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| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| 1/100 (num) | þóttumk |
| English --- Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| a certain one, some, something (adj pron) | eittsvat |
| a, a certain; any (adj) | nakkvarr, nǫkkurr |
| a, an, a certain one, particular; only; einn saman, einn samt - only, alone; einir sér - by themselves, separately; at eins - only; þvi at eins - only on this condition; same; at einu - in the same way; æinn- some one; einna - of all (pron) | einn |
| ability, courage; fame, growth, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck (m) | frami |
| ability, knowledge (f) | kunnusta |
| ability, might, power; strength; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) | megin |
| ability, skill, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) | dugr |
| ability, talent, accomplishment; at atgørvi in ability (esp physical) (f and n) | atgørvi |
| ability; might (m) | máttr |
| able to fight; vígr vel - well-skilled in arms; er vígt var at - whom it was permissible to slay (adj) | vígr |
| able to go; fœrr til - capable of (adj) | fœrr |
| able to swim; sundfœrr of sæ - seaworthy, lit able to swim over the sea (adj) | sundfœrr |
| abode, dwelling, settlement (f) | bygð |
| abode, dwelling; place, spot; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| abode; company; host (n pl) | sjǫt |
| abode; food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) | vist |
| abode; skin, shape (m) | hamr |
| about to die, doomed, fated to die; dead (adj) | feigr |
| about, around; over; for; across, through; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| about, concerning; from (prep); away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) | frá |
| about, round; over, across; past, through, throughout; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| above the surface of; from above, down; downwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of (adv) | ofan |
| above, down to, over, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) | ofan |
| above, over, at; across, upon (prep) | yfir |
| above, superior to; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) | fyrir |
| abroad (adv) | útan-lands |
| abundance, multitude (m) | fjǫlði |
| abundance, plenty (f) | gnótt |
| abundant, enough (adj) | nógr |
| abyss, space (mighty space), void | ginnung |
| accomplishments, knowledge (f) | kunnandi |
| accept, receive; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| accept; have; hold, keep, possess; take; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| accept; notice, perceive; know, recognize; þekkjast - know one another (v) | þekkja (ð) |
| accept; receive; accept lodgings; þiggja undan - get one released (v) | þiggja |
| accompany, follow; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| accomplish, perform (v) | fremja |
| accomplish, perform, do; win, gain; work; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| accomplish; relate; tell; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v) | inna |
| accomplished, educated (well educated) (adj) | mannaðr |
| accomplished, well-bred (adj) | menntr |
| accomplishment | íþrótt |
| accomplishment, art; hafa hluti til menntar - have good parts, possess talents (f) | mennt |
| accord (of one's own accord) | sjálf-viljandi |
| account, report (f) | sǫgn |
| account; talk, speech (n) | tala |
| accuse, lay a charge against (v) | kæra |
| accustom; train; af venjask - cease one's customary practice (v) | venja |
| accustomed, wont; usual; lacking; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) | vanr |
| acorn (n) | akarn |
| acquaintance (m) | kunningi |
| across, above, over, at; across, upon (prep) | yfir |
| across, over; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| across, through; over; for; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| act (as), behave; go, move, travel; fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) | fara |
| act as the spokesman; túlka mál - plead one's case (v) | túlka (að) |
| act, do; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| act, do; make; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) | gera |
| act; do (v) | breyta |
| act; do, perform; make, build, compose; finish (v) | gera (ð) |
| activity; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance | háttr |
| activity; success (m) | thrif-lēkr (‡) |
| Adam (personal name) | Adam |
| add; increase, augment; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) | auka |
| adeptly, neatly, skillfully (adv) | hagliga |
| adhere, stick to (v) | tolla (að) |
| administration, management; til forrað - for rulership | forrað |
| adopt (v) | æt-lēpæ (‡) |
| adorn; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| adultery, whoredom (m) | hórdómr |
| advance, attack (f) | framganga |
| advance; go in a certain direction; turn to; aim at; call, call together, summon (v) | stefna (d) |
| advance; go, walk; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask- attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) | ganga |
| advancement, benefit, profit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) | frami |
| advantage (m) | bati |
| advantage; koma at gagni - be of service (n) | gagn |
| advantage; state, condition, affairs, character; means; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) | hagr |
| adventurous steed (m) | kenni-Valr |
| adversary, enemy (m) | andskoti |
| adverse, athwart; contrary; um þverr - across; þvers - abruptly (adj) | þverr |
| advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; agreement; authority; intention; policy; wish; taka (til) ráðs - adopt a plan; resolve; sjá at ráði - think advisable; authority; good counsel, what is advisable; þykkja ráð - seem advisable (n) | ráð |
| advisable | ráð-ligr |
| advise, counsel; consult about; rule; discuss; plot; set, arrange; decide; govern; prevail; have to deal with; go, take one's way; ráða á - progress, have to deal with interpret; go, take one's way; ráða aptr - return, hire, engage; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða heilræði - give one wholesome counsel; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða sinum (ráðum) - hold a conference; rēddo sik saman til hans dødh (‡) - they conspired against his life; ráða af - do away with, kill; decide, rule, govern; prevail; settle a poilicy; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða til - hire, engage; ráða um - consult about, discuss; ráðask til skips - go on board ship (ship/sailing term) (v) | ráða |
| advocate, supporter, speaker on one's behalf | formælandi |
| Æsir, one of the two major groups of gods (m pl) | Æsir |
| Æthelred (personal name), King Æthelred II (the unready), b. c. 966 AD – d. 1016 AD (m) | Aðalraðr konungr |
| affairs, state, condition, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) | hagr |
| affect, move; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| affection, friendship (m) | kærleikr |
| affection, liking; mind; disposition; wits; sense; inclination (n) | geð |
| affection, love (f) | ást |
| affection, love (f pl) | ástir |
| affection, love (f) | elska |
| affinity; spilla sifjar - commit incest (f pl) | sifjar |
| affirm; (refl.) prove to be true; sannaz - be affirmed, prove to be true (v) | sanna (að) |
| affliction (f) | beygja |
| affliction (f) | hrelling |
| afloat | á flot |
| afraid of the dark | myrk-fælinn |
