle |
| hlǫm | sound (crashing sound) |
| Hlórriði | Thor (poetic) (m) |
| hlunnr, hlummr | oar handle (ship/sailing term) |
| hluta | get (as one's lot); cast lots; hlutask til - interfere in, take part in; lutapi bort - decide by lot who was to depart; hlutaðr til - selected by lot (v) |
| hluti | fate; lot; part; mestr hluti - most of (m) |
| hlutr | part, piece, thing; portion; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) |
| hlut-skipti | sharing of booty (n) |
| hlyða | prosper (v) |
| hlýða (dd) | listen to, hear; (impers.) be allowable; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) |
| hlýðni | obedience; assistance (f) |
| hneggja | neigh (v) |
| hneppr | scant |
| hneykja | shame (f) |
| hníga | sink; fall gently; (ppart.) open; hniginn í aldr - elderly, advanced in years (v) |
| hnipinn | downcast, drooping (adj) |
| hnit | clash (n) |
| hnjóða | rivet, to clench rivets (v) |
| hnjósku-lindi | belt of tinder or amadou ("tinder fungus", useful for starting slow-burning fires) (m) |
| hnoss | ornament, costly thing (n) |
| hnúka | sit cowering (v) |
| hnykkja (ð, t) | pull violently, yank (v) |
| hodd-dofi | stinginess (m) |
| hœfa (ð) | befall (v) |
| hœgindi | pillow, cushion (n) |
| hœgr | easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) |
| hœgri | right (adj) |
| hœla | praise, flatter, boast of (v) |
| Hœnir | Hoenir, a god (m) |
| hœnsa | chicken |
| hœnsn | hens (n pl) |
| hœta | threaten (v) |
| hœttr | dangerous |
| hof | farm, farmstead; temple (n) |
| hóf | proportion; at hófi - tolerably (n) |
| hǫfðingh_legr (‡) | princely |
| hǫfðingi | leader; chieftain; captain; chief, ruler (m) |
| hǫfðingja-sonr | son of a chief (m) |
| hǫfðingliga | generously; in princely fashion (adv) |
| hǫfgi | sleep, drowsiness |
| höfn, hǫfn | harbor; holding, possession (f) |
| Hofsland | the Hof estate (n) |
| Hófsmaðr | just man; man of moderation (m) |
| Hofsverjar | the people of Hof (m pl) |
| höfuð, hǫfuð | head; person (n) |
| höfuðbenda, hofurbendur | shroud (ship/sailing term) |
| hǫfuðdúkr | hood |
| höfuðsbani | death (m) |
| hǫfuð-smátt | opening for the head (in a garment) (f) |
| höfuðstaðr | chief place; capital (m) |
| hǫfuðstafn | prow; beak (m) (ship/sailing term) |
| högg, hǫgg | blow, stroke, chop; beheading, execution; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) |
| hǫgg-fœri | striking distance, reach of the sword (n) |
| hǫgg-orrosta | close hand-to-hand fight (f) |
| höggspjót | broad-bladed spear (n) |
| höggva, hǫggva | strike (a blow); cut, chop, hack, hew; behead; slaughter; carve; hǫggva til - strike (at); hǫggva í - smite against or into, cleave (v) |
| hōgh-tiið (‡) | holy day (f) |
| hógvær | gentle (adj) |
| hol | hole, hollow (n) |
| hold | flesh (n) |
| hǫlðr, hǫldr | man, hero (m) |
| hǫlkn | flat, hard rock (n) |
| hóll | hill, hillock, knoll (m) |
| Hóll | Hol, hill (place name) (m) |
| höll, hǫll | hall; há foldar hǫll - the high hall of the world, the heavens (f) |
| hollr | loyal (adj) |
| Hólmgarðr | Holmgard, modern Novgorod (place name) |
| Hólmgarðsfari | voyager to Hólmgarðr (m) |
| holr | hollow (adj) |
| hol-sár | wound in a vital part (n) |
| holt | wood, woodland, forest; rough, stony hill or ridge (n) |
| hon | she (pron) |
| hǫnd, hönd | hand, arm and hand; side, part; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) |
| hǫndla | seize; lay hands on (v) |
| hopas til (‡) | put hope in (v) |
| Hörðaland | Hordaland (place name) (n) |
| hórdómr | adultery, whoredom (m) |
| horfa | turned in a certain direction; gaze; look (in a particular direction); horfa á - look at; hversu horfir - what turn things have taken (v) |
| hǫrfa (að) | recoil; give way (v) |
| hǫrgr | sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), (stone) altar, temple |
| horn | horn; drinking horn; corner (n) |
| Hornbori | Hornbori (personal name) |
| hörr, hǫrr | flax, linen, bow-string (m) |
| horskr | wise, sensible (adj) |
| hōs (‡) | near, by (prep) |
| Höskuldsstaðir | Hoskuldsstadir, Hoskuld's farmstead (place name) |
| hǫss (van) | gray (adj) |
| hósti | cough (m) |
| hót | bit, whit (n) |
| hóti | slightly, a little (adv) |
| hǫttr | hood (m) |
| Höttr, Hǫttr | Hott (personal name), Hood (the Masked One) (m) |
| hǫuss (‡) | skull (m) |
| hoystr (‡) | highest (adj) |
| hraðliga | quickly (adv) |
| hraðr | swift; fresh (adj) |
| hræ | corpse (of the slain in battle), dead body, carrion (n) |
| hræða (dd) | frighten; (refl.) be afraid of, be frightened (v) |
| hræddr | frightened, afraid (adj) |
| hræzla | fear, terror (f) |
| hrafn | raven (m) |
| hrafnasueltir | coward (raven starver) |
| hrakning | humiliation; insult (f) |
| hramm-þviti | gold, 'arm stone' (m) |
| Hrani | Hrani (personal name) |
| hrapa (að) | rush (v) |
| hrapalliga | headlong (adv) |
| hrata (að) | tumble, fall (v) |
| hraun | lava; boulder-strewn rocky ground (n) |
| hraustliga | bravely (adv) |
| hraustligr | dauntless; strong of heart (adj) |
| hraustr | brave, stout-hearted (adj) |
| Hreðmarr | Hreidmar (personal name); the father of Otr, Fafnir and Regin (m) |
| hregg | storm, storm and rain (n) |
| hreinn | reindeer (m) |
| hrekja | drive away; hrekja af máli - force one to abandon a lawsuit; hrekjask fyrir - be confounded by (v) |
| hrelling | affliction (f) |
| hreppa | catch; obtain (v) |
| hreyfa | move, stir (v) |
| hreysti | courage, valor (f) |
| hreystimaðr | champion, a valiant man (m) |
| hríð | time, while; storm; attack, battle; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) |
| hrim | rime (n) |
| hrímþurs | frost-giant (m) |
| Hrímþursar | the Frost Giants (m pl) |
| hrína | neigh; hrina við - neigh to a horse (v) |
| hrinda | push, shove; drive, drift; ratt af sér - threw off (v) |
| hringa-brynja | mail coat of rings (f) |
| Hringariki | Hringariki (place name) (n) |
| hring-brjótr | ring distributor (m) |
| hringr | ring, circle (m) |
| hrista (t) | shake (v) |
| hrjóða | clear (of defenders), strip (v) |
| hrjóta | roll, fly, spring; snore (v) |
| hrodi | snot |
| hróðr (rs) | praise; encomium (m) |
| hrœra (ð) | move, stir (v) |
| hrœsinn | boastful (adj) |
| hrøkkva | fall back, recoil (v) |
| Hrólfr | Hrolf (personal name); Hrólfr kraki - Hrolf Kraki, legendary Danish king (m) |
| hrósa | praise; boast (v) |
| hross | horse; mare (n) |
| hrossakjǫt | horse-flesh (n) |
| Hrotti | the name of a sword (m) |
| hrúga | heap |
| Hrungnir | Hrungnir, a giant killed by Thor with his hammer (m) |
| hrútr | ram (m) |
| Hrútsstaðr | Hrutsstadir (place name); Hrut's farmstead (m) |
| hryggr | back |
| hrynja | fall, collapse; flow, stream; fall loosely (of clothing); látum und honum hryja lukla - let keys jangle about him; hrynja á hæla - shut upon one's heels (v) |
| húð | hide (f) |
| huð-fat | leather hammock (n) |
| huð-keipr | skin-covered canoe (m) |
| húfr | hull (ship/sailing term) |
| huga (að) | think out, excogitate (v) |
| hugall | thoughtful (adj) |
| hugarbót | consolation (f) |
| huggan | comfort, consolation (f) |
| huglausi | cowardly |
| hugleikinn | entranced, in a trance; intense(ly) |
| hugr | mind; mood; thought; heart; desire; spirit; temper; courage; koma í hug - occur to one; hafa í hug - intend; heart,spirit; í hugum góðum - glad at heart; courage; hugar eigandi - courageous; desire; í hug - to one's mind; leggja allan hug á - set one's whole heart on (m) |
| hug-ró | clinch on a sword's hilt (f) |
| hugsa (að) | consider, think over; determine (v) |
| hugsjúkr | distressed, anxious, worried (adj) |
| hulða | sheath, cover (f) |
| hunangsfall | honey-dew (f) |
| hundr | hound, dog (m) |
| hundrað | hundred; tólfrætt hundrað = 120; tírætt hundrað = 100 (n) |
| hungr | hunger; svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (m) |
| huræ | how? |
| hurð | door (f) |
| hurðarflaki | hurdle (m) |
| hús | house; room of house (n); farm (n pl) |
| húsabœr | farmstead (m) |
| húsfreyja | lady of the house; housewife (f) |
| hūs-frūghæ (‡) | wife (house wife) (f) |
| húsgørð | house-building (f) |
| húskarl | servant, retainer; farmhand; king's man (m) |
| hús-konæ (‡) | bondwoman (f) |
| húsl | sacrifice (n) |
| hūþ-strȳkæ (‡) | beat, flog (v) |
| hvaðan | whence, from where, from everywhere (adv) |
| hværr-tveggja (‡) | both, each of two (pron) |
| hvalkváma | stranding of a whale (f) |
| hváll | hill, hillock, knoll (m) |
| hvalnum | whale (m) |
| hvalr | whale (m) |
| hvalrif | whale-rib (n) |
| hvar | where; everywhere; hvar sem - wherever (adv) |
| hvarfa (að) | walk, go (v) |
| hvargi | everywhere; hvargi sem - wherever, wheresoever (adv) |
| hvárgi | neither (of two) (adj pron); hvárki…né - neither…nor (conj) |
| hvárr | both; who, which (of two)?; each (of two); at hváru - yet, however (pron and adj) |
| hvárrtvegi, hvárrtvegja | both, each of two (pron) |
| hvárt | whether; (introduces direct question); however; hvart er - can it be? (adv) |
| hvass | sharp, keen; prickly (adj) |
| hvassara | more keenly (adv) |
| hvat | what; vel hvat - everything; hvat sem - whatever (pron) |
| hvata | go; hasten (v) |
| hvati | one who incites; hvati hjǫrleiks - bold warrior (m) |
| hvatki | whatsoever |
| hvatvetna | anything whatever; everything (pron) |
| hvé | how? (adv) |
| hveðrungr | monster (m) |
| hveim | to whom, for whom (pron) |
| hveitiakr | wheat-field (m) |
| hveiti-ax | ear of wheat (n) |
| hverfa | disappear; be lost, be missing; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) |
| hverfr | changeable (n) |
| hverfr | quickly (adv) |
| hvergi | nowhere; not at all; nowhere on (adv) |
| hvergi, hverrgi | each, every one (pron) |
| hvernig, hvernug | how, in what way (adv) |
| hverr | who, which?; what; each, every, all; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) |
| hversdagliga | commonly, usually (adv) |
| hversu | how, however; just how (adv) |
| hvert | to where, whither; hvert er - whithersoever (adv) |
| hvessa | sharpen; hvessa augun á - look keenly at, glare at (v) |
| hvetja | whet, sharpen; encourage (v) |
| hví | why? (adv) |
| hvíla | bed (f) |
| hvíla (ð, d) | rest, lie, sleep (v) |
| hvílð | rest, pause |
| Hvinir | Hvinir (place name) |
| hvirfill | crown of the head (m) |
| hvíta-aurr | mud (white mud) (?) |
| hvít-faldinn | with white headdress |
| hvítingr | drinking-horn (m) |
| hvítna | become white (v) |
| hvítr | white, shining (adj) |
| hwæim (‡) | to whom |
| hwalf (‡) | vault (n) |
| hwilkæn (‡) | whever; he who (pron) |
| hȳ-bȳli | homestead, home (n pl) |
| hyggiandi | thought, intellect, mind |
| hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) | think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mælaak - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) |
| hylja | bury, cover over, conceal, hide (v) |
| hylli | loyalty, allegiance, favor; grace (f) |
| hylr | hole, pool (m) |
| hyrr | fire (m) |
| Hyrrokkin | Hyrrokkin, a giantess killed by Thor |
| í | in, within; at (position); during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| ī (‡) | you (pron) |
| í braut, í brott | away (adv) |
| í korni | squirrel (m) |
| í nánd | nearby (adv) |
| í samt | in a row (adv) |
| í sundr | asunder (adv) |
| í því | at that time (adv) |
| iæmbling (‡) | anniversary, return of the same time in a year (f) |
| iæten (‡) = jǫtunn | giant |
| iak (‡) | I |
| Iari | Iari (personal name) |
| Iðavǫllr | Ithavale (place name) |
| iðgjǫld | compensation (n pl) |
| idhe-līkr (‡) | diligent (adj) |
| iðja | do, perform (v) |
| iðja | work, task (f) |
| iðjumaðr | hard-working man (m) |
| iðn | occupation, work (f) |
| iðrask | repent of (v) |
| iem-līca (‡) | constantly (adv) |
| ierl (‡) | earl = jarl (m) |
| igða | nuthatch (f) |
| íhuga | consider, try to decide (v) |
| íhugi | resentment (m) |
| illa | ill, badly (adv) |
| illi-ligr | ugly, hideous |
| illmæli | slander, calumny (n) |
| illr | bad, evil; ugly, unpleasing; difficult; gørask ilt til - become badly off for; varð þeim ǫllum ilt af - it made them all sick; ilt - evil (counsel, treatment, etc.) (adj) |
| illska | badness; cruelty (f) |
| illskaelda | plagiarizer |
| illt | evil (treatment) (f) |
| ill-viðri | foul weather (n) |
| i muntlauki | hand-washing bowl (n) |
| Ingibjörg | Ingibjorg (personal name); Ingibjörg Hróðgeirsdóttir ins hvita - Ingibjorg, daughter of Hrodgeir the White (f) |
| Ingjaldr | Ingjald (personal name); Ingjaldr tryggvi - Ingjald the True (m) |
| Ingófr | Ingolf |
| Ingólfsfell | Ingolf's Fell |
| Ingólfshǫfði | Ingolf's Head |
| in-lændær (‡) | native (m) |
| inn | in, into (motion toward); within (adv) |
| inn, in, it | the (art) |
| inna | relate; tell; accomplish; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v) |
| innan | into; within; (prep) |
| innan | from within, outward (adv) |
| innanlands | within the land, at home (as opposed to abroad) (adv) |
| innar | farther in |
| innganga | entrance (f) |
| inni | within, inside; in-doors; within the house (adv) |
| inniliga | exactly, minutely |
| inoborna | unborn |
| iord-rīke (‡) | this world (n) |
| iǫrovǫllr | field (stony or gravelly); Stonyvales |
| iōrthæs (æth) (‡) | be buried |
| iǫtunheimr | realm of the giants |
| iǫtunn | giant |
| ir (‡) | is |
| írakonungr | King of the Irish (m) |
| írland | Ireland (n) |
| Írskr | Irish (adj) |
| ísabrot | ice breaking; við ísa-brot - when the ice broke up (in the spring) (n) |
| Ísland | Iceland (n) |
| Ísleifr | Isleif |
| Íslendingabók | Book of the Icelanders (f) |
| íslenzkr | Icelandic (adj) |
| íss | ice, icicle (m) |
| ístra | paunch-fat |
| istrumagi | gut (fat gut) |
| it | you two (pron) |
| íþrótt | accomplishment |
| Ívarr | Ivar (personal name ) (m) |
| íviðia | witch, 'she who dwells in the wood', giantess |
| iwir-mænn (‡) | superiors, lords (m pl) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| já | yes |
| já (ð) | say 'yes', agree to (v) |
| jaðarr | edge (m) |
| jafn | even, equal (adj) |
| jafna (að) | smooth, even out, tidy, trim; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) |
| jafnaðr | justice, equality (m) |
| jafnan | ever, always, constantly, equally (adv) |
| jafn-berr | exposed equally, naked or unprotected (adj) |
| jafn-breiðr | equally broad |
| jafn-djúpvitr | as deep-witted, as deep-scheming, as resourceful (adj) |
| jafn-dœgri | equinox, equal length of day and night (n) |
| jafngamall | as old, of the same age (adj) |
| jafningi | equal (m) |
| jafn-langr | length (of equal length) |
| jafn-mikill | equally great, just as much |
| jafn-nær | equally near, midway between |
| jafn-skjótt | at once; jafn-skjótt sem - as soon as |
| jafn-skǫruliga | so notably, so manfully |
| jafn-snimma | at the same time |
| jafn-sœtr | equally sweet |
| jafnspakir | equally wise |
| jafnungr | as young (adj) |
| jafn-vel | even; as well |
| jara | battle (f) |
| jarðfastr | fixed in the earth |
| jarð-hús | underground (n) |
| jarðligr | earthly; worldly |
| jarl | earl; free-born man, gentleman (m) |
| jarlsriki | an earldom (n) |
| jarmr | screaming (m) |
| jarmun-grund | expanse of the earth; Ondils jarmun-grund - the sea (f) |
| jarn, járn | iron, weapon (n) |
| járnleikr | battle, play of iron (m) |
| járnsmiðr | iron-smith (m) |
| jartegn | token, evidence, proof (of a thing) (n) |
| játa | agree to, say 'yes' (v) |
| jǫfnuðr | equality, equal share (m) |
| jǫfurr | king; prince (m) |
| jǫkull | glacier; ice; icicle (m) |
| jól | Yule, midwinter heathen feast, later applied to Christmas (n pl) |
| jóla-aptann | Christmas Eve |
| Jörð | Earth, as goddess and mother of Thor (f) |
| jörð, jǫrð | earth, world; ground, soil; land (f) |
| Jörmundgandr | Jormundgand, name of the Midgard Serpent, the world serpent (m) |
| Jórsalafarar | crusaders (m pl) |
| jǫru-fægir | warrior |
| Jótland | Jutland (place name) (n) |
| Jötunheimr | the land of the giants (m pl) |
| jǫtun-móðr | rage (giant's rage) |
| jǫtunn | giant (m) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| kaðall | cable, twisted rope (m) |
| kæmpe (‡) | champion (m) |
| kæra | accuse, lay a charge against (v) |
| kærleikr | affection, friendship (m) |
| kærr | dear, close, beloved (adj) |
| kæsia (‡) | halberd (one type of halberd), long spear (f) |
| kala | be cold, become cold, freeze (v) |
| Kaldbak | Cold-Back Mountain (n) |
| Kaldbeklingar | men of Kaldbek (m pl) |
| kaldr | cold (adj) |
| kálfr | calf (m) |
| kálfskinn-skór | calf-skin shoe (m) |
| kalla | say, declare; call, cry out; name (v) |
| kam | came |
| kambr | comb (m) |
| kamphundr | carrion eater |
| kann | search (v) |
| kanna (að) | search, explore, find out about; kannask við - recognize (v) |
| kapp | contest, competition; spirit, ardor, courage |
| kapp | arch |
| kappi | champion, hero (m) |
| kar | vessel, tub (n) |
| karfi | ship; fast coastal rowing ship; a middle-sized cargo and troop ship (m) |
| karl | man; old man; common man; churl; Þorsteinn karl - old Thorstein, old man Thorstein - (m) |
| karlmaðr | man (m) |
| kasta (að) | throw, cast (v) |
| kastali | castle (m) |
| kátr | cheerful; merry (adj) |
| katt-skinn | cat-skin and fur (n) |
| kattskinn-glófi | glove of catskin (m) |
| kaun | sore, boil (n) |
| kaup | bargain; wages; vera af kaupi - forfeit the reward (n) |
| kaupa | buy; make a bargain; dýrt kaupa - pay dearly for; kaupa at - pay, hire (v) |
| kaupeyrir | trade goods, wares, articles of trade (m) |
| kaupmaðr | trader, merchant (m) |
| kaup-staðr | market town (m) |
| kaupstefna | market (f) |
| Keila | Keila, a giantess killed by Thor (f) |
| keipla-brot | wreckage or pieces of (Greenland) canoes (n) |
| keipr | boat (small boat), canoe; sledge-runner (m) |
| kelda, kiælda | fountain, spring (f) |
| kengr | bend, arch; arbitration; beygði kenginn - arched its back (m) |