| afraid, frightened (adj) | hræddr |
| after (prep) | æfter (‡) |
| after (prep); afterwards (adv) | æpte(r) (‡) |
| after, behind; for, to obtain; along; according to; after the death of; in succession to; in memory of; eptir landinu - along the coast; after somebody; þar eptir - after it; afterwards; behind; back; vera eptir - remain behind; honum varð eptir - he left behind (unintentionally) (prep) | eptir |
| afternoon; snacking time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 3:00 p.m. (f) | eykt |
| afterwards, since then; síðan er - since, because (conj) | síðan |
| again, once more (adv) | endr |
| again; oftener (adv) | optar |
| again; still; also; yet; further; moreover; even (adv) | enn |
| against one's will, unwilling | nauðigr, nauðugr |
| against the course of the sun (adv) | rang-sœlis |
| against, towards, to, meet (prep) | gegn |
| against; at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) | at |
| against; towards (of time); contrary; meet, escort (prep) | móti, mōte (‡) |
| age of storm (f) | vind-ǫld |
| age, count of time | aldartal |
| age, generation (f) | ald |
| age, grow old (v) | eldask |
| age, time; life; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) | ævi |
| age; lifetime; old age; long period of time; vera við aldr - be well on in years (m) | aldr |
| age; old age (f) | elli |
| age; time; [poetic] man (f); mankind, humanity, world; human beings, men (f pl) | ǫld, öld |
| aged, old (adj) | aldinn |
| aggressive man (m) | ákafamaðr |
| aggressive, fierce, terrible (adj) | atall |
| agile; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| agree to, say 'yes' (v) | já (ð) |
| agree to, say 'yes' (v) | játa |
| agreeable (adj) | geðjaðr |
| agreeable, to one's mind (adj) | skap-feldr |
| agreement (m) | staþgi (‡) |
| agreement, atonement; reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; at sætt - as atonement (f) | sætt |
| agreement; advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; authority; intention; policy; wish; taka (til) ráðs - adopt a plan; resolve; sjá at ráði - think advisable; authority; good counsel, what is advisable; þykkja ráð - seem advisable (n) | ráð |
| ahead, further forward (adv) | framar |
| ahead, in front, before; first, before; at hand, present; | fyrir |
| ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); before, preceding; at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) | fyrir |
| aid (f) | hegnan (‡) |
| aid, help (n) | fullting |
| aid, help, protection; inspection; appearance, shape (f) | ásjá |
| aid, help; people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| aid, power (m) | afli |
| aid, support; make, perform; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) | efla |
| aim at; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; call, call together, summon (v) | stefna (d) |
| air, wind (m) | vindr |
| alas! | æ |
| ale; ale-party | ǫlðr |
| ale; beer (n) | ǫl, öl |
| ale-cask (n) | ǫl-ker |
| Alf (personal name), Elf | Álfr |
| Álfheim, World of the Elves (m) | álfheimr |
| Alfred the Great (personal name) (m) | Elfráðr inn rikki |
| alive (adj) | lífs |
| alive, living (adj) | kvikr |
| alive, living, animate (adj) | kykr |
| all over, in; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| all too; very (adv) | helzti |
| all, each, every; who, which?; what; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) | hverr |
| all, whole; every; entire (adj pron) | allr |
| alleged son (m) | kenningar-son |
| allegiance, loyalty, favor; grace (f) | hylli |
| All-Father, i.e., Odin | Alföðr |
| allot (lit scrape off for you); scrape, shave (v) | skafa |
| allow (v) | lufa (aþ) (‡) |
| allow, grant; not to grudge; love (v) | unna |
| allow, let, permit; put, place, set; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| allow, permit; praise (f) | lofa (að) |
| allow, permit; praise (v) | leyfa |
| allowable to live (adj) | lift |
| almighty | almáttigr |
| almost, nearly; nearby (adv) | ná-liga |
| alms-giving (f) | almosa |
| alone; (when placed after the noun it modifies, einn can take on the meaning 'only') (adj) | einn |
| along, against; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) | fyrir |
| along; along with; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); bringing, carrying; using; by means of; among; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| alongside (laying of ships alongside for attack), attack (f) | atlaga |
| already; before; first; until (adv) | áðr |
| Alrek (personal name) | Alrekr |
| also, as well (adv) | bæði |
| also; so, thus, in this way; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) | svá |
| also; still; yet; further; again; moreover; even (adv) | enn |
| altar (heathen) (m) | stalli |
| altar of stone, sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), temple | hǫrgr |
| alter, turn, change; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | bregða |
| Althjof, Great-thief | Alþiófr |
| although (conj) | þót |
| although; there; since; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) | þar |
| always | ávalt |
| always, as often as possible; often, frequently; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) | opt |
| always, ever, constantly, equally (adv) | jafnan |
| always, ever; forever (adv) | æ, ē (‡) |
| always; ē oc ē - forever | ē (‡) |
| always; forever; ever | ey |
| English --- Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| am; em-k-a - I am not (v) | em |
| ambitious, overbearing (adj) | stjórnsamr |
| ambitious; daring; haughty (adj) | stór-ráðr |
| ambitious; eager for fame | metnaðar-gjarn |
| among, between; okkar í meðal - between us (our deaths) (prep) | meðal, á meðal, í meðal |
| among; in, within; at (position); during (time); into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) | í |
| among; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| amount to, signify; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| amuse, entertain (v) | skemta |
| amusement , pastime (f) | skemtun |
| amusing, entertaining (adj) | skemtiligr |
| An (personal name) | Án |
| Anar | Ánarr |
| ancestors (m pl) | for-eldra (‡) |
| ancestors, forefathers (through the father's line) (m pl) | langfeðgar |
| anchor (n) | akkeri |
| ancient, old (adj) | forn |
| and (conj); also (adv) but, though; ok þá - then; ok þó - although | ok |
| and, but (conj) | æn (‡) |
| and, but; than; when, if; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) | en |
| and; and if; and indeed, moreover; even; even if; and also, and so; and yet (conj) | enda |
| and; or; (introducing a question) but (conj) | eða |
| Angantyr (personal name) | Angantýr |
| angel (m) | engill |
| anger, wrath; af reiði - in anger, out of anger (f) | reiði |
| angle below the chin (f) | kverk |
| angry | reiðr, vreiðr |
| angry, exasperated; bitter, acrid; painful, sore (adj) | beiskr |
| angry, offended (adj) | reiðr |
| animal, beast, living creature (n); animals, beasts, living creatures (n pl) | kykvendi |
| animal; valuable thing (m) | gripr |
| animal; wild beast; deer (n) | dýr |
| animals; living being, creature (n) | kvikindi |
| animate, living, alive (adj) | kykr |
| anniversary, return of the same time in a year (f) | iæmbling (‡) |
| annoyance, vexation (f) | skap-raun |
| annoyance; offense (f) | mótgørð |
| another, other; second, next; one (of two) (adj pron) | annarr |
| answer (v) | anzuara (aþ) (‡) |
| answer (v) | svara (að) |
| answer, reply (n) | svar |
| answers, replies (n pl) | svǫr |
| ant; maurr haugr - ant-hill (m) | maurr |
| anvil base; log, plank, piece of wood; wooden beam (m) | stokkr |
| anvil point; spear (m) | geirr |
| anvil with a sharp point (m) | nef-steði |
| anvil, stithy (m) | steði |
| anxiety, care (f) | áhyggja |
| anxiety; think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| anxious, distressed, worried (adj) | hugsjúkr |
| anxious, eager (adj) | annt |
| any (in negative sentence); no, none (adj) | neinn |
| any, some, a certain one; einn hverr - each, each one; any one (of several); einnhvern dag - one day (adj pron) | einnhverr |
| anything whatever; everything (pron) | hvatvetna |
| apparently, by sight (adv) | sýnum |
| appear in a dream (v) | droyma (d) (‡) |
| appear to be, seem; show; exist (v) | sýna (d) |
| appear | yfir-brag |
| appearance, demeanor; vel í yfirbraði - of distinguished appearance (n) | yfir-bragð |
| appearance, feature, aspect (n) | alit |
| appearance, looks; color(ing); complexion (m) | litr |
| appearance, shape; help, aid, protection; inspection (f) | ásjá |
| appertain to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| applause; alþýðu rómr - common opinion (m) | rómr |
| appoint (v) | nlgask |
| appointment; direction, course; meeting; summons (f) | stefna |
| appraise, evaluate, estimate, value; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) | virða |
| approach; come up to (v) | nálgask |
| appropriate, truthful name (n) | sann-nefni |
| arbitration; bend, arch; beygði kenginn - arched its back (m) | kengr |
| arbitration; building, making; taka menn til gørðar - choose arbitrators (f) | gørð |
| arch | kapp |
| arch, bend (v) | beygja |
| are (v) | ru = eru |
| argue (v) | ta |
| argue, deny (v) | þræta (tt) |
| Arinbjorn (personal name) | Arinbjǫrn |
| arise, rise, stand up, get up; rísa upp - rise up, get up (v) | rísa |
| ark | ǫrk |
| arm (m) | armr |
| arm (m); upper arm and forearm (m pl) | handleggr |
| arm (v) | vápna (að) |
| arm and hand, hand; side, part; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) | hǫnd, hönd |
| arm, 'hawk's ground'; Hilldr valtægrs - lady (m) | val-tæigr |
| arm, 'hawk-strand' (f) | haukstrǫnd |
| arm, 'ring seat' (n) | baug-set |
| armed (fully); a complete equipment of arms | alvæpni |
| armed himself (v) | væmpti sik (‡) |
| armlet, ring, bracelet; coil (m) | baugr |
| armor (n pl) | herklæði |
| armored, mailed, all clad in mail, in a byrnie | albryniaðr |
| army | hær (‡) |
| army, troops, host; great number (m) | herr |
| army, war-force (n) | herlið |
| Arngrim (personal name) | Arngrímr |
| around (prep and adv) | um-hverfis |
| around, about; over; for; across, through; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| arrange; haga til - contrive (v) | haga |
| arrange; háttaðr - fashioned (v) | hátta |
| arrange; stilla til um - make arrangements (v) | stilla |
| arrangement; hafa tilskipan - make plans (f) | til-skipan |
| array, dress; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) | búa |
| arrival (f) | atkváma |
| arrival (f) | kváma |
| arrive, come; reach; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) | koma |
| arrogant man (m) | ofstopi |
| arrogant, proud, haughty (adj) | stórlátr |
| arrow (f) | ǫr, ör |
| arrow shot distance (n) | kólf-skot |
| art (f) | list |
| articles of trade, trade goods, wares (m) | kaupeyrir |
| artifice (f) | vél |
| artificer; smith; builder (m) | smiðr |
| artist; jǫru fægir - warrior (m) | fægir |
| as … as possible (with superlative); who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; where; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| as deep-witted, as deep-scheming, as resourceful (adj) | jafn-djúpvitr |
| as if, that; who; which; as; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| as long as, while, whilst; in the meantime (adv) | meðan |
| as old, of the same age (adj) | jafngamall |
| as regards, concerning; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| as regards, concerning; over; for; across, through; around, about; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| as well, with it; (adv) | með |
| as young (adj) | jafnungr |
| as, as if; so, thus, in this way; also; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) | svá |
| as, for, to obtain; in; of, concerning; on; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| as; how | at því er |
| as; who, which, that; when; where; redundant; is (conj) | er |
| as; who; which; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| ascertained | vitaðr |
| Asgard, the residence or fortress of the gods (m) | Ásgarðr |
| ash, ash tree; ash spear; small ship; the great ash tree Yggdrasill (m) | askr |
| ashes (f) | aska |
| aside from (prep) | auk |
| ask for, request (v) | æsta |
| ask, beg, command, tell, pray; bid; ask for; ask for a woman in marriage on behalf of another; biðjum - I ask for myself; biðja gera - command to be made (v) | biðja |
| ask, beg; ask for, request on one's own behalf (v) | beiða |
| ask, inquire, hear of (v) | frétta |
| ask; crave, claim, demand; demand of; krefja máls - ask speech of one (v) | krefja |
| ask; hear, hear of, learn, find out, be informed of; trace; spyrr engan at - asks no one about it, asks leave of none; spyrjat - do not ask; spyrjask eptir - make inquiry (v) | spyrja (spurði) |
| ask; learn; hear of; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) | fregna |
| assault, attack; violence (f) | atganga |
| assault, fight (f) | barsmið |
| assembly (legal assembly), meeting, lit thing (n) | þing, thing (‡) |
| assembly-district (f) | þing-há |
| asshole | bacraut |
| assign (a seat); equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| assist (v) | beina |
| assist, help; do, work; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) | týja |
| assistance | um-sýsla |
| assistance; obedience (f) | hlýðni |
| assistance; strength (m) | styrkr |
| astray, wild, erring; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed | villr |
| asunder (adv) | í sundr |
| asunder (adv) | sundr, í sundr |
| English --- Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| at (position); in, within; during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) | í |
| at a point of time; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| at home (as opposed to abroad), within the land (adv) | innanlands |
| at home; home (n) (adv) | heima |
| at last | of síðir |
| at once, at the same time; straight away (adv) | senn |
| at once, forthwith | ginstan (‡) |
| at once, immediately; already; þegar á morgin - the first thing in the morning; þegar á unga aldri - already by a young age; þegar um haustit - that very autumn; þegars - as soon as (adv) | þegar |
| at once; jafn-skjótt sem - as soon as | jafn-skjótt |
| at peace; reconciled (adj) | sáttr |
| at that time (adv) | í því |
| at that time, then; þá ok þá - at nearly every moment (adv) | þá |
| at the same time | jafn-snimma |
| at times, sometimes (conj) | stundum |
| at, greet; by, close to, beside; with, (together) with; according to, after; reaching to, against, leaning against; to, toward, toward, at; in exchange for; by; because of; by means of; equal to; against (in a contest); þar við - for it; við at - for that purpose; þar viðr - in addition to that; við innan - inside; var viðr sialft - it was a near thing, they came near to (prep) | við, viðr, with(ær) (‡), wiþr (‡), vidh(er) (‡) |