| kenna (d) | know; perceive; taste; feel; recognize; name, tell; teach; attribute; kenna at - recognize by; þar sem holta kendi - wherever there was woodland; hvar ru kendir - name, tell; teach (v) |
| kenning | poetical periphrasis or metaphor (f) |
| kenningarnafn | nickname (n) |
| kenningar-son | alleged son (m) |
| kenni-Valr | adventurous steed (m) |
| kerling | hag (old hag), old woman (f) |
| ketill | cauldron (m) |
| Ketill | Ketil (personal name) |
| ki | not |
| kið | kid, young goat (n) |
| kiðja-mjólk | goat's beestings (f) |
| kikna (að) | weaken (give way at the knees) (v) |
| Kíli | Kili (personal name) |
| kind | child; baby; offspring, progeny, family, kin |
| kinn | cheek |
| kinn-hestr | blow in the face (m) |
| kippa (ð, t) | pull, jerk; snatch, pick up; rend (v) |
| kirkja | church (f) |
| kista | chest, box (f) |
| Kjallandi | Kjallandi, giant killed by Thor (f) |
| kjóll | ship (poetic) (m) |
| kjǫlr | keel (m) |
| kjǫptr | jaw (m) |
| kjósa | choose, select; pick out something for someone, determine; acquire something for someone; kjósa sik hér - prefer to be here (v) |
| klæða (dd) | clothe; get dressed (v) |
| klæði | cloth, garment (n); clothing (n pl) |
| klaka (að) | chatter (v) |
| klakk-laust | without injury (adv) |
| klappa | knock (v) |
| klettr | rock, crag (m) |
| klífa | climb (v) |
| Klifshagi | Klifshagi (place name), Cliff Meadow (m) |
| kljúfa | cleave, split (up) (v) |
| klofna (að) | split, be cloven (v) |
| klóra | scratch (v) |
| klyf | pack (for a horse) (f) |
| klyfja (að) | load (a horse) with pack-saddles (v) |
| klýpa (ð) | pinch (v) |
| kná (knátta) | can, be in a position to; be able to; may; could (v) |
| knáliga | hardily, vigorously (adv) |
| knáligr | hardy, vigorous (adj) |
| knappr | knob (m) |
| knarr/knörr/knarr | ship (cargo ship); merchant vessel; ocean-going trader |
| knattarbarki | ship, (nail-)studded ship |
| kné | knee (n) |
| kneppa (t) | fasten, button; pull (v) |
| kneyfa | drink in large gulps (v) |
| knífr | knife (m) |
| knǫð | duty |
| knoða (að) | knead (v) |
| knörr (knarrar) | ship (cargo ship); merchant vessel (m) |
| knǫttr | ball, sphere (m) |
| knúi | knuckle (m) |
| knúta | knuckle-bone (f) |
| knútr | knot (m) |
| Knútr | Knut (personal name); Knútr inn riki - King Canute the Great (m) |
| knyja, knýja | struggle; exert oneself; press, urge on, compel, force; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) |
| kœrr | dear |
| kǫgur-sveinn | infant (m) |
| kol | charcoal, coals, cinders (n pl) |
| kólf-skot | arrow shot distance (n) |
| kollóttr | bald (adj) |
| kollr | top, summit; head (m) |
| koma | come, arrive; reach; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) |
| kom-at | has not come (v) |
| kompān (‡) | companion (m) |
| kona | woman; wife (f) |
| kǫngull | bunch, cluster (m) |
| Konunga-ævi | Kings' Lives, Life (Story) of the Kings |
| konunga-stefna | meeting of kings (f) |
| konungdómr | kingdom (m) |
| konunge-dømæ (‡) | kingdom (n) |
| konunghs-leker (‡) | kingly (adj) |
| konung-maðr | king’s man |
| konungr, kunung(h)r (‡) | king (m) |
| konungs-garðr | king’s hall and court |
| konungsson | prince (m) |
| kǫpuryrði | boasting (n pl) |
| korn | corn; grain; seed (n) |
| kors (‡) | cross (n) |
| körtr | short, stocky man (nickname) (m) |
| kǫssungr, kossungr | jacket (sleeveless) (m) |
| kosta | put forth effort; cost; kosta rásar - run at great speed (v) |
| kostnaðr | cost, expense (m) |
| kostr | choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) |
| køt (‡) | flesh (n) |
| kǫttr, köttr | cat (m) |
| køuærne (‡) | dog (a little one) (n) |
| kráka | crow (f) |
| kraki | pole-ladder; stake (m) |
| kraptr | strength (m) |
| krás | delicacy, dainty (of food) (f) |
| krefja | ask; crave, claim, demand; demand of; krefja máls - ask speech of one (v) |
| krellr | spirit; hardihood (m) |
| krikta | complain, cry out (v) |
| kringla | circle, disk, orb (f) |
| Kristinn | Christian (adj) |
| Kristni | Christianity (f) |
| Kristr | Christ (m) |
| krjúpa | creep, crouch (v) |
| krókr | hook (m) |
| krǫptugr | strong (adj) |
| kross | cross (m) |
| Krossavík | Krossavik, Cross Bay or Inlet, presumably an inlet where a cross was erected, a farmstead (f) |
| kuensami | skirt chaser |
| kuīgha (‡) | heifer (f) |
| kúla | hump, hunchback (f) |
| kumbl | burial monument, mound or cairn (frequently used on Danish or Swedish rune stones in the plural); sepulchral monument (n) |
| kunna | know, know how to; be able; feel (an emotion); blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) |
| kunnandi | knowledge, acccomplishments (f) |
| kunnigr | known; wise; versed in magic; honum var kunnigt í - he had knowledge of (adj) |
| kunningi | acquaintance (m) |
| kunnr | known; better known (adj) |
| kunnusta | knowledge, ability (f) |
| kurteisliga | courteously, with dignity (adv) |
| kurteiss | courteous, well-bred (adj) |
| kussari | corsair (pirates who operated along the Barbary Coast of North Africa) (m) |
| kvæði | poem (n) |
| kváma | arrival (f) |
| kván | wife (f) |
| kvángaðr | married |
| kvángask | marry (v) |
| kvánlauss | unmarried |
| kveða | speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) |
| kveðja | greeting, salute (f) |
| kveðja (kvaddi) | greet, salute; kveðja (upp) - call up, summon (v) |
| kveisa | boil (f) |
| kveisu-nagli | core of a boil (m) |
| kveld | evening; at kveldi - at nightfall; í kveldi - this evening; um kveldit - the evening before (n) |
| kvelda (að), kveldar | evening draws in (v) |
| kveldsǫngr | evensong, vespers (m) |
| Kveld-Úlfr | Kveld-Ulf (personal name), Night Wolf (m) |
| kvenna | women, wives (f pl) |
| kvennalið | women (n) |
| kvenn-skikkja | woman's cloak (f) |
| kvennváðir | women's clothing (f pl) |
| kverk | the angle below the chin (f) |
| kveykva, kveikti | kindle, light (v) |
| kví | sheepfold (f) |
| kvía-garðr | wall of a sheepfold (m) |
| kviðlingr | ditty, short verse (m) |
| kviðr | belly (m) |
| kvikindi | animals; living being, creature (n) |
| kvikr | alive, living (adj) |
| kvikvendi | living creature (n) |
| kvilla | sickness (f) |
| kvisa (að) | whisper (v) |
| kvistr | twig, branch (m) |
| kvǫð | duty; ák hróðrs of kvǫð - a song of praise is due from me (f) |
| kykr | living, alive, animate (adj) |
| kykvendi | animal, beast, living creature (n); animals, beasts, living creatures (n pl) |
| kýll | bag, knapsack (m) |
| kyn | kin, kindred, origin, kind (n) |
| kyn-kvísl | descendants; lineage (f) |
| kyn-ligr | strange, wondrous (adj) |
| kynslóð | family line, progeny |
| kýr | cow (f) |
| kyrr | quiet; hafa kyrt um sik, sitja um kyrt - remain quiet |
| kyrtill | kirtle, tunic (m) |
| kyssa (t) | kiss (v) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| lá | blood, ruddiness, vital warmth |
| læ | harm, destruction, misfortune, bane; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n) |
| lægæ_dōm (‡) | medicine (m) |
| lægð | low ground, low place (f) |
| lægð | low place, low ground (f) |
| lægh (‡) | law (f pl) |
| læging | disgrace; humiliation (f) |
| lægja (ð) | lower; (impers.) sink (v) |
| læknir | physician (m) |
| længæ | desire (v) |
| lær-leggr | thigh-bone |
| læsa | lock, shut up (v) |
| læti | bearing, gestures, manner; voice; noise (n pl) |
| lag | stab, thrust; layer, position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) |
| lág | log (f) |
| lagit, lagt | placed |
| lag-maþær (‡) | lawman (m) |
| lágr | small, low (adj) |
| lagsmaðr | companion (m) |
| lama-sess | helpless state (m) |
| lambskinns-kofri | hood of lamb-skin (m) |
| land | land; country; estate (n) |
| landaleitan | exploration (f) |
| landauðn | depopulation (f) |
| landaurar | land-dues; a tax paid by Icelanders to the king upon arrival in Norway (m pl) |
| landi | fellow-countryman (m) |
| land-kostr | quality of the land (m) |
| landnám | settlement, lit land-taking (n) |
| Landnámabók | Book of Settlements (f) |
| landnámamaðr, landnámsmaðr | settler, lit land-take-man (the term refers to both women and men) (m) |
| land-norðr | north-east, 'inland north' |
| land-nyrðingr | north-east wind (m) |
| landráð | the government of the land (n) |
| land-skjálpti | earthquake (m) |
| lands-kostr | resources or quality (good) of a country (m) |
| landskyld | land tax, property tax (f) |
| lands-lǫg | law of the land (n pl) |
| lands-maðr | inhabitant or native of a country, countryman (m) |
| lands-nytjar | produce of the land (f pl) |
| landsréttr | the law of the land, customary rights (m) |
| land-suðr | south-east, 'inland south' (n) |
| langeldar | long fires (down the middle of the hall) (m pl) |
| langfeðgar | forefathers, ancestors (through the father's line) (m pl) |
| langháls | long-necked (nickname) (m) |
| langlífr | long-lived (adj) |
| langniðiar | family tree (long line of forefathers or long line of descendants) |
| langr | long (of distance and time) (adj) |
| langskip | warship |
| langt | length (a long way); for a long time (adv) |
| lasta | blame, speak ill of (v) |
| láta | put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off, leave off, give up, lose; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; allege that, confess that; lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) |
| látinn | dead, deceased (adj) |
| Laufey | goddess, known only as the mother of Loki (f) |
| laufgrœnn | leaf-green, verdant (adj) |
| laufsblað | leaf (n) |
| laug | bath; hot spring (f) |
| lauga (að) | bathe (v) |
| laugar-dagr | Saturday, 'bathing day' (m) |
| laukr | leek; (general) plant |
| laun | reward (n pl) |
| laun | secrecy (f); á laun - secretly (adv) |
| launa | reward (v) |
| laun-dyrr | secret door (f pl) |
| lausafé | movable property, as opposed to lands or even to land and cattle (n) |
| lausang | lying, falsehood; falseness (f) |
| laus-eygr | with roving eyes (adv) |
| lauss | free; loose; unimpeded; free of obligation; unsteady; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) |
| lausung | falseness (f) |
| lax | salmon (m) |
| Laxárdalr | Laxardal (place name), Salmon Valley (m) |
| ledrhals | leather neck |
| leðr-hosa | leather bag (f) |
| leggja | place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) |
| leggr | bone (hollow bone of arms and legs); leg; leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) |
| leið | road, path; way, journey; manner, fashion (f) |
| leiða (dd) | lead; make tired of; become tired of (v) |
| leiðangr | ship; naval forces |
| Leiði | Leid, a giant killed by Thor (m) |
| leiðitamr | genial; easily led, compliant (adj) |
| leiðr | hateful (adj) |
| leifa (ð) | leave, leave as heritage, leave after death; leave behind, abandon, relinquish; leifðu at sik - left in themselves, lost in death (v) |
| leiga (ð) | hire, rent (v) |
| leika | play, sport; move to and fro; be current; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) |
| leikr | game, sport, contest, play; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) |
| leira | mud-flat (f) |
| leir-stokkinn | mud-spattered (adj) |
| leita (að) | seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) |
| leka | drip, dribble, leak (v) |
| lēkare (‡), lækari (‡) | minstrel, buffoon, fool (m) |
| lemja | maim; break; strike; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) |
| lendr | landed; describes one who has received a grant of land from a king; lendr maðr - landholder, nobleman (adj) |
| lengð | length (f) |
| lengi | long; far; a long time; for a long time; lengr - longer; lengst - longest; sem lengst - as long (or far) as he could (adv) |
| lengja (ð) | lengthen, prolong (v) |
| lengr | longer (time), for a longer time (adv) |
| lengra | longer (distance); farther (adv) |
| lengst | longest, for the longest time (adv) |
| lēnu (‡), lēonu (‡) | lion |
| leppr | lock of hair (m) |
| lérept | clothes; linen (n) |
| lesa | read, gather; express, concoct (v) |
| lesta (t) | injure (v) |
| letja (latti) | hinder, dissuade (v) |
| létta | stop, cease; lift; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) |
| leyðra | wash (v) |
| leyfa | permit, allow; praise (v) |
| leyfi | permission, leave (n) |
| leyna (d) | hide, conceal; leynask - hide oneself, be concealed; leynask í brott, leynask í burt - steal away, leave (v) |
| leysa | loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; purchase; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) |
| lið | people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) |
| líða | move, go; pass (usually of time), progress; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) |
| liði | follower (m) |
| liðr | joint; leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) |
| lið-sinni | help (n) |
| lið-veizla | help; support (f) |
| líf | life; lífs - alive; á lífi - alive; lífit á leggja - lay down one's life (n) |
| lifa (ð) | live (v) |
| lífdagar | life (m pl) |
| líflát | death, loss of life (n) |
| liflátinn | dead (adj) |
| lífs | alive (adj) |
| lift | allowable to live (adj) |
| līfwerne (‡) | conduct of life (n) |
| liggja | lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) |
| lík, lik | corpse, body (n) |
| líka (að) | please, be pleasing; láta sér líka - allow oneself to be satisfied (v) |
| líkami | body (m) |
| líki | equal; like (m) |
| líki | shape, form; body (n) |
| líkindi | trace; likelihood (n pl) |
| líkligr | likely, probable (adj) |
| líknsamr | merciful (adj) |
| líknstafr | statement (favorable statement), esteem, warm regard |
| líkr, glíkr | like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) |
| lík-sproti | spar for bracing sail |
| limar | limbs, branches (f pl) |
| lími | branch; bow; besom (broom) (m) |
| lín | flax; linen, linen garment; bride's veil (n) |
| lína | bowline, rope; line; bridal veil; linen headdress (f) |
| Línakradalr | Linakradale (place name), Valley of Linen Fields (m) |
| lind | lime-tree; shield (f) |
| linr | kindly (adv) |
| liónar | people (pl.) |
| list | art (f) |
| líta | look; see; seem; regard; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) |
| litask (að) | litask um - look about (v) |
| lítill | little, short; lítill fyrir sér - weak, of no account; lítla hrið - for a little while; lítlu - a little; lítlu siðar(r) - a little later (adj) |
| lítillátliga | humbly (adv) |
| litilmenni | mean fellow; one of little manhood (n) |
| lítilræði | trifle (n) |
| lítit | little (adv) |
| litklæði | colored (dyed) clothes |
| litlauss | colorless, pale (adj) |
| litr | looks, appearance; color(ing); complexion (m) |
| Litr | Lit (personal name), Wise |
| lítt | little; lítt til - little of; (adv) |
| ljá (léði) | lend; give (v) |
| ljóma (að) | shine (v) |
| ljómi | radiance (m) |
| ljós | light, lantern; burning light (n) |
| Ljósálfar | Light Elves (m pl) |
| ljós-jarpr | light chestnut (adj) |
| ljóss | clear; light, bright; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) |
| ljósta | strike; ljósta í hel - strike dead (v) |
| ljótr | ugly (n) |
| ljúga | lie, tell a lie; fail; false (v) |
| lǫð | invitation; hospitality (f) |
| loðbrók | shaggy-breeches (nickname) (f) |
| lodinkinni | shaggy hair |
| loðinn | hairy, furry (adj) |
| Lóðurr | Lothur (personal name) |
| lœkr | brook, stream (m) |
| lof | praise (n) |
| lofa (að) | praise; allow, permit (f) |
| Lofarr | Lofar (personal name) |
| lofðungr | prince, king (m) |
| lófi | palm of the hand; holr lófi - open palm (m) |
| lof-kvæði | poem of praise; encomium (n) |
| lofs-orð | word of praise (n) |
| lög, lǫg | law, laws; constitution |
| lóga | part with (v) |
| loga (að) | blaze (v) |
| lögberg, lǫgberg | law-rock (where the law was recited) (n) |
| logi | flame, fire; brenna loga - burn strongly, be ablaze (m) |
| log-kœnn | law capable (skilled in the law) |
| lǫgkœnn | skilled in the law |
| lögligr | legal, lawful (adj) |
| lögmaðr | lawman (m) |
| lǫgmál | legal procedure (m) |
| logn | calm (n) |
| logr | sea, water |
| lögretta | legislature at the Althing (f) |
| lögsögumaðr, lǫgsǫgumaðr | law-speaker of the assembly |
| lǫgvǫrn | defense at law (f) |
| lokhvila | locking bed-closet (f) |
| Loki | Loki, the trickster god (m) |
| lok-rekkja | locking bed-closet (f) |
| lǫn | row; hræs lanar - the rows of the slain (f) |
| löngu | long, far-off, constantly (adv) |
| lǫngubak | fishbelly |
| löngum | constantly, a long time (adv) |
| Lóni | Loni, Sea-pool |
| lopt | sky, air; heavens; aloft; upper room; í lopt - into the heavens; á lopt(i) - up; in(to) the air, aloft; taka spjót á lopti - catch a spear as it flies (n) |
| losna (að) | become loose; be broken; be torn up (v) |
| lostigr | willing (adj) |
| lúðr (rs) | trumpet (m) |
| lúfa | shaggy-hair (f) |
| lufa (aþ) (‡) | allow (v) |
| lúka | close; finish, end; use up; shut; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) |
| lund | manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) |
| lundr | grove (m) |
| lunga | lung (m) |
| lús | louse (f) |
| luste (‡), loste (‡) | desire (m) |
| lúta | bend down, bow; pay reverence to; lúta í - bend to; lúta ór horni - raise the head from the horn; lúta til - show deference to (v) |
| Lútr | Lutr, a giant killed by Thor (m) |
| lýðr | people (m); men (m pl) |
| lygi | lie, falsehood (f) |
| lygi-saga | fictitious tale (f) |
| lykð | end; at lykðum - at last (f) |
| lykill | key (m) |
| lykkja | knot; loop (f) |
| lyndis-bragð | temper (n) |
| lypta (t) | lift (v) |
| lypting | stern (high decked part of stern); poop-deck (f) (ship/sailing term) |
| lysa | dawn; illuminate; proclaim (v) |
| lysta | desire; wish (v) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| má (ð) | rub, shape by rubbing (v) |
| maðr, man, maþær | man; person; human being; husband; henchman (m) |