| at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) | at |
| at, in; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| Athalstan (personal name), king of England, b. 895 AD - d. 939 AD (m) | Aðalsteinn |
| atone for (v) | rétta |
| atone for; reach, stretch up or out; raise; put right; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) | rétta (tt) |
| atone or pay for; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; suffer on account of (v) | gjalda |
| atonement, agreement; reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; at sætt - as atonement (f) | sætt |
| attached to one's kin | frænd-rœkinn |
| attack, advance (f) | framganga |
| attack, assault; violence (f) | atganga |
| attack, battle; time, while; storm; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) | hríð |
| attack, fight (f) | sókn |
| attack; advance; proceed (v) | sœkja |
| attack; advance; proceed, go; seek; pursue; go to fetch; visit; come to; reach; sœkja at - rush at, assail; sœkja fram - advance, seek with hostile intent, attack; sœkja heim - go to see one; attack one in his house; sœkja í hendr - attack; fá (or getta) sótt - get successfully attacked, overcome; sœkja til - visit, come to, seek out; þeim muni illa sœkjask at vinna oss - it will be a hard struggle for them to master us; illa sóttisk þeim Gunnar - they had hard work to overcome Gunnar (v) | sœkja |
| attack; alongside (laying of ships alongside for attack) (f) | atlaga |
| attack; seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) | leita (að) |
| attend to, be a quality of; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| attend to, guard, tend, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) | gæta (tt) |
| attention, heed; gefa at gaum - pay attention to (m) | gaumr |
| attractive beautiful, fair, (adj) | fagr (ran) |
| attribute, dedicate; take possession of; eignask - get, claim, take, become the owner of | eigna (að) |
| augment, increase; add; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) | auka |
| aunt, father's sister (f) | föðursystir |
| Aurvang (place name), Mudfield | Aurvangr |
| authority (n) | manna-forráð |
| authority, power; realm; kingdom (n) | ríki |
| autumn, harvest season (n) | haust |
| avail; help (v) | tjá (ð) |
| avail; use; eat; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) | nýta (tt) |
| avenge, take revenge (v) | hefna (d) |
| avenge, take vengeance for; drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) | reka, vrækæ (‡) |
| avenger (m) | mis-yrki |
| average man; meðal á vǫxt - middle-sized man (m) | meðal-maðr |
| await, wait for, remain, abide; suffer, undergo (v) | biða (að) |
| awake (be awake), stay awake; watch (v) | vaka |
| awake, get up (n) | vakna |
| awake, wake, waken; rouse; vekja upp - wake up (v) | vekja (vakti, vekte (‡)) |
| aware; wary; var við - aware of; varr um sik - on one's guard; verð varr- become aware of, hear; varð ekki vart við þá - nothing was seen of them | varr |
| away (adv) | á brott |
| away (adv) | í braut, í brott |
| away, off (adv) | brott |
| away; away from; under (from under); from beneath; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) | undan |
| away; out; forward, on; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) | fram |
| away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv); from; about, concerning (prep) | frá |
| awful, terrible (adj) | ógurligr |
| awning up on a tent; tented | tjaldat |
| axe (f) | øx |
| axe with a long blade (f) | breið-øx |
| English --- Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| baby; child; offspring, progeny, family, kin | kind |
| back | hryggr |
| back (n) | bak |
| back (upper part of back), shoulders (f pl) | herðar |
| back oars (ship/sailing term), fall back (v) | hamla (að) |
| back, again; in opposition (adv) | gegn |
| back; aft; again; vara atir - remain behind (adv) | aptr |
| backwards, turned the wrong way | ǫfugr |
| bacon (n) | flesk |
| bad, evil; ugly, unpleasing; difficult; gørask ilt til - become badly off for; varð þeim ǫllum ilt af - it made them all sick; ilt - evil (counsel, treatment, etc.) (adj) | illr |
| badly, ill (adv) | illa |
| badness; cruelty (f) | illska |
| bag (m) | baggi |
| bag (n); clothes; bed clothes (n pl) | fat |
| bag for provisions | nest-baggi |
| bag, bellows, pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag (m) | belgr |
| bag, knapsack (m) | kýll |
| bailiff, steward (m) | bryti |
| bailiff; hostage; warder (m) | gísl |
| bake (v) | baka |
| bald (adj) | kollóttr |
| ball, glans penis | bqllr |
| ball, sphere (m) | knǫttr |
| Baltic Lands; east (m) | austrvegr |
| ban, forbid, prohibit (v) | banna (að) |
| ban, prohibition (n) | bann |
| band of men, host; people; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| band, company; troop; region; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) | sveit |
| band, cord, bond, bind, fetter; the act of binding; (pl) bands, fetters | band |
| band, girdle (m) | fetill |
| bane, cause of death, slayer; death (m) | bani |
| bane, harm, destruction, misfortune; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n) | læ |
| bank (m) | bakki |
| banner (n pl) | vé |
| banquet, feast (f) | veizla |
| baptism (f) | skírn |
| baptize (v) | cristna (‡) |
| baptize (v) | skíra (ð) |
| bar, rail; short piece (m) | spǫlr |
| bare, naked; unsheathed (of a sword) (adj) | berr |
| bargain; wages; vera af kaupi - forfeit the reward (n) | kaup |
| bark; scoff at; revile; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) | geyja |
| barley-barn (f) | bygghlaða |
| barn (f) | hlaða |
| Barra Isles (f pl) | Barreyjar |
| barren, unproductive (adj) | ó-frær |
| barren; useless (adj) | gœðalauss |
| bath; hot spring (f) | laug |
| bathe (v) | lauga (að) |
| battle (between armies), war, troop-slaying | fólcvíg |
| battle (f) | guðr |
| battle (f) | hildr |
| battle (f) | jara |
| battle (m) | hjaldr (rs) |
| battle (poetic); folk, people, men; troop, host of warriors; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) | fólk, folk |
| battle array, host (f) | fylking |
| battle, attack; time, while; storm; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) | hríð |
| battle, drawing of the sword (n) | egg-tog |
| battle, fight; beating, thrashing (m) | bardagi |
| battle, fight; homicide, manslaughter, killing (n) | víg |
| battle, 'meeting of weapons' (n) | malm-þing |
| battle, play of iron (m) | járnleikr |
| battle, 'storm of metal' (f) | malm-hrið |
| battle, war (n) | strīth (‡), striith (‡) |
| battle; clash | hlǫkk |
| battle; clash of edges (f) | eggþrima |
| battle; drawing of the sword (n) | eggtog |
| battle; feast, festival; summons (n) | bǫð, boð |
| battle; meeting; finding, discovery; á fund, til fundar við - meet, find; koma á fund - come to a meeting with (m) | fundr |
| battle; þrúðr dolga - battle, the valkyrja Hild (n) | dólg, dolg |
| battle; til orrostu - to or for battle; (f) | orrosta |
| battle-axe age (age of the battle axe) (f) | skegg-ǫld |
| battlefield (field of battle) (m) | wēt-wangR (‡) |
| battlefield (m) | vígvöllr |
| battlefield, scene of action (n) | vættfang |
| Bavor | Bávǫrr |
| bay, creek; sea; wave (m) | vágr |
| bay; turn(ing) (f) | vík |
| English --- Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| be a quality of, attend to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| be able to, obtain, beget, persuade, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could; (v) | geta |