| mækir | sword; mækis á - stream of swords, advance of those carrying swords or blood (m) |
| mæla (t) | speak; mæla eptir - take up the prosecution for the slaying of _____ ; mæla í gregn - oppose; mæla í lǫgum - declare as law; mæla til - express a wish for, ask for; mæla við - speak to or with; mælask undan - beg to be spared (v) |
| mær | maiden, maid, girl, virgin (f) |
| mæra (ð) | praise (v) |
| mærð | praise; encomium (f) |
| mærr | famous, noble, glorious (adj) |
| magi | stomach |
| mágr | brother-in-law; relative by marriage; father-in-law; son-in-law (m) |
| magr (ran) | thin (adj) |
| mainsamr | harmful |
| má-k-at | I cannot |
| makligr | fitting, proper, becoming; deserving (adj) |
| makligr | fitting, deserved (adj) |
| makt (‡) | power, force (f) |
| mál | case; cause; |
| mál | speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) |
| mala | grind (v) |
| mála-ferli | lawsuits (n pl) |
| mála-flutningr | pleading of lawsuits (m) |
| mála-lykðir | conclusion of suits (f pl) |
| malm-hrið | battle, 'storm of metal' (f) |
| málmr, malmr | metal (m) |
| malm-þing | battle, 'meeting of weapons' (n) |
| mál-nyta | dairy cattle; milk cows, milch cows (f) |
| mál-stefna | conference (f) |
| man | thralls, house-folk (n) |
| mánaðr, mánuðr | month (m) |
| man-dōm (‡) | homage (m) |
| mang (‡), mangher (‡) | many (adj) |
| máni | moon (m) |
| manlíkan | human likeness or form, being in human shape |
| mannaðr | educated (well educated), accomplished (adj) |
| manna-forráð | authority (n) |
| manna-mót | meeting (n) |
| manna-vegr | road, way where men pass (m) |
| manna-vist | habitation (human) (f) |
| mann-blót | human sacrifice (n) |
| mann-boð | feast (n) |
| mann-broddr | spike (m) |
| mann-dráp | murder; manslaughter (n) |
| mann-fall | slaughter; loss of life (n) |
| mann-fólk | mankind; people (n) |
| manngi | no one, nobody; no man (pron) |
| mann-liga | valiantly, in manly wise (adv) |
| mann-ligr | human |
| manns-hönd | hand (a man's hand) (f) |
| mann-skaði | manslaughter (m) |
| mann-vænn | promising (adj) |
| mann-virðing | honor, credit (f) |
| mannvit | intelligence; human intelligence, common sense (n) |
| Már | Mar (personal name), Corpse |
| már, mór | gull, seagull; mew (m) |
| margbreytinn | fickle, capricious, unpredictable (adj) |
| margkunnigr | learned (in magic) (adj) |
| marglóð | gold (f) |
| margmenni | multitude, many (n) |
| marg-mennr | with many men |
| margr | many (adj); many a (with sing); many (with pl) |
| marg-spakr | wise (very wise), wise in many ways |
| mark | token, sign; lítit mark at - of little account (m) |
| marka | mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) |
| marr | horse, steed; sea (m) |
| martirium | martyrdom (n) |
| mástallr | sea, 'stall of the seagull' (m) |
| matar-illr | food stingy; niggardly with food (adj) |
| matask (að) | dine (eat a meal) |
| mat-borð | table laid with food (n) |
| mat-búa | cook, to prepare food (v) |
| mat-fǫng | supply of food (m pl) |
| mat-naðr | pride |
| matr | food; meal (m) |
| mat-sveinn | cook (m) |
| máttr | might; ability (m) |
| máttugr | mighty (adj) |
| maurr | ant; maurr haugr - ant-hill (m) |
| með | with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) |
| með | as well, with it; (adv) |
| meðal, á meðal, í meðal | among, between; okkar í meðal - between us (our deaths) (prep) |
| meðal-maðr | average man; meðal á vǫxt - middle-sized man (m) |
| meðal-snotr (ran) | clever, moderately or middling wise (adj) |
| meðan | while, as long as, whilst; in the meantime (adv) |
| meðan | in the meantime; (á) meðan - while, when (conj) |
| mega | can, may; be able to; má mér at - that may happen to me; vera má - it is possible; mega við - be able to withstand (v) |
| megin | strength; might, power, ability; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) |
| megin-gjarðar | Thor’s girdle of strength |
| megin-grimmr | terrible (adj) |
| megin-kátliga | most joyfully (adv) |
| megin-land | mainland (n) |
| meiða | maim (v) |
| meiða (dd) | injure, hurt, damage; maim; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) |
| meiðmar | treasures (f pl) |
| meiðr | pole, tree-trunk |
| mein | injury, pain, harm, hurt; disease, plague; koma at meini -do harm to (n) |
| meinfretr | stinkfart |
| mein-gefit | one is maliciously inclined |
| meinlauss | sinless (adj) |
| mein-samr | violent, harmful (adj) |
| meir(r) | more, more greatly (adv) |
| meiri | more, bigger (adj) |
| meizl | injury, mutilation (n) |
| mella | noose; [poetic] giantess (f) |
| mel-rakki | white (arctic) fox (m) |
| mel-torfa | turf knoll in the middle of barren ground (f) |
| men | treasure, necklace, jewel (n); jewels, treasures (n pl) |
| men (‡) | but (conj) |
| mengi | multitude, host (n) |
| menn | men (m, pl) |
| menn-skurð (‡) | lady, wearer of necklace (f) |
| mennt | accomplishment, art; hafa hluti til menntar - have good parts, possess talents (f) |
| menntr | well-bred, accomplished (adj) |
| menskr | human |
| mér, mir | me (to me) |
| mergr | marrow (m) |
| merki | boundary; banner, standard; token, mark, sign; sample; mikit merkjum - extensive, of wide expanse (n) |
| merkis-stǫng | standard-pole(f) |
| merr | mare (f) |
| mersing | brass (f) |
| mersin-spónn, mersingar-spón | spoon (brass spoon) (m) |
| messa | feast-day, mass |
| mest | mostly (adv) |
| mest-háttar | of the greatest importance |
| mestr | most, greatest (adj) |
| meta | evaluate, estimate, value; set a price (v) |
| metnaðar-gjarn | ambitious; eager for fame |
| metnaðr | glory |
| met-orð | esteem (n) |
| mettr | having finished a meal |
| meydómr | maidenhood, virginity (m) |
| meyla | girl (little girl) |
| Miðfjarðr-Skeggi | Skeggi of Midfjord (personal name) (m) |
| Miðfjörðr | Midfjord (place name) (m) |
| Miðgarðr | Midgard, Middle-Enclosure, Middle Earth; the world of men (m) |
| Miðgarðsormr | Midgard Serpent, the serpent Jörmungandr that encircles the earth (m) |
| miðla | share, hand out; distribute; mediate; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) |
| miðli, milli, millum | in; á miðli - between, among (adv) |
| miðnótt | midnight, also a roughly three-hour portion of the day beginning at midnight (f) |
| miðr | middle, the middle of (adj) |
| miðr-aptan | middle evening, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 p.m. (m) |
| mið-sumar | midsummer (n) |
| mikill | big, tall, great, large; much, very; severe; mikill fyrir sér - powerful, strong; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; miklu - much, by far (adj) |
| mikil-læti | pride, presumption (n) |
| mikil-látr | proud (adj) |
| mikil-úðligr | imposing, of distinguished appearance (adj) |
| mikinn | hard, fast (adv) |
| mikit | greatly (adv) |
| mikla (að) | gain fame, (mid.) acquire fame; make great (v) |
| Miklagarðr, Mikligarðr | Constantinople, Miklagard, 'mighty stronghold' (m) |
| miklimunnr | big, loud mouth |
| miklu | much (adv) |
| mildr | generous, merciful (adj) |
| milli | in; between (prep) |
| Mimir | mimir, one of the Æsir (m) |
| Mimisbrunnr | Mimisbrunn, the Well of Mimir (m) |
| mindri | smaller (adj) |
| minka | lessen, be diminished (v) |
| minn | my, mine, of me (pron) |
| minna | remind; minnir mik - I remember; minnask - remember, call to mind (v) |
| minni | less (adj) |
| minni | toast (usually in honor of the dead), memorial cup (n) |
| minstr | least (adj) |
| Minþakseyrr | Minthak's Shoal |
| Miǫðvitnir | Mjothvitnir, Mead-wolf |
| miǫtviðr | Measure-tree: well-proportioned tree; tree which measures extent or limits of the world, tree which metes out fate |
| misjafnt | unequally; hyggja misjafnt til - have doubts about |
| miski | offense; gera til miska - offend, harm (m) |
| miskunn | mercy, grace (f) |
| miskunn-samr | merciful (adj) |
| miskviða-laust | without flaw in procedure |
| mislíka | displease (v) |
| missa (t) | be without; lose (v) |
| missegja | relate incorrectly |
| misseri | season (of about six months) (n) |
| mistæ (t) (‡) | lose (v) |
| mis-yrki | avenger (m) |
| miþal (‡) | middle |
| miþal-þriðiungr (‡) | county between two others (m) |
| mjöðr | mead; óðins mjoðr- poetry, 'Odin's milk' (m) |
| mjök, mjǫk | much; very (adv) |
| mjöl, mjǫl | meal, flour; Fróða mjǫl - gold (n) |
| mjǫl-beigr | meal-bag (n) |
| mjolbelgr | meal-bag (m) |
| mjólka (að) | milk (v) |
| mjölleyfi | license to export meal (n) |
| Mjöllnir | Mjollnir, hammer of Thor (m) |
| mjǫl-sáld | measure of meal (n) |
| mjonefr | stingy, thin nose |
| mjǫt | measure (the right measure) (f) |
| mjǫtuðr | dispenser of fate (m) |
| mødherne (‡) | mother’s side (of descent) (f) |
| móðir | mother (f) |
| móðr | fury, wrath; weary, tired (m) |
| mœði | exhaustion, weariness (f) |
| Mœrr | Mœrr, region in West Norway (f) |
| mœta (tt) | meet; deal with; join; sem landit mœttisk ok flóðit gekk efst - where the land and high tide meet (v) |
| mögfellandi | kin-slaying (one) (m) |
| mögr, mǫgr | boy, young man; man; son; (m); kindred (m pl) |
| mǫl, möl | pebbles, gravel; haukstrandar mǫl - gold rings |
| mold | soil; dirt, mold, earth (as substance) (f) |
| moli | piece; bits, fragments (m) |
| mön, mǫn | mane (f) |
| Mǫrðr | Morth (personal name) |
| mórðvíg | murder (n) |
| morgin(n), morgun(n) | morning; following day; á morginn - tomorrow (m) |
| mǫrk | forest; mark (of silver unless gold is specified) (f) |
| morna (að) | waste away (v) |
| mosi | moss, moorland (m) |
| mǫsurr | maple (m) |
| mót | manner, towards, meeting; þar í móti - opposing him; í móti ar fara út - against going out (n) |
| mótgørð | offense; annoyance (f) |
| móti, mōte (‡) | against; towards (of time); contrary; meet, escort (prep) |
| móti, mōte (‡) | in exchange, meet (them) (adv) |
| Mótsognir | Motsognir, "battle roarer", father of the Dwarfs who resides in Nidavellir |
| móttaka | resistance, defense, counter-attack; til móttöku - to a defense, to counter-attack (f) |
| mǫtu-neyti | community of food; leggya mǫtuneyti sitt - make a common store of provisions (n) |
| muðr | mouth (m) |
| múgr | crowd (m) |
| múli | ridge (projecting ridge between two valleys) (m) |
| muna | remember, call to mind; muna langt fram - remember from a long time back (v) |
| mun-a, mun-at | will not |
| Munarvágr | Munarvag (personal name) |
| mund | hand (f) |
| mundr | bride-price (m) |
| mun-gát | drink; ale (n) |
| mun-knǫrr | mind, 'ship of the mind' (m) |
| munkr | monk (m) |
| munnr | mouth (m) |
| munr | heart, mind; difference; fyrir engan mun - for no consideration (m) |
| mun-strǫnd | heart, breast, 'shore of the mind' (f) |
| mun-tún | mind-enclosure'; muntún hugar - breast (n) |
| munu | will, shall; to be sure to; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) |
| munuð | love (physical) |
| murtr | fish (a small fish) |
| mús | mouse (f) |
| Múspellsheimr | Muspellsheim, the Land of Fire (m) |
| myki-skán | cake of dung (f) |
| mýkjask (t) | be softened (v) |
| mylla | mill (f) |
| mynd | form; shape (f) |
| myrk-fælinn | afraid of the dark |
| myrkr (van) | dark; darkness (adj) |
| myrkva (t) | grow dark (v) |
| myrr, mýrr | moor, bog, swamp; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| ná (ð) | get, obtain, reach, catch, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) |
| nábúi | neighbor (m) |
| nādhir (‡) | peace, quiet, grace (f pl) |
| naðr (rs) | serpent (m) |
| næmd (‡) | committee, council (f) |
| næmnæe | greet (give formal welcome to), give one’s name |
| nær | near, nearer, nearly, close to, close by, closely; when; næst - nearer, next; því næst - thereupon, next; þessu næst - after this; þat er nú þessu næst at - the next event to be told is that (adv) |
| næsta | nearly; því var næsta - very nearly so (adv) |
| næstr | next; it næsta sumar áðr - the summer before; it næsta sumar eptir - the following summer (adj) |
| næstum | last time (adv) |
| nætr-elding | dawn (f) |
| nafn | name (n) |
| nafnfrægr | famous (adj) |
| nagl | nail (m) |
| nágrindr | gates of the dead (f pl) |
| naínn | near; nearly related (adj) |
| nakkvarr, nǫkkurr | a, a certain; any (adj) |
| nál | needle (f) |
| ná-lægr | near, close; mun nálægt verða - it will be a near thing (adj) |
| nálgask | approach; come up to (v) |
| Náli | Nali (personal name) |
| ná-liga | nearly, almost; nearby (adv) |
| namn (‡) | name (n) |
| nánd | proximity; í nánd - near; í nánd við - close to (f) |
| nár | corpse, dead man (m) |
| nári | groin (m) |
| ná-sær | blood, 'sea of the body' (m) |
| ná-skyldr | nearly related |
| nāthæ (‡) | peace (f) |
| nátt | night, the nighttime part of the day |
| nátta | become night; grow dark (v) |
| nátt-ból | quarters for the night (n) |
| nátt-langt | whole night long (adv) |
| nátt-mál | nightfall, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 9 p.m. |
| nátt-staðr | lodging for the night (n) |
| náttúra | natural ability; nature, characteristic quality, property (f); spirits (f pl) |
| nátt-verðr | supper; náttverðr ara - the slain, 'the eagle's-supper' (m) |
| nátt-vig | killing by night (n) |
| nātūr-līker (‡) | natural (adj) |
| nauð(r) | difficulty, need, distress; harm; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) |
| nauðgjald | forced payment (n) |
| nauðigr, nauðugr | unwilling, against one's will |
| nauð-syn | need, necessity (f) |
| nauðugr | unwilling, reluctant (adj) |
| náungi | kinsman (m) |
| naut | cattle, oxen (n) |
| ná-vimr | blood, 'stream of the body' (m) |
| né | not; nor; hvárki…né - neither…nor; né…né - not…nor (conj) |
| neðan | from below, from beneath; without motion - beneath, underneath (adv) |
| neðar | lower (adj) |
| neðri | lower (adj) |
| nef | nose (n) |
| nef-bjorg | nose-piece (of armor), helmet nasal (f) |
| nef-fǫlr | yellow-beaked (adj) |
| nefna (d), næmnæ (‡) | name, call; mention; , næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) |
| nef-steði | anvil with a sharp point (m) |
| nei | no (adv) |
| neinn | no, none; in negative sentence - any (adj) |
| neiss | shamed (n) |
| neita (tt) | refuse, deny (v) |
| nema | take; take possession of; catch, strike against; amount to; claim land; hear; learn; deprive one of a thing; nema af - abolish; nema frá - except, exempt; nema land - take possession of land as a settler; neima stað (or staðar) - halt (v) |
| nema | unless; except, save, but; unless (conj) |
| nenna | be minded, be willing (v) |
| neppr | dying; slight, faint |
| nes | headland, ness (n) |
| nest | provisions, traveling provisions (n) |
| nest-baggi | bag for provisions |
| nezla | button-hole or loop (f) |
| nið | insult; hostility, contumely (n) |
| nið | moon (waning moon) |
| níða | slander (v) |
| nidher-slā (‡) | strike down, fell (v) |
| Niðhöggr, Níðhǫggr | Nidhogg, (Malice Striker), the dragon/serpent the serpent which dwells in the spring Hvergelmir and gnaws at a root of the world tree, Yggdrasill (m) |
| Niði | Nithi (personal name), Waned-moon |
| niðings-verk | shameful deed(s) (n) |
| niðr | down (adv) |
| niðr | son, kinsman, scion, kinsman through marriage (m) |
| niðri | down; below (adv) |
| nið-stǫng | stake of scorn (on which was placed a mutilated mare's head, as part of a curse) (f) |
| Niflheimr | Niflheim, the Underworld (m) |
| Niflhel | Niflhel, Dark Hel, place for some dead (f) |
| nío | nine (num) |
| nipt | sister; nipt Nara - Hel (f) |
| niþ (‡) | waning of the moon (f) |
| nitján | nineteen (num); nitjándi - nineteenth (ord num) |
| níu | nine (num); níundi - ninth (ord num) |
| Njörðr | Njord, god of the sea, one of the Vanir (m) |
| njósn | news; spying, scouting, looking out (f) |
| njóta | enjoy; have the use of; derive benefit from; njótum vér - let us make the most of it; njóta við - have help from (v) |
| nlgask | appoint (v) |
| nøghia (‡) | satisfy; láta nøghia sik at - content oneself with (v) |
| nógr | enough, abundant (adj) |
| nógu | sufficiently (adv) |
| Nói | Noah (personal name) |
| nǫkkut, nǫkkuru | somewhat, in any way (adv) |
| nøkkviðr, nøktan | naked, ill-clad; setja nøkðan - erase (adj) |
| norðan-lands | in the north country |
| norðan-veðr | wind from the north (n) |
| norðan-verðr | northern; í norðan-verðum dalnum - in the northern part of the valley (adj) |
| Norðmaðr | Norwegian |
| norðr | northwards (adv) |
| norðr-ætt | north (the north) (f) |
| Norðri | North |
| Norðymbraland | Northumbria (place name) |
| Nóri | Nori (personal name) |
| Norrœna | Norse tongue (f) |
| Norrœnn | Norwegian |
| norþæn | from the north |
| norþastr | farthest north (adj) |
| Norvegr | north way; Norway |
| nǫs | nostril (f) |
| nótt | night; í nótt - tonight (f) |
| nú | now (adv) |
| ný | new moon (n) |
| Nýi | Nyi (personal name), New-moon |
| ný-kominn | newly arrived (adj) |
| ný-lunda | news; strange thing (f) |
| ný-næmi | something new (n) |
| nyr, nýr | new (f) |
| nýra | kidney (n) |
| Nýráðr | Nyrath (personal name), New-counsel |
| ný-rekinn | newly driven (adj) |
| nýsa (t) | search, peer, investigate (v) |
| ný-smurþær (‡) | freshly greased (adj) |
| nýta (tt) | use; eat; avail; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) |
| nýtr | useful; engu nýtt - of no use (adj) |
| ný-vaknaðr | just awakened (adj) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| ó-áran | season (bad season); dearth (n) |
| ó-birgr | unprovided (adj) |
| ó-brigðr | reliable, unfailing (adj) |
| ó-bygð | wilderness |
| ó-dæll | difficult, quarrelsome, stubborn, troublesome to deal (with); overbearing; þykkja ódælt við - think one difficult to deal with (adj) |
| odd-breki | blood, 'point wave' (m) |
| oddr | point (m) |
| óðfúss | eager, madly keen (adj) |
| Óðinn | Odin, Othin, chief god of the Æsir (m) |
| ǫðlask, öðlask | earn, win (v) |
| ó-dœmi | unexampled thing (n pl) |
| ódr | frantic; furious; vehement; enraged; wood, raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) |