| be able to; get, obtain, reach, catch, overtake; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) | ná (ð) |
| be able; know, know how to; feel (an emotion); blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) | kunna |
| be about to; will, shall; be sure to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) | munu |
| be afraid (v) | óttask |
| be allocated; receive; get (as one's lot); result; be obliged to (v) | hljóta |
| be allowable (impers.); listen to, hear; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) | hlýða (dd) |
| be amazed at, marvel at; wonder at, be astonished (at) (v) | undrask (að) |
| be astonished, wonder at; marvel at, be amazed at (at) (v) | undrask (að) |
| be at an end; up (position); raised up; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) | uppi |
| be attached to, belong to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| be aware of; know; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) | vita |
| be belligerent (v) | þrasa |
| be broken; become loose; be torn up (v) | losna (að) |
| be buried | iōrthæs (æth) (‡) |
| be certain of; be aware of; know; understand; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) | vita |
| be cloven, split (v) | klofna (að) |
| be cold, become cold, freeze (v) | kala |
| be current; play, sport; move to and fro; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) | leika |
| be diminished, lessen (v) | minka |
| be discovered, be found; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| be disheartened; sorrow; weep (v) | syrgja (ð) |
| be fond of, love; elskask - love one another; elskask at - grow fond of (v) | elska (að) |
| be found, be discovered, find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| be hanged (v) | hængæs (‡) |
| be in a certain place; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| be in a place; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| be in a specified condition; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| be informed; learn; hear of; ask; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) | fregna |
| be lacking; be lacking to one; skortir - one is in want of; one is short of, one lacks (v) | skorta |
| be lacking; vantar - someone misses something (v) | vanta (að) |
| be lost, perish (v) | for-faras (‡) |
| be lost, perish; lose; forget; mistake (v) | týna (d) |
| be lost; disappear; be missing; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) | hverfa |
| be married or related to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) | eiga |
| be minded, be willing (v) | nenna |
| be missing; disappear; be lost; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) | hverfa |
| be moved, shake, tremble, quake, move; march (v) | bifask (ð, að) |
| be necessary (impers.); need; have need of; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is neceessary (v) | þurfa, thorfua (‡) |
| be obligated, must, owe, have to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) | eiga |
| be obliged to; receive; get (as one's lot); be allocated; result (v) | hljóta |
| be opened (v) | opnask (að) |
| be pacified (v) | sefask |
| be pleasing, please; láta sér líka - allow oneself to be satisfied (v) | líka (að) |
| be silent; keep one's mouth shut (v) | þegja |
| be situated; lie (down); lie ill; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| be slain; fall, fall down; flow; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) | falla |
| be slain; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| be softened (v) | mýkjask (t) |
| be sprinkled; spring asunder; spring, burst, leap; snap; drive; støkkva útan - spring back (v) | støkkva |
| be suitable for, suited for; mean, bode (v) | gegna (d) |
| be sure to; will, shall; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) | munu |
| be thought, seem; think (seem to one); þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk - seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) | þykkja (þótti) |
| be willing, want, wish, will; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) | vilja |
| be without; lose (v) | missa (t) |
| be, be ready; inhabit, live (in a place), dwell; prepare, make ready; array, dress; have a household, keep house; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) | búa |
| be; last; stay; be done; happen; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) | vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡) |
| beach, ebb-tide, fore-shore, shore; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) | fjara |
| beach, shore; sand (m) | sandr |
| beach; strand; shore; coast; border; edge (f) | strǫnd, strönd |
| beak; beard; lip; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) | grǫn |
| beak; prow (m) (ship/sailing term) | hǫfuðstafn |
| beam (ground beam for tent) | berling |
| beam (the partition beam from a hall); wooden plank dividing up or marking the edge of the set (m) | setstokkar |
| beam (wooden pole or beam for drying the washing) (m) | vað-áss |
| beam of light; staff, goad (m) | geisl |
| beam, log; tree; wood (n) | tré |
| beam, timber, pole; ship | áss |
| beam; tree; forest; wood; timber (m) | viðr |
| beams (big beams) (m pl) | stór-viðr |
| bear (m) birnir (pl) | bjǫrn, björn |
| bear (n) | bjarn-dýr |
| bear, bring, carry; wear; give birth to; overcome; endure; bear (witness); bera saman - collect; compare; bera ørendi sin (upp) fyrir - plead one's case before; tell one's errand (v) | bera |
| bear, give birth to; bring up, raise (children); feed (v) | ala |
| beard (n) | skegg |
| beard; beak; lip; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) | grǫn |
| bearded (adj) | skeggjaðr |
| bearing to the east; from the east; east (of) (adv) | austan |
| bearing to the west; western; from the west; west (of); fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) | vestan |
| bearing, gestures, manner; voice; noise (n pl) | læti |
| beast, animal, living creature (n); animals, beasts, living creatures (n pl) | kykvendi |
| beast's heart (n) | dýrs-hjarta |
| beat, bruise (v) | beysta |
| beat, flog (v) | hūþ-strȳkæ (‡) |
| beat, sail near the wind (ship/sailing term) | beita |
| beat, strike, smite; berjask - fight (v) | berja (barði, bariðr) |
| beat; maim; break; strike; smite; lemja í sundr - break (v) | lemja |
| beating, thrashing; fight, battle (m) | bardagi |
| beautiful, fair, attractive (adj) | fagr (ran) |
| beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising (adj) | vænn |
| beautiful, handsome, fine (adj) | friðr |
| beautifully (adv) | fagrliga |
| beauty (f) | fegrð |
| beaver (m) | biæuær (‡) |
| beaver that is thrall (m) | biæuær-thræl (‡) |
| because of this; thus, therefore; for this reason; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because (conj) | því |
| because of; from, out of; with; concerning (prep) | af |
| because of; over; for; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| because, for | af því at |
| become angry (v) | reiðask |
| become cowardly (v) | ergjask |
| become frantic (v) | œðask (dd) |
| become loose; be broken; be torn up (v) | losna (að) |
| become night; grow dark (v) | nátta |
| become peopled, populated, full of people | fjǫlmennask (t) |
| become spring (v) | vára |
| become tired of; make tired of; lead (v) | leiða (dd) |
| become white (v) | hvítna |
| become, befit; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| become, beseem (v) | sóma (d) |