| óðr | mental faculties, voice |
| Óðr | Od, the name of Freyja's husband or lover |
| ó-drengskapr | meanness (m) |
| ó-drukkinn | not drunk (adj) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| œðask (dd) | become frantic (v) |
| œðri | higher (in dignity) (adj) |
| œgis-hjálmr | terrorize; intimidate; 'helm of terror'; bera œgishjálm yfir - intimidate, terrorize (m) |
| óeirðarmaðr | unruly man (m) |
| œpa (t) | scream, shout; cry, cry out (v) |
| œrinn | sufficient, enough (adj) |
| œrit | enough; sufficiently, overly, very (adv) |
| œrr | mad, frantic (adj) |
| œska | youth (f) |
| œxla | cause increas, multiply (v) |
| œztr | highest, noblest (adj) |
| of | pride (n) |
| of | over; for; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) |
| of | too (adv) |
| of drykkja | drinking (excessive drinking), over-drinking |
| of síðir | at last |
| ófærr | impassable |
| ófagnaðr | injustice |
| ófagnaðr-kraptr | power for evil (m) |
| ofan | from above, down; downwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; above the surface of (adv) |
| ofan | down, from above; southwards; ofan á, ofan til - ofan um knappinn - around the staff just below the knob; saar owan ā saar (‡) - wound upon wound; þar á ofan - in addition (adv); |
| ofan | down to, over, above, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) |
| ofar-liga | high up (adv) |
| of-haarth (‡) | excessively severe (adj) |
| ó-fjǫllóttr | flat, not mountainous (adj) |
| of-længi (‡) | too long |
| oflati | dandy, gaudy person |
| ǫflugr | strong, powerful |
| ofn | oven (m) |
| ó-fœra | peril; dangerous situation (f) |
| ó-fœrr | impassable, unable to move (adj) |
| ófǫlr (van) | dark; without light-colored defective spots (of furs) (adj) |
| ó-forvitinn | having no curiosity |
| ó-frær | barren, unproductive (adj) |
| óframliga | timidly (adv) |
| ofreflis-maðr | superior (one's superior in power) (m) |
| ofr-hiti | heat (excessive heat) (m) |
| ó-friðr | war, hostility; strife (m) |
| of-ríki | tyranny; overbearing (n) |
| øf-rīkt (‡) | wealth (too great wealth) (f) |
| ofr-lið | force (ovewhelming force) (n) |
| ofrǫlvi | drunk (excessively drunk) |
| ofsa | exaggerate; ofsa sér til vansa - puff oneself up to one's own undoing (v) |
| ofsi | pride (m) |
| ofstopi | arrogant man (m) |
| ǫfugr | backwards, turned the wrong way |
| öfundarorð | slander, words of envy (n pl) |
| ófúss | unwilling (adj) |
| ó-fȳdr (‡) | unborn (while yet unborn) |
| ógæfa | misfortune |
| ógagn | harm, hurt |
| ógagn-vænligr | useless; unprofitable; good for nothing (adj) |
| óglaðr | depressed, glum (adj) |
| ógleði | sadness, depression (f) |
| ógǫrr | undone |
| ógurligr | awful, terrible (adj) |
| óhægindi | discomfort (n) |
| ó-happ | misfortune (n) |
| ó-hermannliga | in unsoldierly fashion (adv) |
| ó-hœgr | difficult (adj) |
| óhóf | pride, lack of moderation (n) |
| óhræddr | unafraid, without fear (adj) |
| óhreinn | impure (adj) |
| ójafnaðar-maðr | unjust, overbearing man (m) |
| ójafnaðr | injustice, unfairness (m) |
| ok | and (conj); also (adv) but, though; ok þá - then; ok þó - although |
| øk (‡) | work-horses, team of work-horses (n pl) |
| ó-kátr | gloomy, depressed (adj) |
| økilse (‡) | increase (f) |
| okkarr | our, of us two (adj) |
| ókræsi-legr | dirty, filthy (adj) |
| ókunnigr | unknown (adj) |
| ókviðinn | undismayed (adj) |
| ǫl, öl | beer; ale (n) |
| Óláfr | Olaf (personal name); Ólafr pái - Olaf the Peacock (nickname) |
| ǫld, öld | age; time; [poetic] man (f); mankind, humanity, world; human beings, men (f pl) |
| ǫlðr | ale; ale-party |
| ǫldungr | hero (m) |
| Ǫlfossá | turbulent river, Ale-Force (foaming waterfall) River |
| ǫlfuss | drunkard |
| ólíkligr | unlikely (adv) |
| ólíkr | unlike, unlike to, different from (adj) |
| óljúg-fróðr | well-informed in good traditions |
| ǫl-ker | ale-cask (n) |
| ólög | lawlessness (n) |
| ǫlr | drunk (on ale) |
| ǫl-teitr | merry with ale; in good spirits |
| ómakligr | undeserving (adj) |
| ō-manlīcer (‡) | inhuman (adj) |
| ó-megð | dependent person needing assistance (i.e., children and old people) (f) |
| ómegin | faintness (n) |
| óminni | forgetfulness, non-memory, oblivion |
| ǫnd, önd | life; breath; spirit, soul (f) |
| ǫndóttr | fiery, terrible (adj) |
| ǫndur-dis | skiing goddess, goddess of the skis (f) |
| ǫndur-god | deity with skis (n) |
| öndvegissúlur | posts (High seat posts); pillars |
| ǫnd-verðr | in the beginning of (adj) |
| Ǫnundarsonr | Onundarson (personal name) |
| ó-nýtr | useless; ónýtt efni - evil plight; til ónýtts - so that it was useless (adj) |
| ó-œpandi | without crying out (adv) |
| opinn | open; on one's back (adj) |
| opna (að) | open (cut open) (v) |
| opnask (að) | be opened (v) |
| opt | often, frequently; as often as possible, always; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) |
| opta (‡) | often (adv) |
| optar | again; oftener (adv) |
| ór | out of, from; of; from inside of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) |
| ǫr, ör | arrow (f) |
| óráð | evil plan (n) |
| ó-ráðinn | undecided, unsettled (adj) |
| ō-rætter (‡) | unjust, unrighteous (adj) |
| orð | word; speech; conversation; message; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) |
| orð-sending | message (f) |
| orðs-kviðr | proverb (m) |
| orðs-tírr | fame, renown (m) |
| orð-tœki | phrase, expression (n) |
| ørendi, ørindi | mission, errand; message; the result of one's mission |
| ørendislauss | without effect, purposeless, lit errand-less (adj) |
| ørendislaust | without purpose, in vain, for nothing; fara ørendislaust - go in vain, without a purpose or reason (adv) |
| óreyndr | untried; at ǫllu óreyndu - without looking into the matter at all (adj) |
| ør-grandr | honest; fair-minded (adj) |
| órikr | weak (adj) |
| ør-indi | breath (n) |
| ǫrk | ark |
| orka | strength, might (f) |
| orka | work, do, perform (v) |
| Orkneyjar | Orkney Islands (place name) (f pl) |
| ór-lausn | help in difficulty; góðr ó-a - ready to help (f) |
| orlof | permission (n) |
| ørlǫg, örlög | destiny, fate; war (n pl) |
| ørlǫglauss | fateless (i.e. on whom fate has not yet been imposed) (adj) |
| ormr | snake, serpent, worm; eitr ormr - poisonous serpent (m) |
| Ormr | Orm (personal name); Ormr inn auðgi - Orm the Wealthy (m) |
| ormr-í-auga | Snake-in-the-Eye (nickname) (n) |
| ormslíki | shape, form of a dragon (n) |
| ormstunga | serpent tongue |
| ǫrn | eagle (m) |
| ør-œfi | coast without a harbor (open, harborless coast) (n) |
| órœkja (kt) | neglect, fail to heed (v) |
| órr | our |
| ǫrr (van) | swift, bold, keen; liberal, open-handed (adj) |
| orrosta | battle; til orrostu - to or for battle; (f) |
| orrostumaðr | warrior, man of battle (m) |
| ǫrskots-helgr | sanctuary within arrow-shot of a home; í ǫrskots-helgi - within arrow-shot (f) |
| ør-uggr | safe, secure, trusty (adj) |
| ør-vænn | unlikely (adj) |
| órval | dregs; what is left (n) |
| ǫrvendr | left-handed (adj) |
| ør-viti | mad, out of one's senses (adj) |
| ó-sæbrattr | having low lying shores, not steep by the sea (adj) |
| ó-sælligr | wretched, ill-favored (adj) |
| ó-sæmd | dishonor |
| ó-sætt | disagreement (f) |
| ó-sætti | disturbance of the peace (n) |
| ó-sakaðr | unhurt (adj) |
| ó-sárari | less sore, less painful (adj) |
| ó-sárr | unhurt (adj) |
| ó-sāter (‡) | hostile, unreconciled (adj) |
| ósjaldan | repeatedly, not seldom (adv) |
| ó-sjálfraðr | beyond one's control |
| oskilgetinn | born out of wedlock |
| óskírðr | unbaptized (adj) |
| óskorinn | uncut, unshorn (adj) |
| óskyggn-leiki | dim-sightedness (m) |
| óskylt | duty (negated), not one’s duty (n adj) |
| ósnjallr | unwise, foolish (adj) |
| ósœmd | dishonor (f) |
| ósómi | dishonor, ignominy (m) |
| óss | estuary (m) |
| óst | throat (f) |
| óst (‡) | cheese (m) |
| ósterkligr | weak (adj) |
| øster-rīke (‡) | Russia or Wendland, 'the eastern kingdom' (n) |
| ótambær (‡), ótam (f) (‡) | untamed, wild (adj) |
| óþokku-ligr | dirty, nasty (adj) |
| óþýðr | unfriendly, intimidating (adj) |
| otr | otter (m) |
| otrbelgr | otter pelt or skin (m) |
| otrgjöld | wergeld, ransom or compensation for a dead otter, Otter's ransom (n pl) |
| ótrúligr | unbelievable (adj) |
| ótta | the last part of the night before dawn, about 3 a.m. (f) |
| ótta-lauss | without fear |
| óttask | be afraid (v) |
| ótti | fear, dread (f) |
| ǫuðr (‡) | treasure (m) |
| óvægr | harsh, unmerciful (adj) |
| ó-vænligr | unlikely (adj) |
| óvættr | monster (m) |
| óvand-leikit | reasonable; easy to deal with; er óvandleikit við hann - it is easy to deal with him (adj) |
| óvandr | unwary (adj) |
| ó-varliga | incautiously (adv) |
| óvarr | unaware; unwary; koma á óvart - take by surprise (adj) |
| óvendiliga | carelessly (adv) |
| ó-verk | deed (wicked deed) (n) |
| óvinr | enemy (m) |
| óvirðing | disgrace (f) |
| óvíss | uncertain (adj) |
| óvistuligr | desolate (adj) |
| óvitande | not knowing; hänom óvitande - without his knowledge |
| óvitr | ignorant, uninformed (adj) |
| óvitrliga | foolishly (adv) |
| óvitrligr | unwise, rash (adj) |
| øx | axe (f) |
| öxl | shoulder (f) |
| oy (‡) | island (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| pái (also pá) | peacock (nickname) (m) |
| pallr | step; raised platform along the side(s) of a hall (m) |
| papi | monk (Irish monk), pope, priest; Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived. (m) |
| páskar, páskir | Easter (f pl) |
| pāue (‡) | pope (m) |
| penning | penny |
| penningr | coin, money; penny; 1/10 eyrir; piece of property, article; penningar miklir - a good sum of money (m) |
| pína | mortify (v) |
| prēdica (adh) (‡) | preach (v) |
| prestr | priest (m) |
| prīm-tīmæ (‡) | prime time, 9 a.m. (m) |
| prúðr | proud; splendid (adj) |
| prútt | gallantly (adv) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| ráð | advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; agreement; authority; intention; policy; wish; taka (til) ráðs - adopt a plan; resolve; agreement; sjá at ráði - think advisable; authority; good counsel, what is advisable; þykkja ráð - seem advisable (n) |
| ráða | advise, counsel; consult about; rule; discuss; plot; set, arrange; decide; govern; prevail; have to deal with; go, take one's way; ráða á - progress, have to deal with interpret; go, take one's way; ráða aptr - return, hire, engage; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða heilræði - give one wholesome counsel; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða sinum (ráðum) - hold a conference; rēddo sik saman til hans dødh (‡) - they conspired against his life; ráða af - do away with, kill; decide, rule, govern; prevail; settle a poilicy; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða til - hire, engage; ráða um - consult about, discuss; ráðask til skips - go on board ship (ship/sailing term) (v) |
| ráðagørð | counsel; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel (f) |
| ráð-ligr | advisable |
| raðsnjallr | wise in counsel (adj) |
| Ráðsviðr | Rathsvith, Counsel-sharp |
| ræddoghe | fear (m) |
| ræfr | roof (n) |
| ræið-Wiðurr (‡) | sea-captain, 'Oðin of the chariot (of the sea)' (m) |
| ræna, ráena | plunder, rob, deprive of (v) |
| ræt-vis (‡) | righteous (adj) |
| ræt-vīsa (‡) | righteousness (f) |
| rætzl (‡) | government (f) |
| ragna-røk(k)r | Ragnarok, the twilight of the gods, the world's end (also referred to as the ragna rök - doom of the gods) (n) |
| Ragnarr | Ragnar (personal name); Ragnarr loðbrók - Ragnar Shaggy-breeches, a legendary Viking chieftain of the 9th century (m) |
| Ragnarsson | Ragnar's son |
| ragr | effeminate, cowardly, (passively) homosexual (adj) |
| raka | rake (v) |
| rakæ (aþ) (‡) | rake, shave (v) |
| rakki | dog |
| rakki | parrel (a sliding ring or collar that confines the yard and sail to the mast but allows vertical movement) (ship/sailing term) |
| rá-lík | sail (vertical leech of sail) (ship/sailing term) |
| rammligr | strong (adj) |
| rammr | strong; mighty, powerful; rammr at afli - extremely strong (adj) |
| Rangárvellir | Rangarvellir (place name), Rang River Plains |
| rangr | crooked, unjust: wrong, false (adj) |
| rang-sœlis | against the course of the sun (adv) |
| rás | hurry, race (v) |
| rasa (að) | rush, stumble (v) |
| rata (að) | fall down; travel about, rove (v) |
| Ratatoskr (also Ratatöskr) | Ratatosk, the squirrel that carries insults between Níðhöggr and the eagle (m) |
| rauðlitaðr | ruddy-complexioned (adj) |
| rauðr | red (also frequently as a descriptor for gold) (adj) |
| rauð-skeggjaðr | red-bearded; hinn Rauðskeggjaði - Þor (Thor) (adj) |
| rauf | hole (f) |
| Raumaríki | Raumariki (place name) (n) |
| raun | test; trial (f) |
| raunar-lítit | very little |
| réa | vex (v) |
| Refill | name of a sword (m) |
| Refr | Ref (personal name) Refr inn rauði - Ref the Red (m) |
| refsinga-laust | without punishment (adv) |
| regin | gods, powers, rulers (n pl) |
| reginkunnr | divine, of divine origin |
| Reginn | Regin; son of Hreidmar, brother of Fafnir the dragon (m) |
| reið | riding; chariot (f) |
| reiða | service; skulu þér til reiðu - will be at your service (f) |
| reiða (dd) | swing; swing up, raise; reiða fram - swing down, strike a blow; reiddi sik - threw himself (v) |
| reiðask | become angry (v) |
| reiði | anger, wrath; af reiði - in anger, out of anger (f) |
| reiði | harness, trappings; rigging, tackle; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) |
| reiðr | angry, offended (adj) |
| reiðr, vreiðr | angry |
| reifr | cheerful (adj) |
| reip | rope, trace (n) |
| reisa (t) | raise, set up; láta reisa stein - have a stone raised (v) |
| reisiligr | magnificent, fine (adj) |
| reka, vrækæ (‡) | drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; avenge, take vengeance for; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) |
| rekaviðr | driftwood (m) |
| reki | jetsam; driftage, a thing drifted ashore, wreck (m) |
| rekja | track, trace (v) |
| rekkja | bed; fara í rekkju - go to bed (f) |
| rekkr | warrior, man (m) |
| rella | gripe (v) |
| réna | diminish, dwindle (v) |
| renna | run; í kǫpp við - to run a race with; hǫfgi rann á hann - he fell asleep; renna af - pass away from one; dagr rann upp - it dawned; renna upp - make raids on (vi); put to flight (vt) |
| renna (d) | make run, roll; renna augum - direct the eyes, look; atgeirinn rendi í gegnum skjǫldinn - the spear was run through the shield (v) |
| Resstaðir | Refsstadir (place name) Ref's farmstead (m pl) |
| rétt (r) | right, rightly; directly (adv) |
| rétta | atone for (v) |
| rétta (tt) | reach, stretch up or out; raise; put right; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) |
| rétt-leitr | having regular features (adj) |
| rétt-ligr | correct, without flaw (adj) |
| réttr | right, lawful claim; cause, condition; law; treaty (m) |
| réttr | just, fair; right, correct, straight; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) |
| rēuus (‡) | were fighting; rēwo (‡) - tore (v) |
| reyðr | rorqual, large baleen whale (f) |
| Reykjanes | Reykjanes, Headland of Smoke (place name) (n) |
| Reykjarvík | Reykjavik, Bay of Smoke (f) |
| reykr | smoke (m) |
| reyna (d) | try, prove; experience; reyna ilt af - meet with evil at the hands of; reyndr vas flestr - most were put to the test; be proved; reynt er - trial has been made; be proved (v) |
| reynir | one who tests; munka reynir - God (m) |
| ríða | twist, wind; ríða knút - tie a knot (v) |
| ríða | ride; ride over; riða ofan - descend (v) |
| riddari | rider, horseman (m) |
| rif | rib; reef (in the sea) (n) |
| rífa | rip, tear (v) |
| Rifsker | Rifsker (place name), Rocky or Rib Reef (n) |
| ríki | realm; kingdom; power, authority (n) |
| ríkismaðr | great man,prominent man, wealthy man, man of power (m) |
| ríkr | powerful, great, magnificent; mighty (adj) |
| ringhabrynia (‡) | coat of ring mail (f) |
| rinna | run, flow (v) |
| ript | clothes (f) |
| rísa | arise, rise, stand up, get up; rísa upp - rise up, get up (v) |
| rísmál | rise time, time to rise, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 a.m. (n) |
| risna | hospitality, liberality (f) |
| rista, rísta | cut (runes), carve, engrave; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) |
| ríta | write; scratch, cut; cut runes (v) |
| rjóða | redden, make red (v) |
| rjóðr | clearing, open space in a forest (n) |
| rjóðr | red, ruddy (adj) |
| rjúfa | break, break a hole in; rjúfa sáttmál - break an agreement or truce; rýfr veðrit - the weather clears (v) |
| rjúka | reek, smoke; go flying, tumble (v) |
| ró | rest; bið ró - have rest; biða ró - have quiet (f) |
| róa | row; róa fyrir (landi) - row along (the shore) (v) |
| rǫcstóll | judgment or council seat |
| rǫð | rank (f) |
| Roðbertr löngumspaði | Robert Longsword, (c. 893 – 17 December 942), second ruler of Normandy (m) |
| rǫdd | voice (f) |
| roðinn | reddened; blood-stained (adj) |
| róðr | rowing, pulling (m) |
| rǫðull | sun (m) |
| rœða | speak, converse, discuss (v) |
| rœða | talk, conversation (f) |
| rœða (dd) | speak; rœða um - speak about, discuss (v) |
| rœ-k | See róa |
| rof | break, breaking, opening (n) |
| róg | slander, contention (n) |
| Rogaland | Rogaland (placename) |
| rǫggvar-feldr | shaggy cloak (m) |
| rógmálmr | gold, metal of strife (m) |
| rōg-starkr (‡) | strong in battle |
| rök | judgment, doom (n pl) |
| røk(k)r | twilight (n) |
| rómr | applause; alþýðu rómr - common opinion (m) |
| rǫnd | rim; shield (f) |
| röng | hull (frame of ship's hull) |
| roppa | tail (f) |
| rǫskliga | gallantly (adv) |
| röskr | sturdy, vigorous, brave (adj) |
| röst | unit of distance between two resting stages (perhaps equivalent to the Old Scandinavian mile); usually between four and five English miles; league (f) |