| become, turn out, happen; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| becoming, fitting, proper; deserving (adj) | makligr |
| becoming; honorable (adj) | sœmi-ligr |
| bed (f) | hvíla |
| bed (f) | sæng |
| bed (m) | beðr |
| bed; fara í rekkju - go to bed (f) | rekkja |
| bed; room, space; seat (n) | rúm |
| bee (f) | býfluga |
| bee; unda bý - arrow, 'wound bees' (n) | bý |
| beer; ale (n) | ǫl, öl |
| beer; piece of leather (m) | bjórr |
| beer-goblet (n) | bjór-ker |
| beetle | vifill |
| befall (v) | hœfa (ð) |
| befall (v) | t(h)īma (d) (‡) |
| befit, become; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| befit, beseem (v) | sama |
| before, former, previous; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) | fyrri |
| before, formerly (adv) | fyrrum |
| before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) | fyrir |
| before, previously, sooner; fyrr en - before, sooner than, until (adv) | fyrr |
| before; ahead, in front, before; first, before; at hand, present; | fyrir |
| before; already; first; until (adv) | áðr |
| beg, ask; ask for, request on one's own behalf (v) | beiða |
| beget (v) | aflæ |
| beggar, tramp (m) | staf-karl |
| begin (v) | byrja |
| begin to, proceed in; step (v) | feta |
| begin; begin (with infin.); take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; undertake; choose; accept, receive; reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| begin; enter upon (v) | byrja (að) |
| begin; lift, raise, heave; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) | hefja |
| beginning (n) | upp-haf |
| beginning; í firstu, í førstænæ - at first (f) | fyrsta |
| behave (as if); put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| behave, act (as); go, move, travel; fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) | fara |
| behavior, conduct; journey; dealings (f) | ferð |
| behavior; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, habits (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance | háttr |
| behavior; energy (f) | atferð |
| beheading, execution; blow, stroke, chop; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) | högg, hǫgg |
| being in human shape, human likeness or form | manlíkan |
| being, creature; supernatural being, spirit (f) | vættr |
| belief (m) | átrunaðr |
| believe, hold to be true; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| believe, think; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| believe; trust, have faith; trúa afli - trust in one's might (v) | trúa (ð), trōa (‡) |
| bell (f) | bjalla |
| bellow; yell, scream; twang (of a bowstring) (v) | gjalla |
| bellows, pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag, bag (m) | belgr |
| belly (m) | kviðr |
| belong to, be attached to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| belong to, pertain to | til-høra (dh) (‡), til-hoyra (‡) |
| beloved, dear, close (adj) | kærr |
| beloved, popular (adj) | vin-sæll |
| beloved; sweet (adj) | sváss |
| below; down (adv) | niðri |
| belt (n) | belti |
| bench (m) | bekkr |
| bench (rowing bench), thwart (ship/sailing term) | þopta, sessa |
| benches, boards of the benches (n) | bekk-þili |
| bend (v) | sveigja (ð) |
| bend down, bow; pay reverence to; lúta í - bend to; lúta ór horni - raise the head from the horn; lúta til - show deference to (v) | lúta |
| bend forward to see, gaze, glare (v) | gægjask (ð) |
| bend, arch (v) | beygja |
| bend, arch; arbitration; beygði kenginn - arched its back (m) | kengr |
| benefactor; supporter (m) | styrktar-maðr |
| benefit | gott |
| benefit, advancement, profit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) | frami |
| benefit, help (m) | beini |
| benevolent, loving (adj) | ástugr |
| berserker (m) | berserkr |
| beside, by, near; with; at one's place; at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) | hjá |
| best (adj) | beztr |
| best (adv) | bezt |
| betray (v) | svíkja |
| betray, trick (v) | tæla |
| better (adj) | betri |
| better known; known (adj) | kunnr |
| better, compensate, make compensation, make amends for (v) | bœta |
| better; more (adv) | betr |
| bettering, cure, remedy; adornment; (f pl) compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f) | bót |
| between, among; okkar í meðal - between us (our deaths) (prep) | meðal, á meðal, í meðal |
| between; in (prep) | milli |
| bewildered (n) | wōrthæ-løs (‡) |
| bewildered, deluded (v) | vill-hyggjandi |
| bewitch; practice sorcery (v) | síða |
| bewitched; enchanted (n) | elviscr (‡), elvist (‡) |
| beyond one's control | ó-sjálfraðr |
| beyond; outside (of); externally; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) | útan |
| bid; invite, order, command; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| Bifröst (another name for Bifröst) (f) | Ásbrú |
| Bifrost, the rainbow bridge that connects Miðgarðr and Ásgarðr (f) | Bifröst |
| big men, men of rank (n) | stór-menni |
| big or strong man (n) | afarmenni |
| big, huge, great (adj) | stórr |
| big, loud mouth | miklimunnr |
| big, stout; thick; deep (adj) | digr |
| big, tall, great, large; much, very; severe; mikill fyrir sér - powerful, strong; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; miklu - much, by far (adj) | mikill |
| bigger, more (adj) | meiri |
| billow (v) | bylgja |
| bind up (a wound); dress; bind, tie, fasten; pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) | binda |
| bind, fetter (v) | fjǫtra (að) |
| bind, fetter, band, cord, bond; the act of binding; (pl) bands, fetters | band |
| bind, fetter; hinder, make difficulty; hold back, restrain (v) | hepta |
| bind, tie, fasten; dress; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) | binda |
| birch (n) | bjarkan |
| bird (m) | fugl, fogl |
| bird family or species (f) | fuglakyn |
| bird speech, a bird's voice (f) | fuglsrödd |
| birth (f) | byrdh (‡) |
| birth (m) | burðr |
| bishop (m) | biskup |
| bishop's see; stool, chair; king's throne or residence (m) | stóll, stōll (‡) |
| bison (m) | vísundr |
| bit, piece, morsel (m) | toddi |
| bit, whit (n) | hót |
| bitch, female dog (f) | bikkja |
| bitch, gripe | beiskaldi |
| bitch; dog (n) | grey |
| bite, bite through; rip apart; cut (v) | bíta |
| bite, take effect on; fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) | festa (t) |
| bits, fragments; piece (m) | moli |
| bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful, sore (adj) | beiskr |
| bitter, wretched, shameful, harsh (adj) | herfiligr |
| Bivor (personal name) | Bívǫrr |
| Bjarni (personal name) (m) | Bjarni |
| Bjorn Fur-Skins (personal name) (m) | Skinna-Björn |
| Bjorn's daughter (personal name) (f) | Bjarnadóttir |
| Bjorn's Fjord (place name) (m) | Bjarnarfjöðr |
| black | svartr |
| black (pure black) (adj) | alsvartr |
| black art, magic, sorcery (f) | fjölkyngi |
| black tooth | blatqnn |
| black; blue; dark (adj) | blár |
| black; dark (adj) | blakkr |
| blackish, swarthy (adj) | sámr |
| blade; brand, firewood (piece of) (m) | brandr |
| Blain (personal name) | Bláinn |
| blame a person for a thing; know, know how to; be able; feel (an emotion); vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) | kunna |
| blame, reproach (m) | ámæli |
| blame, speak ill of (v) | lasta |
| blasphemy (f) | goðgá |
| blaze (v) | loga (að) |
| blazing brand, firebrand (burning wood) (m) | eldi-stokkr |
| bleating of sheep (m) | sauða-jarmr |
| bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound) (v) | dreyra |