| rót | root (f) |
| róta (að) | upset, throw into disorder; róta í sundr - knock apart (v) |
| ru = eru | are (v) |
| rúm | hold or compartment in hold (ship/sailing term) |
| rúm | room, space; seat; bed (n) |
| rún | rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing; (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) |
| ryðja | clear, empty, prepare, pile up (or clear away) (v) |
| rygr | housewife (f) |
| rȳni-maþr (‡) | rune man (one skilled in runes) (m) |
| rýnstr | most skilled in rune-craft (m) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s sk sp t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| sá | that, the; sá er - he who (pron and art) |
| sá | sow (v) |
| sá er | whoever, he who (pron) |
| saðr | true |
| sæhafa | sea-tossed, driven off one's course; verða sæhafa - be drive off one's course (adj) |
| Sæhrímnir | Sæmhrimnir, the boar who feeds the warriors in Valhöll (m) |
| sæla | happiness; prosperity |
| sæll | fortunate, happy (adj) |
| sællifðr | living happily, having a happy life |
| sæmd | honor |
| sæmiligr | honorable |
| Sæmundr | Saemund (personal name) |
| sæng | bed (f) |
| sær | sea (m) |
| sær (sævar) | sea, inlet of the sea; lake |
| særa | wound (v) |
| sæta (tt) | signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) |
| sæti | seat (n) |
| sætt | reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; atonement, agreement; at sætt - as atonement (f) |
| sætta (tt) | reconcile; make peace among; sættask at því - settle on such terms, agree; sættask - come to terms, settle, agree, be reconciled; sættask á - agree to (v) |
| sævar-gangr | heavy sea; surge of sea; flood (m) |
| safna | collect, gather (v) |
| saga | story; history; what is said, saga, legend; saga til - a story about (f) |
| saka (að) | do harm (v) |
| sá-k-a-k | I have not seen |
| sakeyrir | fine (m) |
| saklauss | innocent, guiltless |
| sakna | miss; feel the loss of (v) |
| sál, sála | soul (f) |
| sáld | cask, vat; a measure (containing about 150 lbs. of wheat) (n) |
| salr | hall, house consisting of one room; (m) (a complex) dwelling; ground (m pl) |
| sama | befit, beseem (v) |
| saman | together (adv) |
| sam-eign | dealings; conflict (f) |
| samför | relationship, marriage (f) |
| sam-gangr | conflict (m) |
| samka | gather; collect (v) |
| sammœðr | of the same mother (adj) |
| samna | gather; collect (v) |
| samnaðr | gathering, host (m) |
| samr | same; ísamt - together; ina sömu nótt - on the same night; it sama - the same, likewise; sem samt sé - in the same way (adj pron) |
| sámr | swarthy, blackish (adj) |
| sam-ræði | life together; vildi ekki samræði við Eirik - would not live with Eirik (n) |
| samu-laiþ (‡) | likewise |
| sand-himinn | the sea (m) |
| sandr | sand; beach, shore (m) |
| sanna (að) | affirm; (refl.) prove to be true; sannaz - be affirmed, prove to be true (v) |
| sanne-līka (‡) | in truth |
| sannindi | truth (n pl) |
| sannliga | truly (adv) |
| sannligr | just, fair, proper (adj) |
| sann-nefni | appropriate, truthful name (n) |
| sannr, saðr | true; it sanna - the truth; at sǫnnu - in truth; til sanns - of a truth (adj) |
| san-saghæ (‡) | true saying (f) |
| sár, saar (‡) | wound (n) |
| sārga (aþ) (‡) | wound (v) |
| sárr | wounded; painful, sore (adj) |
| sá-si | this (pron) |
| sáttr | reconciled; at peace (adj) |
| sauðahús | sheep pen, sheep-fold (n) |
| sauða-jarmr | bleating of sheep (m) |
| sauða-maðr | shepherd (m) |
| sauðar-vǫmb | sheep's stomach (f) |
| sauðr | sheep (m) |
| sauð-vant | sheep-lacking'; er sauð-vant - sheep are missing (adj) |
| sauma (að) | sew (v) |
| saurr | mud, filth (m) |
| sax | short-sword; knife (n) |
| scattr (‡), skat (‡) | tax, tribute (m) |
| sefask | be pacified (v) |
| seggr | man; warrior; boy; hero (m) |
| segja | say, tell; stipulate; segja frá - tell of, relate; segja til - inform on; give information of; segja til sin - tell one's name; segja upp - declare, pronounce; segisk þar vílja vera - he says he wishes to stay there (v) |
| segja (sagða) | say, speak; tell, tell of; relate; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) |
| segl | sail (ship/sailing term) (n) |
| seiðr | spell, enchantment (m) |
| seilask (d) | to stretch out one's hand |
| seiling | graspingness (f) |
| seinn | slow; tedious; late (adj) |
| seint | coldly; slowly (adv) |
| sekr | guilty; convicted; outlawed, condemned to outlawry; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) |
| seksring, sexæringr, trerøring | ship, with three pairs of oars, six rowers |
| sekt | outlawry; penalty (f) |
| sel | shepherd hut; shieling (a hut used in the mountains by shepherds; mountain pasture used for the grazing of cattle in summer) (n) |
| selja, sæliæ | give; sell; hand over to another (v) |
| sem | who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) |
| senda (d) | send (v) |
| sendi-buþi (‡) | messenger (m) |
| sendi-ferð | mission, errand (f) |
| sendi-maðr | messenger (m) |
| senn | at once, at the same time; straight away (adv) |
| serkr | shirt (m) |
| sess, sessa | rower's seat |
| set | seat, room in which one sits, raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall; (n) residence(s) (n pl) |
| sét | er nú sét - it is now obvious |
| setja | set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) |
| setstokkar | wooden plank dividing up or marking the edge of the set; beam (The partition beam from a hall) (m) |
| sétti | sixth (ordinal num) |
| sex | six (num) |
| sexæringr, seksring, trerøring | ship, with three pairs of oars, six rowers |
| sex tigir, sex-tighi (‡) | sixty (num) |
| sex-tán | sixteen (num) |
| sex-tándi | sixteenth (ord num) |
| seyðir | fire (cooking fire); búa til seyðis - prepare for cooking (m) |
| seyra | starvation (f) |
| sí-byrða (ð) | lay (a ship) alongside (in a sea fight) (ship/sailing term) (v) |
| síð | late; síðar - later; síðast - latest, last (adv) |
| síða | bewitch; practice sorcery (v) |
| síða | side (f) |
| síðan | afterwards, since then; síðan er - since, because (conj) |
| síðar | later (adv) |
| síðast | latest (adv) |
| síðastr | last (adv) |
| síðir | in; um (or of) síðir - at last (f pl) |
| síðr | custom; religion (m) |
| síðr | hanging, long, overhanging (adj) |
| síðr | less (adv) |
| sið-venja | custom (f) |
| Sif | Sif, a goddess, the wife of Thor (f) |
| sifjar | affinity; spilla sifjar - commit incest (f pl) |
| sifja-slit | incest (n) |
| síga | sink gently down; glide, move slowly; yield (v) |
| siga (að) | sink (ship/sailing term), yield (v) |
| Sigfaðir | Sigfather, 'Victory-father', a name for Óðinn (m) |
| Sighurþarsun | Sigurtharson (personal name) |
| Sighvatr | Sighvat (personal name); Sighvatr inn rauðr - Sighvat the Red (m) |
| sigla | sail, carry sail; sigla með - sail along; sail past (ship/sailing term) (v) |
| sigla | mast (ship/sailing term) (f) |
| sigling | sailing (ship/sailing term) (f) |
| siglura | yard (ship/sailing term) |
| siglutré | mast (ship/sailing term) |
| signa | mark with the sign of the cross (v) |
| sigr (rs) | victory (m) |
| sigra | overcome; gain the victory (v) |
| sigrsæll | victorious (adj) |
| Sigurðr | Sigurd (personal name); Sigurðr slefa - Sigurd the Slobberer (m) |
| sik | self (him-, her-, it-self; them-selves; one-self) |
| silfr | silver (n) |
| silki | silk (n) |
| silkitreya | silken jacket (f) |
| sinn | his, her, its, their (pron) |
| sínn | own, one's own (v) |
| sinn(i) | time (of repetition), occasion; at sinni - for the present; eigi optar at sinni - not more than once; eitt sinn - one time; einu sinni - once, for once; hvert sinn - every (n) |
| sinni | host; companion (m); host, company (m pl) |
| sipill | potlicker |
| Síreksstaðir | Sirek's Farmstead |
| sitja | sit; stay, remain; reside; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) |
| sízt | least; last (adv) |
| sjá | see, gaze; know of; perceive, understand; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) |
| sjá | this |
| Sjáland | Zealand, Sjælland in modern Danish (place name) (n) |
| sjaldan | seldom; sjaldnar - more seldom (adv) |
| sjálf-ala | finding their own food (adj) |
| sjálf-dœmi | self-judgment (m) |
| sjálfr | self; him-, her-, it-self; themselves (adj pron) |
| sjálf-ráðr | free; er þér sjálfrátt - you are free to (adj) |
| sjálf-sáinn | growing wild, self-sown |
| sjálf-vili | free-will (m) |
| sjálf-viljandi | of one's own accord |
| sjau | seven (num) |
| sjau hundruð ok þrír tigir | seven hundred thirty (num) |
| sjau tigir | seventy (num) |
| sjau-tján | seventeen (num) |
| sjávarafli | catch of fish; bounty of the sea (m) |
| sjóða | boil, cook (v) |
| sjón | look, gaze (f) |
| sjónhverfing | optical illusion (caused by a spell) (f) |
| sjónlauss | blind, sightless (adj) |
| sjór | sea; fyrir ofan sjó - above the waterline (m) |
| sjǫt | abode; company; host (n pl) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s sk sp t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| skaða (að) | harm, do harm to (v) |
| skaði | harm, damage, loss; death (m) |
| skær | steed; Gjalpar skær - wolf, 'horse of Gjalp' |
| skafa | scrape, shave; allot (lit scrape off for you) (v) |
| Skáfiðr | Skafith (personal name) |
| skaka | shake (v) |
| skála-endi | end of a hall (m) |
| skála-veggr | wall of the hall (m) |
| skáld, skald | poet, skald (n) |
| skáld-skapr | poetry, poetic art (m) |
| skáld-skaprmál | poetic diction (n pl) |
| skáli | hall, main hall, sleeping-hall; shed (m) |
| Skallagrímr | Skalla-Grim (personal name), Bald-Grim (m) |
| skálm | sword (short sword), cleaver (f) |
| skálm-ǫld | sword age (the age of the sword) (f) |
| skálpr | scabbard (m) |
| skam | shame |
| skami (‡) | shame, disgrace (m) |
| skamm-degi | short winter days (n) |
| skammr | short; brief; fyrir skǫmmu - a short time ago (adj) |
| skammt, skamt | short distance or time, not far (place) (adv) |
| Skáney | Skåne, Denmark (place name), now part of Sweden (f) |
| skap | mood, state, condition, temper; character; hafa skap til - be disposed to; honum var þetta mjǫk móti skapi - he took this greatly to heart; lítill í skapi - mean-sirited; vera í skapi - be on one's mind; be one's desire; gøra til skaps - do a thing to please one (n) |
| skapa (að) | make, shape, form, create; determine; applause; skera ok skapa - fix the terms (v) |
| skapari | creator |
| skap-feldr | agreeable, to one's mind (adj) |
| skap-góðr | good-tempered; er skappgott - one is in good spirits (adj) |
| skap-leikr | disposition, character (m) |
| skap-lyndi | mood, disposition (n) |
| skap-raun | annoyance, vexation (f) |
| skapraunar-minna | less vexatious (adj) |
| skap-skipti | change of mood (n) |
| skaps-munir | disposition (m pl) |
| skapt | handle, shaft of cart; á hávu skapti - on a long shaft; (n) |
| skarðr | diminished; sitja fyrir skart um - live in want of (adj) |
| skarpr | scorched, pinched, chafing (adj) |
| skartsmaðr | dandy, lover of finery (m) |
| skat (‡) | tribute (m) |
| skat-gildær (‡) | one who pays tribute (m) |
| skati | leader, ruler (m) |
| skattr | tribute, tax (m) |
| skaut | sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); hem, border, end of cloak; láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) |
| skegg | beard (n) |
| skeggjaðr | bearded (adj) |
| skegg-ǫld | battle-axe age (age of the battle axe) (f) |
| skeið | race course; running-ground; ocean-going warshipknarrar skeið - sea, 'ship course' (n) |
| skeinuhættr | likely to wound (adj) |
| skel | shell (f) |
| skelfa (ð) | frighten, make tremble (v) |
| skellr | blow, stroke (m) |
| skemmr | shorter; lengr eða skemmr - for a long or short while (adv) |
| skemta | entertain, amuse (v) |
| skemtiligr | entertaining, amusing (adj) |
| skemtun | amusement , pastime (f) |
| skenkja | serve with drink (v) |
| skepia (skóp, skapða) | make, create; pronounce, impose, decree (v) |
| sker | rock; skerry, isolated rock sticking out to sea (n) |
| skera | cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) |
| skiær (‡) | clear (adj) |
| skíð | ski; snow-skate; stick; wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) |
| skið-garðr | shields in a row on the bulwarks of a ship, 'fortress of the snow-skate (of the sea)' (m) |
| skikkja | cloak (f) |
| skilja | perceive (v) |
| skilja (ð, d) | separate, divide, part, part company, disband; understand; perceive; skilja á - stipulate; skilja við - part from; skilja frá - exempt from; skilja fyr - make known to, proclaim to; skiljask við - part from, forsake; þá skilr á um - they fall out over, differ, disagree about (v) |
| skillingr | shilling, i.e., piece of money; money (m pl) |
| skilnaðr | parting (m) |
| skína | shine; flash, gleam, emit rays (v) |
| skinn | skin, hide, fur (n) |
| Skinna-Björn | Bjorn Fur-Skins (personal name) (m) |
| skinnavara | furs, fur-ware (f) |
| skinn-hjúpr | fur doublet (m) |
| skinni | skinner (nickname) (m) |
| skip | ship, boat (n) |
| skipa (að) | equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) |
| skipan | crew; change (f) |
| skipflak | wreck (ship/sailing term) (n) |
| skipför | voyage, sailing, passage of a ship (f) |
| skipsbrot | shipwreck (ship/sailing term) (n) |
| skipta | divide; share; change; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) |
| skipti | division (n); dealings (n pl) |
| skíra (ð) | baptize (v) |
| skirja | cow (young cow) |
| skírn | baptism (f) |
| Skirvir | Skirvir (personal name) |
| skjald-borg | shield wall, protection (f) |
| skjálfa | shake, tremble (v) |
| skjall | white membrane of an egg (n) |
| skjarr | shy (adj) |
| skjóðu-pungr | skin-purse (m) |
| skjǫldr, skjöldr | shield (m) |
| skjólfa | shake, tremble (v) |
| skjóta | throw; shoot; hop; launch (boat); roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) |
| skjót-fœri | speed, swiftness (n) |
| skjótla | quickly (adv) |
| skjót-leikr | fleetness (m) |
| skjót-liga | swiftly (adv) |
| skjót-ligr | swift (adj) |
| skjótr | swift, quick; sem skjótast - as soon as possible, straightaway (adj) |
| skjótt | suddenly (adv) |
| skóð | weapon (n) |
| skoða (að) | look, spy |
| Sköfnungr (also Sköflungr) | Skofnung, possible Shin Bone, the name of King Hrolf's sword (m) |
| skógar-maðr | outlaw (m) |
| skóg-land | forest, wood; well-wooded land (m) |
| skógr | forest, wood (m) |
| skokkr | box, receptacle (m) |
| skökull | harness, trace (of harness) (m) |
| Skoll | Skoll, the wolf that pursues the sun (m) |
| skǫmm | shame (f) |
| skór | shoe (m) |
| skǫr, skör | hair, locks (f) |
| skorta | be lacking; be lacking to one; skortir - one is in want of; one is short of, one lacks (v) |
| skǫru-ligr | manly, bold; magnificent; of distinguished appearance (adj) |
| skǫrungr, skörungr | leader, notable or outstanding person, paragon (m) |
| skó-sveinn | servant, page (m) |
| skot | missiles, shooting, shot (n) |
| skot-hríð | shower of missiles (f) |
| Skotland | Scotland (place name) (n) |
| skótt | quickly (adv) |
| Skozkr | Scottish |
| skrapæ (ath) (‡) | scrape; skrapæ af (‡) - erase (v) |
| skreppa | slip (v) |
| skreyja | incompetent (adj) |
| skriða | landslide (f) |
| skríða | ski, glide, slide (on skis), crawl (v) |
| skrifa (að) | write; scrifwaz (‡) - it is written (v) |
| skrípi | phantom, horror (n) |
| skrīuæ (‡) | write (v) |
| skrǫkva (að) | falsify a story (v) |
| skrúð | mailcoat; cloth, stuff (n) |
| Skuld | Skuld (personal name, mythological), Debt, 'that which should become', norn (name of a norn); valkyrie (name of a valkyrie) |
| skuld | debt; í skuld - on credit (f) |
| Skuld | Skuld, Debt, that which should become, one of the three Norns) (f) |
| skulda-lið | family, dependents (n) |
| skulu | must, shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); should; ought (v) |
| skúr | shower (f) |
| skurðr | cutting, slice; a trench; the flensing of a whale (m) |
| skúta | boat, small ship |
| Skútaðar-Skeggi | Skeggi of Skutad (personal name) (m) |
| skutil-sveinn | cup-bearer; trencherman; officer of high rank (m) |
| skutr | cabin (back cabin); skutr munknarrar - memory (m) |
| ský, sky | cloud (n) |
| skyggna (d) | spy, peer |
| skykkjum | shake, go rocking (adv) |
| skyld | reason; sake; tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate) (f) |
| skyldr | bound, obliged; due; urgent; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; right; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) |
| skyn | knowledge; kunna skyn á - have knowledge of (f) |
| skynda (d) | hurry, cause to hasten; hasten (v) |
| skyndi-liga | hastily, quickly (adv) |
| skynsam-liga | carefully, intelligently (adv) |
| skyr | curdled milk (n) |
| skýrr | clear, manifest; gøra skýrt - make definite (adj) |
| skyrta | kirtle, coat (f) |
| slá | strike, smite; forge; mow, cut grass; slá hring - form a ring; slá beizli við (hest) - to bridle a horse; sló ótta yfir - fear fell upon him (v) |
| slækt (‡) | kind, order (f) |
| slátr | meat, flesh (f) |
| slátra (að) | slaughter (v) |
| slefa | saliva, slobber, slobberer (as nickname) (f) |
| slefja | dribbler |
| Sleipnir | Sleipnir, Odin's horse (m) |
| sleita | quarrel; ganga sleitum - to quarrel (v) |
| sleppa | slip; escape, slip away; fail, slip up (v) |
| sletta | slap (v) |
| sléttr | level, smooth (adj) |
| slíðir, slíðrar | scabbard, sheath (f pl) |
| slíkr | such (adj) |
| slíkt | in such a way (adv) |
| slíta | break; rend; snap; tear; slitit er þínginu - the assembly is ended; þar til er ór slítr - until it is quite finished (v) |
| slitna (að) | break; snap (v) |
| slitri | rag, torn piece (n) |
| slœgr | profit (m) |
| slœgr | clever, crafty (adj) |
| sløkkva | extinguish (v) |
| sløngva | hurl (v) |
| slyngva, slungnir | throw, fling; wind about (v) |