| blemish, fault | vamm |
| blend, mix (v) | blanda (blett, -að) |
| blessed, happy; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| blind (adj) | blindr |
| blind, sightless (adj) | sjónlauss |
| blood (m) | dreyri |
| blood (n) | blóð |
| blood, 'point wave' (m) | odd-breki |
| blood, ruddiness, vital warmth | lá |
| blood, 'sea of the body' (m) | ná-sær |
| blood, 'stream of the body' (m) | ná-vimr |
| blood-eagle | bloðorn |
| blood-stained (adj) | dreyrugr |
| blood-stained; reddened (adj) | roðinn |
| bloody (adj) | blóðugr |
| blow in the face (m) | kinn-hestr |
| blow, stroke (m) | skellr |
| blow, stroke, chop; beheading, execution; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) | högg, hǫgg |
| blow, swing, sweep (f) | svipan |
| blow; blásinn - bare, stripped by the wind (v) | blása |
| blowing out, snorting (f) | fnǫsun |
| blue; dark, black (adj) | blár |
| English --- Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| boar (wild) | galti |
| board, strake, hull, plank (ship/sailing term); side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) | borð |
| board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) | borð |
| boards of a hall used for seating | flet |
| boards of the benches, benches (n) | bekk-þili |
| boast of, praise, flatter (v) | hœla |
| boast; praise (v) | hrósa |
| boastful (adj) | hrœsinn |
| boasting (n pl) | kǫpuryrði |
| boat (ship's boat) | bátr |
| boat (small boat towed behind a ship) (m) | eptir-bátr |
| boat (small boat), canoe; sledge-runner (m) | keipr |
| boat, ship (n) | skip |
| boat, small ship | skúta |
| bode, mean; suited for, be suitable for (v) | gegna (d) |
| body (m) | líkami |
| body, corpse (n) | lík, lik |
| body; shape, form (n) | líki |
| bodyguard of a king or earl; court; the king's men, retainers (f) | hirð |
| bog, fen (n) | fen |
| bog, moor, swamp; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) | myrr, mýrr |
| boil (f) | kveisa |
| boil (v) | vella (d) |
| boil, cook (v) | sjóða |
| boil, sore (n) | kaun |
| bold (adj) | snarr |
| bold in battle | víg-djarfr |
| bold in battle (adj) | þing-djarfr |
| bold man, gallant fellow; warrior (m) | drengr |
| bold of heart | þor-móþR (‡) |
| bold, brave, gallant, valiant (adj) | vaskr |
| bold, daring (adj) | djarfr |
| bold, daring, courageous, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) | garpr |
| bold, swift, keen; liberal, open-handed (adj) | ǫrr (van) |
| boldly (adv) | djarfliga |
| boldness; ability, skill, prowess; fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) | dugr |
| Bombur (personal name) | Bǫmburr |
| bondwoman (f) | ambótt |
| bondwoman (f) | hús-konæ (‡) |
| bondwoman; handmaid, maidservant (f) | ambátt |
| bone (hollow bone of arms and legs); leg; leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) | leggr |
| bone; ivory (n) | bein |
| bones (heap), bone-pile (f) | beinahrúga |
| book (f) | bók |
| Book of Settlements (f) | Landnámabók |
| Book of the Icelanders (f) | Íslendingabók |
| booth, temporary dwelling (f) | buð |
| booty; at herfangi - as booty (n) | herfang |
| border, hem, end of cloak; sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) | skaut |
| bored with a gimlet | bor-móðr |
| born | burin(n) |
| born out of wedlock | oskilgetinn |
| both (adj) | báðir |
| both, each of two (pron) | hværr-tveggja (‡) |
| both, each of two (pron) | hvárrtvegi, hvárrtvegja |
| both, in; bæði … ok - both … and (conj) | bæði |
| both; who, which (of two)?; each (of two); at hváru - yet, however (pron and adj) | hvárr |
| Bothvar (personal name) | Bǫðvarr |
| bottom, ground (m) | grunnr |
| bottom, ground; broad surface; surface of the earth, earth | grund |
| boulder, rock, stone; cliff; crag; mountain (n) | bjarg |
| boulder-strewn rocky ground; lava (n) | hraun |
| bound, obliged; due; urgent; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; right; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) | skyldr |
| boundary; banner, standard; token, mark, sign; sample; mikit merkjum - extensive, of wide expanse (n) | merki |
| bow (m) | bogi |
| bow (yew bow) (m) | ý-bogi, ybogi |
| bow of yew; yew tree (m) | ýr |
| bow; branch; besom (broom) (m) | lími |
| bow; elm (m) | almr |
| bowl (for hand-washing) (n) | i muntlauki |
| bowlegged (adj) | gleidr |
| bowline (ship/sailing term) | bóglína, boglina |
| bowline, rope; line; bridal veil; linen headdress (f) | lína |
| bow-string (m) | bogastrengr |
| bow-string, flax, linen (m) | hörr, hǫrr |
| bowstring; rope, cable (ship/sailing term); scroll (m) | strengr |
| box, receptacle (m) | skokkr |
| boy (n) | svein-barn |
| boy, lad, servant; page (m) | sveinn |
| boy, urchin (m) | svein-stauli |
| boy, young man; man; son; (m); kindred (m pl) | mögr, mǫgr |
| boy; man; warrior; hero (m) | seggr |
| brace (ship/sailing term) | aktaumr |
| brace (ship/sailing term) | stoeðingr |
| bracelet, ring, armlet; coil (m) | baugr |
| brain (m) | heili |
| branch of learning, body of knowledge; wisdom (f) | speki |
| branch, division; particular, detail | grein |
| branch; bow; besom (broom) (m) | lími |
| branches, limbs (f pl) | limar |
| brandish (a weapon), draw (sword); move quickly; break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) | bregða |
| brass (f) | mersing |
| brave, biting, keen, fierce (adj) | bitr |
| brave, bold, gallant, valiant (adj) | vaskr |
| brave, stout-hearted (adj) | hraustr |
| brave, sturdy, vigorous (adj) | röskr |
| brave, valiant (adj) | drengiligr |
| brave, valiant (adj) | frœkn |
| brave; eloquent, clever in speech (adj) | snjallr |
| brave; good, fine; liberal (adj) | góðr |
| bravely (adv) | fræknliga |
| bravely (adv) | hraustliga |
| bravely; manfully (adv) | frœknliga |
| bread (n) | brauð |
| bread-making (f) | brauðgǫrð |
| breadnose | braudnefr |
| break (faith or an oath); break off, move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); turn, alter, change; leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | bregða |
| break up (the court); gallop; make run (v) | hleypa |
| break, be broken (vi) | brotna (að) |
| break, break a hole in; rjúfa sáttmál - break an agreement or truce; rýfr veðrit - the weather clears (v) | rjúfa |
| break, break up, break open, break into; destroy; violate; deal out, distribute; exert oneself; brjóta skip - be wrecked (ship); brjóta til rikis - fight for the kingdom; brjóta upp grjót - pull up stones; exert oneself, struggle; brjótask til rikis - fight for the kingdom (v) | brjóta |
| break, breaking, opening (n) | rof |
| break, burst, crash; bresta niðr - crash down; bresta upp - burst forth (v) | bresta |
| break, violate (v) | brýtæ (‡) |
| break; maim; strike; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) | lemja |
| break; rend; snap; tear; slitit er þínginu - the assembly is ended; þar til er ór slítr - until it is quite finished (v) | slíta |
| break; snap (v) | slitna (að) |
| breakfast time; day time, a roughly three hour time of the day beginning about 9:00 a.m. (n) | dagmál |
| breaking open of a grave-mound; grave destruction (n) | hauga-brot |
| breast, chest (n) | brjóst |
| breast, heart, 'shore of the mind' (f) | mun-strǫnd |
| breast; grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) | fang |
| breath (n) | ør-indi |
| breath, spirit (m) | andi |
| breath; life; spirit, soul (f) | ǫnd, önd |
| breeches (f pl) | brœkr |
| Breidablik, the hall of the god Baldr (n) | Breiðablik |