| slys-gjarnt | vereðr slys-gjarnt - one has bad luck (adj) |
| smala-ferð | herding the sheep (f) |
| smala-maðr | herdsman, shepherd (m) |
| smali | sheep (n) |
| smá-menn | men of little power, insignificant men (m pl) |
| smár | small, little (adj) |
| smá-sakir | petty suits (f pl) |
| smá-skitligr | insignificant; undersized (adj) |
| smá-þarmar | intestines, small-guts (m pl) |
| smíð | building, work (f) |
| smíða (að) | build, forge, make (v) |
| smiðar-kaup | payment for building (n) |
| smíði | object (made object); dverga smiði - sword; í smiði - under construction (n) |
| smiðja | smithy (f) |
| smiðr | smith; builder; artificer (m) |
| smjör | butter (n) |
| Smjörvatnsheiðr | Smjorvatnsheid (place name), Butter-Lake Heath (f) |
| smjúga | creep through an opening; pierce (v) |
| smyriæ (‡), smurþe (‡) | grease (v) |
| snær, snjár, snjór | snow (m) |
| snara | twist, step quickly (v) |
| snar-liga | in haste (adv) |
| snarp-liga | sharply, with energy (adv) |
| snarpr | severe, hard (adj) |
| snarr | bold (adj) |
| sneiða (dd) | taunt; sneer at; slice; glance off (v) |
| snekke | ship, small warship |
| snemma | early (adv) |
| snemt | early (adj) |
| snerta | touch; concern (v) |
| sneypa | disgrace, shameful rebuff (f) |
| sníða | cut (v) |
| snim-hendis | early, soon (adv) |
| snimma | early (adv) |
| snjallr | eloquent, clever in speech; brave (adj) |
| snjár, snjór, snær | snow (m) |
| snjófa | snow (v) |
| Snorradóttir | Snorri's daughter |
| snót | lady (f) |
| snotr (ran) | wise, clever (adj) |
| snúa | turn; twist, tie; turn; go; plait; direct; snúa til - commit to; snúa undan skipi - turn one's ship to flee (ship/sailing term); snúin þar fyrir speld - protected with shutters; snúask aptir - turn back; snúa at - turn on one; snúask fram - go forth; snúask í - fall into (a fury); snúask til - turn oneself into; turn to; snúask til ferðar - set out on a journey (v) |
| sō (‡) | so, thus |
| sǫðull | saddle (m) |
| sœkja | attack; advance; proceed (v) |
| sœkja | attack; advance; proceed, go; seek; pursue; go to fetch; visit; come to; reach; sœkja at - rush at, assail; sœkja fram - advance, seek with hostile intent, attack; sœkja heim - go to see one; attack one in his house; sœkja í hendr - attack; fá (or getta) sótt - get successfully attacked, overcome; sœkja til - visit, come to, seek out; þeim muni illa sœkjask at vinna oss - it will be a hard struggle for them to master us; illa sóttisk þeim Gunnar - they had hard work to overcome Gunnar (v) |
| sœmð, sœmd | honor; redress, compensation (f) |
| sœmi-ligr | honorable; becoming (adj) |
| Sœnskr | Swedish (adj); Swede |
| sœra (ð) | wound (v) |
| sœri | oaths (n pl) |
| sofa | sleep; sofa at ótt - sleep through the night (v) |
| sofna (að) | fall asleep; vera sofanaðr (v) |
| sǫgn | account, report (f) |
| sǫk | cause, reason, sake; action; charge; offense; suit, lawsuit, dispute; fyrir sakar - on account of, because of, by reason of; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; sakir, sakar - because of, for the sake of; um viku sakar - for a week; sǫkum, fyrir sǫkum - because of (f) |
| sokkr | sock, stocking; einir sokkar - pair of socks (m) |
| søkkva | sink (v) |
| sókn | fight, attack (f) |
| Sóknadalr | Soknadale (place name) (m) |
| sól | sun (f) |
| sólar-setr | sunset (n) |
| sólar-sinnis | following the course of the sun (adv) |
| sól-bjǫrg | sunset (f) |
| sólskin | sunshine (n) |
| soltinn | hungry, starving (adj) |
| sóma (d) | become, beseem (v) |
| sómi | honor; compensation (m) |
| sonar-dauði | death of a son (m) |
| sonargjöld | wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead son (n pl) |
| sonar-son, sonarsonr | grandson; son's son (m) |
| sǫngr | song; singing; clash, clang (m) |
| sonr | son (m) |
| sópa | sweep (v) |
| sopi | mouthful, draft (m) |
| sortna | grow black or dark (v) |
| Sótanes | Sotaness (place name) (n) |
| sótt | illness, sickness (f) |
| sóttar-far | sickness (n) |
| sótt-dauðr | dead of sickness; hann varð sótt-dauðr - he died of illness (i.e., in his bed) |
| søzs (‡) | was boiled (v) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s sk sp t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| spá | prophecy, song of fate (f) |
| spaði | spade, shovel (m) |
| spakara | more wisely (adj) |
| spá-kona | prophetess, sibyl (f) |
| spakr | wise, learned; quiet (adj) |
| spánn | chip, shaving; spoon (m) |
| spannar-langr | of a span's length (adj) |
| spara (ð, að) | spare; spara við - grudge, deny; sparask til - spare oneself for (v) |
| spekð | peace; wisdom (f) |
| speki | wisdom; branch of learning, body of knowledge (f) |
| speld | shutter (n) |
| spenna (t) | span, clasp; spenna sik - gird oneself with (v) |
| spiall | spell, words, tiding (n); tale (n pl) |
| spilla (t) | destroy, spoil (v) |
| spillr | spoiler; spillir bauga - spoiler of rigs, generous prince (m) |
| spinna | spin (v) |
| spjǫr | spears;spor Dags hriðar - wound (n pl) |
| spjót | spear, lance (n) |
| spǫlr | bar, rail; short piece (m) |
| spor | track, trail, footprint; step, foothold; wound (n) |
| sporðr | tail; shield tail, lower pointed end of a shield (m) |
| sporna (að) | spurn; tread, set one's feet upon; sporna við - resist (v) |
| spörr | sparrow (m) |
| spretta | spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) |
| springa | jump, spring; issue forth; burst; die from overexertion or grief (v) |
| spyrja (spurði) | ask; hear, hear of, learn, find out, be informed of; trace; spyrr engan at - asks no one about it, asks leave of none; spyrjat - do not ask; spyrjask eptir - make inquiry (v) |
| spyrna (d) | kick; place the feet; spyrna í iljar - touch one another with the soles of the feet (two men lying on their backs) (v) |
| staa (‡) | stand; staa atir - remain (v) |
| staddr | placed, present; situated; staying; staddr við - present |
| staðfesta | farm, homestead (f) |
| staðr | place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) |
| staf-garðr | holy enclosure (m) |
| staf-karl | beggar, tramp (m) |
| stafn | stem of a ship, usually the prow; stern; með stǫfnum - from stem to stern (ship/sailing term) (m) |
| stafn-búi | forecastle guard (ship/sailing term) (m) |
| stafr | wooden staff, stick; pole, timber; crozier (m) |
| stag | stay (ship/sailing term) |
| stál | steel; steeled weapon (n) |
| stallari | marshal (m) |
| stalli | altar (heathen) (m) |
| stallr | stall; perch (for hawks); pedestal (m) |
| standa | stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) |
| stanga | ram, (head)butt, gore (of cattle); stangask - butt each other (v) |
| starf | trouble, work (n) |
| starfa | work (v) |
| starfa (að) | work (v) |
| starfa-minna | less arduous (adj) |
| stark (‡), starkir (‡) | strong (adj) |
| staþga (‡) | establish; staggaþr - last, secure (v) |
| staþgi (‡) | agreement (m) |
| steði | anvil, stithy (m) |
| steðja | stop; fix, settle (v) |
| stefna | refrain, repeated comment or phrase (n) |
| stefna | direction, course; meeting; appointment; summons (f) |
| stefna (d) | go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at; call, call together, summon (v) |
| stefnu-dagr | summoning-days, days assigned by law on which summoning was to be done (m pl) |
| steikja | roast (v) |
| steina | paint (v) |
| Steinbjörn | Steinbjorn, Stone-Bear (personal name) (m) |
| stein-dyrr | doorway of stone (f pl) |
| steinn | stone, rock; cave or stone dwelling; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) |
| Steinn | Stein (place name) Stone (m) |
| stein-smíði | stone implements (n) |
| stela | steal, rob, rob one of (v) |
| stēna (t) (‡) | stain, color (v) |
| sterkliga | strongly (adv) |
| sterkr | strong (adj) |
| steypa | throw down; totter, fall in ruin; steypask útan borðs - leap overboard; stœyptuz ór brynium - they threw off their mail-coats (v) |
| stiarna | star (f) |
| stíga | step, walk; tread; stíga á hest - mount a horse; stífa af hesti, stíga af baki - dismount a horse; stíga storum - take long steps; stíga fram - step forward; stíga í - step on or into; stíga upp á stokk ǫðrum fœti - set one foot up on the planking-beam (v) |
| stígr | path, way (m) |
| stig-ræip (‡) | stirrup (n) |
| stikill | point (m) |
| stikkæ | stick of wood (f) |
| stikla | leap, run (v) |
| stikubligr | stick-gazer, miser (nickname) (m) |
| stilla | arrange; stilla til um - make arrangements (v) |
| stillR | ruler (m) |
| stiltr | controlled |
| stinga | stab, thrust (v) |
| stinnr | stiff, unbending, strong (adj) |
| stirð-lyndr | harsh (adj) |
| stirðr | harsh, severe; stiff, rigid (adj) |
| stirt | harshly (adv) |
| stjarna | star (f) |
| stjórna | rule over, govern, command (v) |
| stjórn-borði | starboard side, 'steering-side' (m) |
| stjórnsamr | ambitious, overbearing (adj) |
| stóð | stud (of horses) (n) |
| stóð-hross | stud-horse; mare (n) |
| støðr (‡) | standing firm |
| stöðull | milking pen (for cows) (m) |
| stǫðva | stop, halt (v) |
| stoeðingr | brace (ship/sailing term) |
| stofa | stove room, a room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskáli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held; sitting room (f) |
| stokkr | log, plank, piece of wood; wooden beam; base of an anvil (m) |
| støkkva | spring, burst, leap; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) |
| støkkva (ð, t) | drive (v) |
| stóll, stōll (‡) | stool, chair; bishop's see; king's throne or residence (m) |
| stolther (‡) | proud, magnificent (adj) |
| stǫng, stöng | pole, staff, standard-pole (f) |
| stór-illa | very ill, very badly |
| størkla (t) | strengthen (v) |
| stórlátr | proud, haughty, arrogant (adj) |
| stór-mannligr | magnificent, grand (adj) |
| stór-menni | men of rank, big men (n) |
| stórmenska | generosity; magnanimity (f) |
| stórmerki | mystery, sacrament; notable thing; great wonders (n pl) |
| stormr | storm (m) |
| stórr | huge, great, big (adj) |
| stór-ráðr | daring; haughty; ambitious (adj) |
| stór-skorinn | huge (of huge proportions) (adj) |
| stórum | hugely (adv) |
| stór-vel | right well (adv) |
| stór-viðr | beams (big beams) (m pl) |
| stór-virki | deed (great deed) (n) |
| strá, stráa | strew, spread (v) |
| strā-døiæ (‡) | die a natural death |
| strand (‡) | shore (f) |
| strandhögg | shore raid, piracy; høgva strandhögg - engage in piracy (n) |
| straumr | current, stream (m) |
| strengja (ð, d) | fasten; swear solemnly; string tight; strengja heit - make a solemn vow (v) |
| strengr | rope, cable (ship/sailing term); scroll; bowstring (m) |
| stridha (dd) (‡) | make war (v) |
| stríðr | severe (adj) |
| strīth (‡), striith (‡) | war, battle (n) |
| strjúka | stroke, rub, wipe; caress; smooth, brush (v) |
| strǫnd, strönd | beach; strand; shore; coast; border; edge (f) |
| stund | time; period of time; hour; a while, a time; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) |
| stundar | very, quite (adv) |
| stundi | groan (v) |
| stundum | sometimes, at times (conj) |
| styðja (dd), studdi | rest; support; provide with supports; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) |
| styggr | shy (adj) |
| stynja, stundi | groan, moan (v) |
| stynr | groan, moan (m) |
| stýra (ð) | steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) |
| stýri, styri | helm, rudder (n) |
| stýri-maðr | captain (of a ship), steersman (m) |
| stýris (‡) | guidance, government (f) |
| styrkilse (‡) | stengthening (f) |
| styrkr | strength; assistance (m) |
| styrktar-maðr | benefactor; supporter (m) |
| suðr | south; southwards (adv) |
| suðr-æt | south (f) |
| Suðreyjar | Hebrides (from a Norwegian perspective, lit the South Isles) (f pl) |
| Suðreyskr | Hebrides resident, someone from the Hebrides |
| suðr-ganga | journey south (to Rome) (f) |
| Suðri | South |
| Suðrlönd | Southlands, Germany (n pl) |
| suðr-maðr | southerner; a German; a Saxon (m) |
| suðrœn | southern; from the south (adv) |
| Suðr-Rygirnir | South Rogalanders (m pl) |
| súð-þakiðr | roofed with overlapping boards |
| Súðvirki | Southwark (place name) (m) |
| sultr | hunger (m) |
| sumar | summer; um sumarit - in the summer; hvert sumar - every summer (m) |
| sumars-dagr | day of summer |
| sumars-dagr | day of summer (m) |
| sumar-viðr | wood (summer wood) (i.e. wood collected in summer for charcoal as opposed to wood for heating purposes in winter) (m) |
| sumr | some (adj pron) |
| sumra | draw near summer (v) |
| sund | sound, strait (n) |
| sundfœrr | able to swim; sundfœrr of sæ - seaworthy, lit able to swim over the sea (adj) |
| sundr, í sundr | asunder (adv) |
| sunna | sun (f) |
| sunnan | southern, from the south; fyrir sunnan land - in the south of the land; sunnan af landi - from the south of the land (adv) |
| sunnan-þoka | mist from the south (f) |
| sunnarstr (‡) | southernmost, farthest south (adj) |
| Sunnudalr | Sunnudal (place name) (m) |
| súpa | sip, drink; take a sip (v) |
| Surtr | Surt, the lord of Múspelheimr (m) |
| sút | sorrow; sút leiðar þvengs - winter, 'serpent's sorrow' (f) |
| suþ-nautar (‡) | brethren of the boiling, those who eat together at the sacrificial feast (m pl) |
| svá | so, thus, in this way; also; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) |
| svæla (d) | suffocate from smoke (v) |
| Svafrlami | Svafrlami (personal name), first owner of the cursed sword named Tyrfing |
| svala | swallow (v) |
| svalr | cool, cold (adj) |
| svanni | lady (m) |
| svanr | sea-bird; swan (m) |
| svar | answer, reply (n) |
| svara (að) | answer (v) |
| svardagi | oath (m) |
| svarð-lauss | grassless (adj) |
| svarri | haughty woman (m) |
| Svartálfrheimr | Svartalfheim (place name, mythological) world of the dark elves (m) |
| svartr | black |
| Svartr | Svart (personal name) Black (m) |
| sváss | sweet; beloved (adj) |
| svefn | sleep (m) |
| svefnhús | sleeping-room (n) |
| sveigja (ð) | bend (v) |
| sveimun | soaring, flitting (f) |
| svein-barn | boy (n) |
| sveinn | boy, lad, servant; page (m) |
| svein-stauli | boy, urchin (m) |
| sveipa (ð, að) | wrap, encircle; sweep; swing (v) |
| sveit | group or body of men (f); troop; band, company; region; community, district (f pl) |
| sveitar-rækr | driven out of the district |
| sveiti | sweat, blood (m) |
| sveitungr | follower, retainer (m) |
| svelga | swallow, take a deep draft (v) |
| svell | ice; fetils svell - the gleaming sword (n) |
| svella | swell, rise high (v) |
| svelta | die (of starvation); starve, suffer hunger; svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (v) |
| sverð | sword (n) |
| sverð-Freyr | warrior, 'sword-Frey' (m) |
| sverðsegg | sword's edge (f) |
| sverja (svarði) | swear (an oath) (v) |
| Svía-konungr | king of the Swedes (m) |
| Svíar | Swedes (m pl) |
| svíða | burn, singe; smart, cause pain (v) |
| sviga lae | fire (bane of switches) |
| svigi | switch (m) |
| svik | treason (n pl) |
| svíkja | betray (v) |
| svima, svimma | swim (v) |
| svinnr | swift; wise (adj) |
| svipan | swing, blow, sweep (f) |
| svipstund | moment (f) |
| svipta (t) | reef (sails) (ship/sailing term); sweep; throw, fling (v) |
| svipting | struggle; pull (f) |
| Svíþjóð | Sweden (f) |
| Svíurr | Sviur (personal name) |
| sví-virðing | disgrace (f) |
| Svívör | Svivor, a giantess killed by Thor (f) |
| svǫr | replies, answers (n pl) |
| swær | father-in-law |
| sýn, syn | sight; vision (f) |
| sýna (d) | show; appear to be, seem; exist (v) |
| synja | deny (v) |
| synja (að) | refuse, deny (v) |
| sýnum | by sight, apparently (adv) |
| sýra | sour whey (f) |
| syrgja (ð) | sorrow; be disheartened; weep (v) |
| sýsla | business; work (f) |
| systir | sister; jǫtna systir - giantess (f) |
| systkin | brother and sister (n pl) |
| systrungr | cousin (m) |
| systur-son | son of one's sister (m) |
| sytnr | moaning |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| t(h)īma (d) (‡) | befall (v) |
| tá | toe (f) |
| ta | argue (v) |
| tæla | trick, betray (v) |
| tafl | game of tables (resembling backgammon); [from Latin tabula] (n) |
| taka | take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldy; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) |
| tákna | mean, signify (v) |
| tal | talk, parley, conversation; consultation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) |
| tala | talk, speech; account (n) |
| tala (að) | talk, speak; discuss, converse; tala við - talk with (v) |
| tálma (að) | hinder (v) |
| tann-skeptr | having a handle of walrus ivory |
| tár | tear (n) |
| taufr | charms, talisman (n pl) |
| taumr | bridle, rein; ganga í tauma - fail, not be fulfilled (m) |
| tefla (lð) | play at 'tables', play board games (v) |
| teitr | cheerful, merry; frolicsome (adj) |
| Teitr | Teit (personal name) |
| tēkn (‡) | token, sign (n) |
| telja (talða) | count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; telja at - object to; telja fyrir - relate to one; try to persuade; telja á hendr - find fault with, rebuke; telja upp - enumerate; telja ættir sinar til - trace their descent back to; teljask undan - refuse, decline (v) |
| temja | tame; train, exercise (v) |
| Temps | Thames river (f) |
| tengsl | ropes; fastenings by which boats were tied together for battle (ship/sailing term) (n pl) |
| teygja | entice (v) |
| thær (‡) | who, that |
| thiænist (‡) | service (f) |
| thiænist-mæn (‡) | servant (m) |
| thøft, thōft (‡) | slow in action or wit (adj); þœfa - to walk clumsily (v) |
| thō-līkr (‡) | such, similar |
| tholugher (‡) | patient (adj) |
| Thōrs-dagher (‡) | Thursday (m) |
| thré (‡) | three (num) |
| thrif-lēkr (‡) | activity; success (m) |
| thwingæ (‡) | oppress, subdue (v) |
| Thyt(h)æsk (‡) | German, a German person |
| tíð | time (f) |
| tíða | desire (v) |
| tíðendi, tíðindi | news, tidings; events; verða tíðendi, vera (or bera) til tíðinda - come to pass, happen (n pl) |
| tíðr | frequent, usual; happening; hvat er títt um þik? - what is the matter with you?; ti erum bók - I often occupy myself with books; sem tiðast - as fast as they could; aldrigh tīth (‡) - never (adj) |
| tiðum | often (adv) |
| tiginn | of high rank |
| tigr | ten, a decade (m num) |
| tik | dog (a female dog) |
| til | in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) |
| til | too, very (adv) |
| til-gørð | merit; provocation (f) |
| til-høra (dh) (‡), til-hoyra (‡) | belong to, pertain to |
| tilkall | claim (n) |
| til-kváma | importance; consequence (f) |
| tillagagoðr | reliable; well-disposed (adj) |
| til-lit | glance, look; ilt til-lit - look expressing dislike (n) |
| til-skipan | arrangement; hafa tilskipan - make plans (f) |
| til-sȳkia (‡) | visit, resort to (v) |
| timbra (að) | build, timber, construct |
| tími, t(h)īme (‡) | time; occasion; um tíma - for any time (m) |
| tin-knappr | knob of tin (m) |
| tīonde (‡) | tenth (ord num) |
| tirœðr | counted by tens; ten tens (adj) |
| títt | quickly (adv) |
| tíu, tiu | ten; tiu tigir - a hundred (num) |
| tiughu (‡) | twenty (num) |
| tivar | gods (m pl) |
| tjá (ð) | help; avail (v) |
| tjald | tent, canopy; pavilion; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) |
| tjalda | pitch a tent, set up (booth or tent) (v) |
| tjaldáss? | tentpole (debated) |
| tjaldat | tented; with its awning up |
| toddi | bit, piece, morsel (m) |
| Tófa | Tofa (personal name) |
| toga (að) | pull; fǫrum sem okkr fœtr toga - let us be off as fast as we cn go; togask - pull hard (against) (v) |
| tøgr | ten; hálfa fjórði tøgr - half the fourth ten, thirty-five (num) |
| tól | tool |
| tólf | twelve (num) |
| tólfræðr | counted by twelves, twelve tens (adj) |
| tólfti | twelfth (ord num) |
| tolla (að) | adhere, stick to (v) |
| tómliga | slowly (adv) |
| tómr | slow (adj) |
| tǫng | tong |
| tǫnn, tönn | tooth (f) |
| topt | homestead; the walls or foundations of a (former) building (f) |
| Toptavöllr | Toptavallr (place name) (m) |
| torf | turf (n) |
| torfa | patch of grass or turf (f) |
| tor-fluttr | difficult to perform (adj) |
| tor-fœra | difficult part of a road (f) |
| tor-sóttr | difficult (adj) |
| Tósti | Tosti (personal name) |
| trauðla | hardly, scarcely (adv) |
| trauðr | unwilling, reluctant (adj) |
| traust | help, protection, support, confidence (n) |
| trautt | scarcely (adv) |
| tré | tree; wood; log, beam (n) |
| tregr | reluctant (adj) |
| trémaðr | scarecrow (m) |
| tréna | dry up (v) |
| tré-telgja | wood-cutter (nickname) (f) |
| trjóna | pole (f) |
| trǫð | treading (f); lane between fences (f pl) |
| troða | tread; walk, go; cram, pack; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) |
| troða | pole, stem of wood; troða marglóðar - lady |
| trog | trough (n) |
| trō-lekær (‡) | faithful, loyal (adj) |
| trǫll | troll (n) |
| tros | droppings (n) |
| trú, trōa (‡) | faith; (Christian) religion (f) |
| trúa | troth, good faith (f) |
| trúa (ð), trōa (‡) | believe; trust, have faith; trúa afli - trust in one's might (v) |
| trú-liga | thoroughly; truly (adv) |
| trúr | safe; trusty (adj) |
| tryggr (van) | safe, true, trusty (adj) |
| tugla-mǫttull | cloak with straps (m) |
| tuldr (‡) | toll (m) |
| túlka (að) | act as the spokesman; túlka mál - plead one's case (v) |
| tún | dwelling; farmstead; abode; enclosure; courtyard, (enclosed) field; hayfield; homefield; home meadow; (poetic) dwellings, precincts (n) |
| tunga | tongue; language; tongue of land at the meeting of two rivers (f) |
| tungl | moon (n) |
| tungl-skin | moonlight (n) |
| tuttugu | twenty (num); tuttungundi - twentieth (ord num) |
| tveir | two (num) |
| tvennr | twofold, of two kinds |
| tví-hólkaðr | mounted with a double ring |
| tví-tugr | measuring twenty (stanzas) |
| týja | do, work; help, assist; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) |
| týna (d) | perish, be lost; lose; forget; mistake (v) |
| typpa | top, crown; put a top on; um hǫfuð typpa - wind a headdress on the head (v) |
| tyrfa (ð) | cover with turf (v) |
| Tyrfingr | Tyrfing (personal name) |
| tyswar (‡) | twice (adv) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| ú- | negative prefix |
| uðr | wave |
| úfr | splint, sail pin (later luff) (ship/sailing term) |
| ugga | fear (v) |
| ú-gildær (‡) | unatoned, without compensation |
| ulfr, úlf, ulv (‡) | wolf (m) |
| ull | wool (f) |
| um | over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) |
| um (‡) | if (conj) |
| umbúð | preparation; veita umbúð - make arrangement to do a thing (f) |
| um-búningr | outfit (m) |
| um-gjǫrð | scabbard (f) |
| um-huxan (‡) | reflection (f) |
| um-hverfis | around (prep and adv) |
| um-ráð | help, patronage (n) |
| um-rœða | talk, discussion (f) |
| um-sjá | care (f) |
| um-skipti | change; umskipti er á orðit - a decision has been reached (n) |
| um-sýsla | assistance |
| una | dwell, stay, abide, live at; enjoy, be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) |
| und | wound (f) |
| und | under (prep) |
| undan | under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) |
| undar-liga | strangely, wondrously (adv) |
| undar-ligr | strange, wondrous (adj) |
| undir, undi (‡) | under, below; in; beneath; up to; behind; eiga undir sér - have in one's power, be able to manage; niðr undir - down into (prep) |
| undir-dāne (‡) | subject (m) |
| undir-fǫrull | underhand, false (adj) |
| undir-maðr | underling, dependant (m) |
| undorn | midday (the time before or after the midday meal) |
| undr | marvel, wondrous thing (n) |
| undrask (að) | marvel at, be amazed at; wonder at, be astonished (at) (v) |
| ung-menni | youth (n) |
| ungr | young (adj) |
| unna | grant, allow; not to grudge; love (v) |
| unnr | wave (f) |
| unz | until; til þess unz - until (conj) |
| upp | up, upward (motion toward); upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) |
| upp-dyri | lintel, upper cross-piece of doorway (n) |
| upp-haf | beginning (n) |
| upp-himinn | heavens ('upper heaven'), the heavens or sky above (m) |
| uppi | up (position); raised up; be at an end; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) |
| uppivǫzlu-maðr | pushing, contentious man (m) |
| upplenzker | Uplands, of or pertaining to the Uplands (Norwegian highlands) (adj) |
| Upplönd | Uplands (place name) Norwegian highlands (n pl) |
| upp-reist | success; raising up (f) |
| uppréttr | erect (adj) |
| uppruni | origin (m) |
| Uppsalir | Uppsala (place name) (m pl) |
| upp-stertr | elated, 'with his tail up' (adj) |
| úr | drizzle; flakes of metal (n) |
| Urðarbrunnr | Urdarbrunn, the Well of Fate (m) |
| urðr | weird, (dire) fate; undoing, ruin; (pl.) fates, powers of fate; (name of a norn) |
| Urðr | Urd, Fate, that which should become, one of the three Norns (f) |
| ú-skæll (‡) | unfair dealings (n pl) |
| út | out; from abroad; fara út í lǫnd - go abroad (from Norway) (adv) |
| útan | outside (of); externally; beyond; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) |
| útan-ferð | passage abroad (f) |
| útan-lands | abroad (adv) |
| útar | farther out; útarsk - farthest out (adv) |
| útarliga | far out; setjask útar-liga - sit near the door (adv) |
| út-burðr | exposure of an infant (m) |
| út-ganga | going out (f) |
| Útgarðr | Utgard, the Outer Enclsoures, the home of the giants (place name) |
| ūt-gift (‡) | payment; charge (f) |
| út-giúta | to shed, make flow (v) |
| ūt-glūta (‡) | shed, make flow (v) |
| úti | outside; out at sea; unsheltered (adv) |
| úti-búr | outhouse; shed (n) |
| úti-dyrr | outer door (f pl) |
| útlægr | outlawed (adj) |
| út-lænninge (‡) | foreigner (m) |
| út-lagi | outlaw (m) |
| út-lendr | foreign (adj) |
| út-norðr | north-west, 'out north' (adj) |
| út-roðr (rar) | rowing out to fish (m) |
| út-suðr | south-west, 'out south' (adj) |
| út-synningr | south-west wind (m) |
| ú-witændhes (‡) | unknowingly (adv) |
| uxi | ox (m) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| vaather (‡) | wet (adj) |
| váð | cloth (n); clothes (n pl) |
| vaða | wade; wade through (water), pass through; rush (at an opponent); vaða fram - charge onward (v) |
| vað-áss | wooden pole or beam (for drying the washing) (m) |
| vaðir | clothes (f pl) |
| váðir | clothes |
| vægð | mercy, forbearance (f) |
| væmpti sik (‡) | armed himself (v) |
| vængr | wing (m) |
| væni | expectation |
| vænkask | take a good turn, bid fair (v) |
| vænn | beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising; Þjálfa var eigi vænt - could not be expected; venna - more likely, probable, vænstr - most likely (adj) |
| vænta (t) | expect, hope for (v) |
| Væringi | Varangian, the name of the Norse warriors who served as bodyguards to the emperors of Constantinople in the Varangian Guard (m) |
| væta (tt) | wet (to wet), stain (v) |
| vætki | no one; not a whit, nothing |
| vætr | nothing (n); not at all (adv) |
| vætta | hope, expect (v) |
| vættfang | battlefield, scene of action (n) |
| vættr | creature, being; supernatural being, spirit (f) |
| vagga | cradle (f) |
| vagn | wagon; vehicle (m) |
| vagn-karl | carter (someone who drives a cart or wagon) (m) |
| vágr | bay, creek; sea; wave (m) |
| vág-skorinn | indented with bays |
| vaka | awake (be awake), stay awake; watch (v) |
| vaka | vigil (f) |
| vakna | awake, get up (n) |
| vakti | waken; rouse (v) |
| válað | poverty; destitution; destiny (n) |
| válaðr | poor; wretched, needy (adj) |
| vald | power, control (n) |
| valda | cause; be the cause of; wield; have authority in; have in charge (v) |
| valdr, val-dýr | wolf; carrion beast (n) |
| Valdres | Valdres, a highland region in Norway (f) |
| Valfǫðr | Valfothr, Father of the Slain, Odin |
| Valhöll | Valhalla, the Hall of the Slain (f) |
| Valir | French people; inhabitants (esp. Celtic) of France (m pl) |
| val-kyrja | valkyrie, chooser of the slain (f) |
| Valland | France (n) |
| valr | corpses on the battlefield, the slain (m) |
| val-slǫngva | war-sling (f) |
| val-tæigr | arm, 'hawk's ground'; Hilldr valtægrs - lady (m) |
| val-tafn | slain as prey (n) |
| val-tivar | gods of battle; warrior gods (m pl) |
| vamm | blemish, fault |
| ván | hope, expectation, prospect; probability; sem ván var - as was to be expected; erumk vánir - I am expecting; at vánum - to be expected; vánu bráðara - sooner than expected; (f) |
| vandalhús | wicker house (n) |
| vandalmál | complicated case, difficult matter (n) |
| vand-bálkr | partition or wall of wattle (m) |
| vandi | obligation; habit, custom; leggja í vanða sin - make a habit of (m) |
| vandliga | carefully, completely (adv) |
| vandr, vándr | difficult; evil, (qualitatively) bad, wretched; (morally) bad; wicked; obliging; vant er at sjá - one cannot know; mun oss vandara gǫrt - it will be more incumbent on us (adj) |
| vand-ræði | difficulty, trouble (n) |
| van-farinn | endangered (in evil straits) (adj) |
| vangi | upper part of the cheek (m) |
| vani | custom, usage (m) |
| Vanir | Vanir, one of the two major groups of gods ( m pl) |
| van-mátta | ill; sore (adj) |
| vanr | accustomed, wont; usual; lacking; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) |
| vansi | harm, shame (m) |
| vanta (að) | be lacking; vantar - someone misses something (v) |
| van-trō (‡) | unbelief (f) |
| vápn | weapon (n) |
| vápna (að) | arm (v) |
| vápnskipti | missile exchange (exchange of missiles) (n) |
| vápnatak | taking up of weapons at the end of the assembly (n) |
| vápnburðr | missile shower (shower of missiles) (m) |
| vápndauðir | weapon dead; killed by weapons (adj) |
| vápnfœrr | skilled in arms; capable of bearing arms (adj) |
| vápnlauss | weaponless (adj) |
| vár | spring (n) |
| var, war (‡) | was (v) |
| vara | warn; varask við - avoid, shun (v) |
| vára | become spring (v) |
| vara (ð) | expect (impers.); mik varði - I expected; mundi mik annars vara - I would have expected other treatment (v) |
| varða | cairn (f) |
| varða (að) | watch; guard against (v) |
| varði | cairn (m) |
| varði-lokur | song for attracting spirits (f pl) |
| varð-maðr | watcher, warder (m) |
| varð-veita | keep, preserve, watch, defend (v) |
| varð-veizla | keeping; things in charge (f) |
| varg-ǫld | wolf-age (f) |
| vargr | wolf (m) |
| variændi (‡) | defendant (as defendant) |
| vár-kunn | excuse; what is to be excused (f) |
| varla | scarcely (adv) |
| var-liga | scarcely (adv) |
| varmr | warm (adj) |
| varnaðr | warning (m) |
| varnaðr | goods, merchandise (m) |
| varnaðr | warning (m) |
| varnan | warning (f) |
| varningr | cargo, wares (m) |
| varr | aware; wary; var við - aware of; varr um sik - on one's guard; verð varr - become aware of, hear; varð ekki vart við þá - nothing was seen of them |
| várr | our, of us; mál várt Egils - the case between Egil and me (adj) |
| vart | scarcely; scantily; but little (adv) |
| varþing | spring assembly (n) |
| váru, vóro (‡) | were (v) |
| váru-t | were not (v) |
| vás | hardships (of bad weather) (n) |
| vas-a | was not (v) |
| vas-k-a | I was not |
| vaskr | brave, bold, gallant, valiant (adj) |
| vatn, watn (‡) | water; lake; waterway; river (n) |
| vatna (að) | covered with water; land var vatnat - the land was out of sight |
| vatns-botn | lake head; head (upper end) of lake (m) |
| vátr | wet (adj) |
| vátt-nefna | witness summons, calling of witnesses (f) |
| váttr | witness (m) |
| vaxa | grow, grow big, increase, wax; grown up; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) |
| vé | banner (n pl) |
| veð | pledge (n) |
| veðr | weather; wind; storm (n) |
| Veðrfölnir | Vedrfolnir, the hawk which sits between the eyes of the eagle atop Yggdrasill (m) |
| vefa | weave (v) |
| vefja | wrap, entangle (v) |
| vefr | weaving; web (in the loom); thrusting (of spears) (m) |
| vega | kill, slay; fight; smite; lift; vegask - fight (v) |
| vegg-berg | wall of rock (n) |
| veggr, wægg (‡) | wall (m) |
| vegna | tveggja vegna - on two sides (adv) |
| vegnest | provisions for a journey |
| vegr, vægher (‡) | road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) |
| veiða | catch; hunt (v) |
| veiði-ferð | fishing expedition (f) |
| veiði-fǫr | hunting expedition (f) |
| veiði-konnungr | hunting king (m) |
| veiði-maðr | huntsman (m) |
| veiðr | hunting, fishing, catch (f) |
| veifa | swing, wave (v) |
| Veigr | Veig, Liquor |
| veina | wail, cry out (v) |
| veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡) | give, grant; help; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) |
| veizla | feast, banquet (f) |
| vekja (vakti, vekte (‡)) | wake, waken, awake; rouse; vekja upp - wake up (v) |
| vek-k | wake (I wake); vek-k-a - I do not wake (v) |
| vel | well; very; gladly, readily, easily; vel kominn - welcome; vel at sér - nobleminded, gifted, capable; vel flestir - almost any, nearly all; vel hvat - everything (adv) |
| vél | artifice (f) |
| véla(t) | vela um - deal with (v) |
| velja | choose (v) |
| vella (d) | boil (v) |
| velspár | prophesying well or rightly |
| veltask | roll over (v) |
| venja | train; accustom; af venjask - cease one's customary practice (v) |
| venna | probable; more likely; vænstr - most likely |
| ver | sea (n) |
| vér, wī (‡) | we (pron) |
| vera | means of existence, way (of going on); resort, refuge |
| vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡) | be; last; stay; be done; happen; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) |
| verar | men (m) |
| verð | price; worth (n) |
| verða | happen, happen to, befall, come to pass; change, become; have to, be obliged to; chance to be; take place; verð at - become; verða í - happen; verða at grjóti - turn to stone; verða at sœtt - reconcile; verða fyrir - comein the way of, come under; verða sæhafa - be driven off-course (when sailing) (ship/sailing term); verða til langæðar - be one's lot for long; ekki verðr af oss - nothing comes of our efforts; ekki mundi okkr til orðit - nothing (i.e., no trouble) would have arisen between us; varð þeim þat fyrir - it happened to them; fé þeira varð vel - their cattle did well; at því mun mǫrgum verða - it shall happen to many accordingly; as many shall learn to their cost; varð fyrir þeim mǫrk - they came upon a forest; at bǫnum vertask - slay each other; verðið vel við - keep up your hearts; vitlitill við - act foolishly about; nú er á orðit mikit fyrir mér - now I have come under great difficulty; varð fyrir þeim mǫrk - they came upon a forest; vera satt - be proved true; vera at bana - be the death of, slay; at bǫnum verðask- slay each other; verðja víss - find out, ascertain; verðið vel við - keep up your hearts; verða við - respond to; verða vitlítill við - act foolishly about (v) |
| Verðandi | Verdandi (personal name, mythological) Becoming or Happening, one of the three Norns (f) |
| verðr | worth, fitting; deserving, worthy of; fitting; minna vert - less wonderful; þótti mikils um vert um þetta verk - it seemed a deed of great account (adj) |
| verðung | king's men (f) |
| ver-gjǫrn, ver-gjarn | lustful, eager for men, mad after men (adj) |
| verja (varði) | invest; lay out; er bezt varit í Nóeg - which is of the greatest value to bring to Norway (v) |
| verja (varði) | defend, protect; keep away; hold a place against, keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) |
| verk | work; deed (n) |
| verk-maðr | laborer (m) |
| verknaðr | work (m) |
| verma (d) | heat (v) |
| ver-ǫld, ver-öld | world (f) |
| verpa | throw, cast; deal out; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) |
| verr | man, husband (m) |
| verr | worse (adv) |
| verri | worse; hit verra - the worst course, evil (adj) |
| verst | worst; sem verst - as bad as it can be; as bad as possible (adv) |
| verstr, værster (‡) | worst (adj) |
| vesall | pathetic, wretched, miserable; (exclamation of impatience) (adj) |
| vesal-ligr | ugly, mean-looking, ill-favored (adj) |
| vestan | western; from the west; west (of); bearing to the west; fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) |
| vest-firzkr | Iceland geography (from the west-fjord district of Iceland) |
| vestr | westward (adv) |
| vestr | west (the west) (n); westward (adv); fyrir vestan - westward; vestr um haf - west over the ocean (to Britain); vestan at ánni - on the west side of the river |
| vestr-ætt | west (the west) (f) |
| Vestri | West |
| Vestrlönd | Westlands,the British Isles and France (n pl) |
| vestrœnn | western (adj) |
| vestrvegir | west, i.e., towards the British Isles and beyond, lit the western ways (m pl) |
| vetr (rar) | winter; í vetr - last winter; um vetrinn - for the winter (m) |
| vetrar-dagr | winter day (day of winter) (m) |
| vetr-gamall | one year (winter) old |
| vetr-grœnn | green in the winter |
| vetr-vist | lodging for the winter (f) |
| véurr | protector; Þor (Thor), 'Midgarðs véurr', 'mankind's protector' |
| við, viðr, with(ær) (‡), wiþr (‡), vidh(er) (‡) | at, greet; by, close to, beside; with, (together) with; according to, after; reaching to, against, leaning against; to, toward, toward, at; in exchange for; by; because of; by means of; equal to; against (in a contest); þar við - for it; við at - for that purpose; þar viðr - in addition to that; við innan - inside; var viðr sialft - it was a near thing, they came near to (prep) |
| víða | widely, far and wide, in many places; extensively (adv) |
| viða (að) | provide with wood; viða heim ǫllum sumarviði - bring in all the summer wood (v) |
| viðara | farther (adv) |
| viðar-kǫstr | wood-pile; pile of wood (m) |
| viðar-taug | flexible and tough twig (f) |
| viðfǫng | supplies (n pl) |
| víðfrægr | famous, widely-known (adj) |
| viðhlæjandi | laugher (one who laughs) or smiles at one |
| víðir | sea (m) |
| viðr | tree; beam; forest; wood; timber (m) |
| víðr | wide (adj) |
| viðr-eign | encounter; dealings (f) |
| Viðrir | Odin (personal name) |
| viðr-taka | defense, reception (f) |
| við-skipti | dealings (n) |
| við-taka | reception (f) |
| viðu-hús | turret (ship/sailing term) |
| viðuligr | magnificent (adj) |
| víf | woman, wife (n) |
| vifill | beetle |
| víg | battle, fight; homicide, manslaughter, killing (n) |
| víga-ferli | manslaughters (n pl) |
| viga-maðr | fighter (m) |
| víg-djarfr | bold in battle |
| vígg-ruðr | horseman, 'horse-tree'; vágaviggruðr, ruðrvágviggs - seafarer, 'tree (man, rider) of the steed of the waves' (m) |
| vígja (ð) | consecrate, hallow; lay a spell on (v) |
| vígr | able to fight; vígr vel - well-skilled in arms'; er vígt var at - whom it was permissible to slay (adj) |
| víg-reifr | rejoicing in battle |
| vígvöllr | battlefield (m) |
| vík | bay; turn(ing) (f) |
| Vík | Vik, Bay (place name) (f) |
| vika | week; vika fyrr - a week earlier; (f) |
| Víkin | Vik region, Oslo fjord |
| víking | raid; í víking - on a raid; (f) |
| víkingavörðr | Viking-Guard (coast guard against Vikings) (m) |
| vikingr | Viking, pirate (m) |
| víkja | move, turn; víkjask við - respond; take action; þat víksk eigi - that is certain; nú víkr sögunni - now the saga shifts (v) |
| Víkrmaðr | man from Vík (m) |
| víl | trouble |
| vilðar-maðr | favorite, favored retainer (m) |
| vilgi | very (adv) |
| Vilhjálmr | William (personal name); Vilhjálmr bastarðr - William the Conqueror, illegitimate son of Robert Longsword (m) |
| vili | will, desire, disposition (m) |
| Víli | Vili (personal name) |
| vilja | want, wish, will, be willing; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) |
| vill-hyggjandi | bewildered, deluded (v) |
| villi-eldr | flame, wild-fire (m) |
| villr | wild, erring, astray; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed |
| villtr | foolish, astray |
| vín | wine [from Lat. vinum] (n) |
| vinaboð | feast for one's friends (n) |
| vinátta | friendship (esp. a sincere, personal friendship) (f) |
| vín-ber | grape (n) |
| vinda | twist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) |
| Vindálfr | Vindalf, Wind-elf |
| vind-áss | windlass, 'winding pole' (ship/sailing term) (m) |
| vind-ǫld | age of storm (f) |
| vindr | wind, air (m) |
| vinfengi | friendship (esp. a contractual alliance) (n) |
| vini | leader |
| vinna | win, gain; work; perform, do, accomplish; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) |
| vinr | friend; patron, leader (m) |
| vin-sæld | popularity (f) |
| vin-sæll | popular, beloved (adj) |
| vin-skaper (‡) | friendship (m) |
| vinstri | left (adj) |
| vín-viðr | grape-vine (m) |
| virða | evaluate, estimate, value, appraise; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) |
| virðar | men (m pl) |
| virðing | honor, respect, value, reputation (f) |
| virðu-ligr | honorable, magnificent (adj) |
| virki | stronghold (n) |
| Virvir | Virvir (personal name) |
| visa | show (v) |
| vísa | guide; direct (v) |
| vísa | verse, stanza (f) |
| Vísburr | Visbur (personal name) (m) |
| vísi | leader, prince (m) |
| vísinda-kona | prophetess, sibyl (f) |
| vísindi | knowledge, intelligence (n pl) |
| víss | certain, wise; known; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) |
| vist | food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; abode; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) |
| víst | certainly, in truth (adv) |
| vísundr | bison (m) |
| vit | intelligence, sense, wit, wits, understanding (n) |
| vit | we (two) (pron) |
| vita | know; be aware of; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) |
| vita (‡) | right of taking witness (f) |
| vitaðr | ascertained |
| vitandi | knowing (v) |
| víti | penalty, punishment, liability to penalty; injury, misfortune |
| vítis-horn | sconce-horn (n) |
| vitja (að) | visit, go to (a place); vera at vitr - be found (v) |
| vit-lítill | witless, having little good sense (adj) |
| vitni | witness (n) |
| Vitr | Vit (personal name), Color |
| vitr (ran) | wise, intelligent (adj) |
| vítt | far (adv) |
| vitta (tt) | enchant, conjure (v) |
| vixla (‡) | consecrate (v) |
| vizku-munr | understanding, difference of wits (m) |
| vöðvi | muscle (m) |
| Vöggr | Vogg (personal name) (m) |
| vǫllr, völlr | field, plain; ground, level ground; vǫllr brimils - the sea, 'the seal's ground' (m) |
| vǫlva, völva | prophetess, seeress; witch, sorceress, soothsayer (f) |
| vorð, vǫrð | wife (f) |
| vorðr, vörðr | guard, watch; warden; coastguard, watchman (m) |
| vǫrn, vorn | defense (f) |
| vörr | pull of an oar (m) |
| vǫxtr, vöxtr | size, stature, growth; shape, form (m) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| wæi-mærr (‡) | ill fame (of ill fame) |
| waghn (‡) | wagon, cart (m) |
| wal-rauvaR (‡) | spoils taken from the slain (f pl) |
| wantæ (‡) | gloves (m pl) |
| wāþi (‡) | peril (m) |
| wē (‡) | temple (n) |
| wereidi (‡) | wergild, the legal value of a man's life (m) |
| wēt-wangR (‡) | battlefield (field of battle) (m) |
| wī (‡) | we (pron) |
| wiþr-ātta (‡) | dispute (f) |
| wōrthæ-løs (‡) | bewildered (n) |
| wrōngær (‡), wranger (‡) | wrong, unrighteous |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| ý-bogi, ybogi | bow (yew bow) (m) |
| yð(v)arr | your, of you (pl pron) |
| yðr | you (pron) |
| yfir | above, over, at; across, upon (prep) |
| yfir-bœtr | compensation (f pl) |
| yfir-brag | appear |
| yfir-bragð | appearance, demeanor; vel í yfirbraði - of distinguished appearance (n) |
| yfirferðar-illr | difficult to cross or travel over |
| yfir-maðr | leader, chieftain (m) |
| Yggdrasill | Yggdrasil, name of the World Tree (m) |
| ykkarr | your, of you two (adj) |
| ykkr | you (pron) |
| ýla, yla | howl, yell (v) |
| ylgr | she-wolf (f) |
| Ymir | Ymir (personal name), a giant (m) |
| ymiss, ýmiss | various; í ýmis setin - from one set to another, i.e., away from each bed-space to the next |
| ymist | by turns, variously, (adv) |
| ymja (umdi) | wail, groan (v) |
| ymr | groaning; humming sound (m) |
| Yngvi | Yngvi (personal name) |
| yppa (pð) | raise, lift (v) |
| ýr | bow of yew; yew tree (m) |
| ýrit | sufficiently (adv) |
| yrkja | work, esp. cultivate; compose (verses); yrka á - set about; attack one another; yrkisk á um - it begins (v) |
| ýtri | outer, outermost (adj) |
| ýtrster (‡) | last; at ýtersto (‡) - finally |
| yxen, yxæ (‡) | oxen (m pl) |
| ýztr | outermost (adj) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| Zóe dróttning in ríka | Empress Zoe the Great, c. 978 – 1050 AD, Byzantine Empress (f) |
| Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ | English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z |
| þá | then, at that time; þá ok þá - at nearly every moment (adv) |
| þá er | when (conj) |
| þaðan | from there, thence; þadan af, þaðan frá - from that point onward (adv) |
| þæn (‡), thæn (‡) | this, the; þæn sum - one who, such as (pron) |
| þær | they; those (ones) (f pl) |
| þagall | silent (adj) |
| þak | roof, thatch (n) |
| þakka | thank (v) |
| þan | than; fyr þan (‡) - before, until |
| þangat | to there, thither (motion toward); þangat til - till that time; þangat til er - until; (adv) |
| Þangbrandr | Thangbrand (personal name) |
| þannig | thither, in that way (adv) |
| þar | there; since; although; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) |
| þarfr | necessary; useful (adj) |
| þat | it; sá - that (one) (pron) |
| þáttr | tale, short story, 'strand' of rope or yarn (m) |
| þau | they; those (ones) (n pl pron) |
| þeccr | Thekk (personal name), Known |
| þegar | at once, immediately; already; þegar á morgin - the first thing in the morning; þegar á unga aldri - already by a young age; þegar um haustit - that very autumn; þegars - as soon as (adv) |
| þegja | be silent; keep one's mouth shut (v) |
| þegn | freeman; subject; a good man; servant (m) |
| þegnskapr | generosity; open-handedness (m) |
| þeim | that (one); þeir/þær/þau - they; those (ones) (m) |
| þeir, þē(r) (‡), þair (‡) | they; those (ones) (pron pl) |
| þeira | they; their (pron) |
| þekja | thatch, roof (f) |
| þekkja (ð) | notice, perceive; know, recognize; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) |
| þengill | king; lord (m) |
| þér | you (pron pl) |
| þerra | towel |
| þessi | this, these (pron) |
| þeygi | yet not (adv) |
| þiauþ (‡) | person (n) |
| Þiðrandi | Thidrandi (personal name) (m) |
| þiggja | accept; receive; accept lodgings; þiggja undan - get one released (v) |
| þili, þilja | deck, deck planking (ship/sailing term) (f) |
| þing, thing (‡) | assembly (legal assembly), meeting, lit thing (n) |
| þing-deila | suit at the Thing (f) |
| þing-djarfr | bold in battle (adj) |
| þing-há | assembly-district (f) |
| þing-maðr | thingman, the follower of an Icelandic chieftain, liegeman who goes with his goþi to the þing (m) |
| þingmanna-leið | route taken to attend the þing (f) |
| þing-reið | riding to attend the Thing (f) |
| þing-vǫllr | Thing-Plain (place name); ground where the þing is held, assembly-field (m) |
| þinn | your; thy, thine, of you (pron) |
| þióðlǫð | invitation (friendly invitation) |
| þit | you; you two (pron) |
| þjá (ð) | enslave (v) |
| þjó | thigh (n) |
| þjóð | people, nation; race (f) |
| þjóðann | prince; ruler (m) |
| þjófr | thief (m) |
| þjófsaugu | thief's eyes (n pl) |
| þjóna (að) | serve (v) |
| þjónustu-maðr | servant (m) |
| þjóta | flow; resound; rush (v) |
| þó | yet, and yet; however, nevertheless; þo at, þótt - though, even if (adv) |
| þœfa | walk clumsily (v) |
| þófi | saddle-pad, felt (m) |
| þǫgn | silence (f) |
| þǫgull | silent (adj) |
| þoka | fog, mist (f) |
| þǫkk, þökk, þokk | thanks (f) |
| þola, þula (‡) | suffer, endure; tolerate (v) |
| þollr | tree; fir tree (m) |
| þollr | tree (the ash Yggdrasil); post, pillar; beam |
| þopta | bench (rowing bench), thwart |
| þora (ð) | dare (v) |
| þórdis | Thordis (personal name) (m) |
| þórðr | Thord (personal name) (m) |
| þǫrf | need, lack |
| þorfastr | Thorfast (personal name) (m) |
| þorgeirr | Thorgeir (pesonal name); þorgeirr flöskubakr - Thorgeir Flask-Back (m) |
| þorgerðr | Thorgerd (personal name) (f) |
| þorgils | Thorgils (personal name); þorgils þorsteinsonnar - Thorgils, son of Thorstein (m) |
| þorgrímr | Thorgrim (personal name) (m) |
| þóríðr | Thorith (personal name) (m) |
| þorinn | Thorin (personal name) (m) |
| þórir | Thorir (personal name) (m) |
| þorkell | Thorkel (personal name); þorkell Geitisson - Thorkel, son of Geitir (m) |
| þorlákr | Thorlak (personal name) (m) |
| þor-móþR (‡) | bold of heart |
| þórólf | Thorolf (personal name) (m) |
| þórr | Thor, god of thunder, husband of Sif, son of Odin and Earth (m) |
| þorsteinn | Thorsteinn (personal name); þorstein hviti - Thorsteinn the White (m) |
| þót | although (conj) |
| þótt, þó at | though, even if; seeing that (adv) |
| þóttumk | 1/100 (num) |
| þrá | persistence; obstinacy (n) |
| þræll | thrall, slave (m) |
| þræta (tt) | deny, argue (v) |
| þráinn | Thrain (personal name) |
| þrasa | be belligerent (v) |
| þrausk | rummaging (n) |
| þreifa (að) | touch or feel with one's hand; þreifask - fumble, grope (v) |
| þrek | strength, fortitude (n) |
| þrek-lauss | timid, gutless, 'without fortitude', pithless (adj) |
| þrek-ligr | stout of frame (adj) |
| þrek-mikill | stout of heart (adj) |
| þrekvirki | courageous deed, feat of strength (n) |
| þrettán | thirteen (num); þrettándi - thirteenth (ord num) |
| þrettāundi (‡) | thirteenth (ord num) |
| þré-vetr (ran) | three years old |
| þreyja | desire; long for, suffer love-longing (v) |
| þreyta (tt) | contend; strive hard (v) |
| þriði | third (ord num) |
| Þriði | Third, one of the three interrogators of King Gylfi (m) |
| þriðjungr | third; third part; riding (m) |
| þrífa | grasp; þrifa í - lay hold of; þrifa til - grab hold of (v) |
| þrír | three (num) |
| þrír tigir | thirty (num) |
| þrjóta | fail; þraut ørindit - breath failed him (v) |
| þróask (að) | grow (big), thrive, increase (v) |
| þrǫmr | shield rim, edge (m) |
| þrǫmr | edge, rim (of shield) (m) |
| þrǫngr (van) | close together |
| þrøngva (ð) | push; press (v) |
| þrór | Thror (personal name) (m) |
| þroski | strength (full development of strength) (m) |
| Þröstr | Throst (personal name) (m) |
| þróttigr | strong, mighty (adj) |
| þrótt-lauss | weak; feeblehearted, 'without strength', pithless (adj) |
| þrúðugr | strong, powerful; doughty (adj) |
| þruma (ð) | stand motionless, hover; remain silent |
| þrumði | lie; welter (v) |
| þrymja | resound, thunder (v) |
| Þrymr | Thrymr, lord among the giants (m) |
| þrysvar | thrice (num) |
| þú | you, thou (pron) |
| þumall | thumb (m) |
| þumlungr | thumb (of a glove) (m) |
| þungr | heavy; difficult; be necessary; þungt ganga - go badly; er þungt í skapi - one is heavy-hearted (adj) |
| þunnr | thin, stretched, strained (adj) |
| þurðr | diminution (m) |
| þurfa, thorfua (‡) | need; (impers.) be necessary; have need of; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is neceessary (v) |
| þurftugr | needy (in need) (adj) |
| þurr | dry (adj) |
| þurs | giant, ogre (m) |
| þurs-ligr | giant-like (like a giant) (adj) |
| þurvi | Thurvi (personal name) (f) |
| þú'st, þú est | you are, thou art |
| þúsund | thousand, usually a long thousand (twelve hundred) (f) |
| þvá | wash (v) |
| þvengr | lace, thong; leiðar þvengr - serpent, 'thong of the road' (m) |
| þverr | adverse, athwart; contrary; um þverr - across; þvers - abruptly (adj) |
| þverra | decrease, wane, diminish, grow less (v) |
| þver-þili | transverse partition, near the entrance of the hall (n) |
| þver-tré | cross-beam (n) |
| því | thus, therefore; for this reason; because of this; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because (conj) |
| því-líkr | such (adj) |
| Þvinnill | Thvinnill (personal name), name of a Viking (m) |
| þýða (dd) | explain, interpret, interpret as; signify; win over; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) |
| þykkja (þótti) | seem, be thought; think (seem to one); þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk- seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) |
| þykkr (van) | thick, close; sem þykkvast - as close as possible (adj) |
| þykkt | thickly (adv) |
| þylja (þuldi) | recite (v) |
| Þyri | Thyri (personal name) |
| þyrma (d) | show respect or mercy to (v) |
| þyrstr | thirsty (adj) |
| þytr | howling (m) |
| þýzka | German language |
Sources
- A. Richard Diebold Center for Indo-European Language and Culture, Linguistics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Old Norse Online Base Form Dictionary, Jonathan Slocum and Todd B. Krause, http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/eieol/norol-BF.html
- E.V. Gordon, An Introduction to Old Norse, Oxford University Press; 2 edition (July 23, 1981), ISBN 9780198111849
- Jesse L. Byock, Viking Language 1, Jules William Press, © 2013, ISBN 9781480216440
- Ross G. Arthur, English-Old Norse Dictionary, www.yorku.ca/inpar/language/English-Old_Norse.pdf
- Jackson Crawford, YouTube Old Norse lecture series, Instructor of Nordic Studies and Nordic Program Coordinator, University of Colorado, Boulder
- Judith Jesch, Women and Ships in the Viking World, Northern Studies 36 (2001)
- Regia Anglorum: Mik Lawson: miklawson@yahoo.co.uk, http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/8/sayers.html
- The Society for Creative Anachronism: http://www.housebarra.com/EP/ep04/12norsecurse.html
- https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/professions/education/knowledge-of-sailing/the-ships-crew/crewmembers-in-the-viking-age/barber-surgeon
©
For information contact Jack Garrett at
info@vikingsofbjornstad.com