| brethren of the boiling, those who eat together at the sacrificial feast (m pl) | suþ-nautar (‡) |
| bridal gift (n) | brúð-fé |
| bridal veil; bowline, rope; line; linen headdress (f) | lína |
| bride, young married woman; wife (f) | brúðr |
| bride-price (m) | mundr |
| bride's veil; flax; linen, linen garment (n) | lín |
| bridge; causeway built over swampy ground (f) | brú |
| bridge; gangway; pier; landing-stage (f) | bryggja |
| bridle (n) | beizl |
| bridle, rein; ganga í tauma - fail, not be fulfilled (m) | taumr |
| brief; short; fyrir skǫmmu - a short time ago (adj) | skammr |
| bright (adj) | bjartr |
| bright, clear (adj) | heiðr |
| bright, clear; light; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) | ljóss |
| Brimir, sword; (name of a sword); (name of a giant) | Brimir |
| bring about, cause; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| bring up, rear; give birth to; feed; nurse; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) | fœða (dd) |
| bring, move; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; , thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| bring, present, convey, send, give; hurl, smite; move; fœra hǫfuð - give onself up to another; fœra fram - bring forward; fœra upp - raise up; fœra fœtr við - brace one's feet against a pull; fœrask í - fall into (v) | fœra (ð) |
| bring, take, get; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| bringing, carrying; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| broad; breiðir steinar - brooches; bíta breiðara - take bigger bites | breiðr |
| broad-axe (f) | boløx |
| broad-bladed spear (n) | höggspjót |
| bronze; copper (n) | eir |
| brook, stream (m) | lœkr |
| brother (m) | bróðir |
| brother and sister (n pl) | systkin |
| brother-in-law; relative by marriage; father-in-law; son-in-law (m) | mágr |
| brown (adj) | brunn |
| brownish-gray with a dark stripe down the back | brúnmóálöttr |
| bruise, beat (v) | beysta |
| brush, smooth; stroke, rub, wipe; caress (v) | strjúka |
| buck, fellow (used as a manner of address); bokki sæll - good fellow, good sire, boss (m) | bokki |
| bucket, pail (f) | bytta |
| buffoon, fool (m) | dāræ (‡) |
| buffoon, minstrel, fool (m) | lēkare (‡), lækari (‡) |
| build, forge, make (v) | smíða (að) |
| build, make, compose; do, perform; act; finish (v) | gera (ð) |
| build, make; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| build, timber, construct (v) | timbra (að) |
| build; dwell; settle; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) | byggja (gð) |
| builder; smith; artificer (m) | smiðr |
| building of a stronghold (f) | borgar-górð |
| building, making; arbitration; taka menn til gørðar - choose arbitrators (f) | gørð |
| building, work (f) | smíð |
| built, made; done; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) | gǫrr (van) |
| bull (m) | graðungr |
| bull (m) | griðungr |
| buna (nickname of uncertain meaning, perhaps 'one with ungartered stockings,' i.e. hanging down his leg) (f) | buna |
| bunch, cluster (m) | kǫngull |
| buntline (ship/sailing term) | gyrðingr |
| Bur, Odin's father | Burr |
| burden, load (f) | byrðr |
| burial monument, mound or cairn (frequently used on Danish or Swedish rune stones in the plural); sepulchral monument (n) | kumbl |
| burial mound; grave mound; mound (m) | haugr |
| burn, be on fire; burning (vi) | brenna |
| burn, light, set on fire; brenna inna - burn (a person) in his house (vt) | brenna (d) |
| burn, singe; smart, cause pain (v) | svíða |
| burn; well; spring (m) | brunnr |
| burning light; light, lantern (n) | ljós |
| burst forth, spring up; start, spring; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) | spretta |
| burst out, gush; erupt (v) | gjósa |
| burst, break, crash; bresta niðr - crash down; bresta upp - burst forth (v) | bresta |
| burst, spring, leap; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) | støkkva |
| burst; jump, spring; issue forth; die from overexertion or grief (v) | springa |
| bury, cover over, conceal, hide (v) | hylja |
| bury; bury in a mound (v) | heygja (ð) |
| Buseyra, a giantess killed by Thor (f) | Búseyra |
| business; work (f) | sýsla |
| but (conj) | men (‡) |
| but (introducing a question); or; and (conj) | eða |
| but little; scarcely; scantily (adv) | vart |
| but when (conj) | en er |
| but, and (conj) | æn (‡) |
| but, and (conj); also (adv) though; ok þá - then; ok þó - although | ok |
| but, and; than; when, if; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) | en |
| but, except, save; unless (conj) | nema |
| butter (n) | smjör |
| button, fasten; pull (v) | kneppa (t) |
| button-hole or loop (f) | nezla |
| buy; pay for; make a bargain; dýrt kaupa - pay dearly for; kaupa at - pay, hire (v) | kaupa |
| by (means of); onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| by means of; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| by no means, not (adv) | ekki |
| by no means; far, far off; fjarri fór þat - far from it (adv) | fjarri, fierri |
| by sight, apparently (adv) | sýnum |
| by turns, variously (adv) | ymist |
| by, near (prep) | hōs (‡) |
| by, near; with; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) | hjá |
| by; at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) | at |
| Byzantine emperor (m) | Garðs-konungr |
| English --- Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| cabin (back cabin); skutr munknarrar - memory (m) | skutr |
| cable (ship/sailing term), rope; scroll; bowstring (m) | strengr |
| cable, rope (twisted rope) (m) | kaðall |
| cairn (f) | varða |
| cairn (m) | varði |
| cairn, grave (f) | dys |
| cake of dung (f) | myki-skán |
| calf (m) | kálfr |
| calf-skin shoe (m) | kálfskinn-skór |
| call to mind, remember; muna langt fram - remember from a long time back (v) | muna |
| call up; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| call upon, summon; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| call, call together, summon; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at (v) | stefna (d) |
| call, cry out; say, declare; name (v) | kalla |
| call, name, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named; pray to (v) | heita |
| call, name; mention; næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) | nefna (d), næmnæ (‡) |
| calling of witnesses, witness summons (f) | vátt-nefna |
| calm (n) | logn |
| calumny, slander (n) | illmæli |
| came | kam |
| can, be in a position to; be able to; may; could (v) | kná (knátta) |
| can, may; be able to; má mér at - that may happen to me; vera má - it is possible; mega við - be able to withstand (v) | mega |
| canoe (skin-covered canoe) (m) | huð-keipr |
| canopy, tent; pavilion; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) | tjald |
| capable of bearing arms; skilled in arms (adj) | vápn-fœrr |
| capable, enterprising (adj) | gørviligr |
| capital; chief place (m) | höfuðstaðr |
| capricious, fickle, unpredictable (adj) | margbreytinn |
| captain (of a ship), steersman (m) | stýri-maðr |
| captain, commander, leader (m) | foringi |
| captain, leader, chieftain, (lit fore-man) (m) | formaðr |
| captain; leader; chieftain; chief, ruler (m) | hǫfðingi |
| capture, take, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| capture; seize (v) | handtaka |
| care (f) | um-sjá |
| care, aid; patronage (f) | forsjá |
| care, anxiety (f) | áhyggja |
| care, care for, mind, hide, conceal; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) | hirða (ð) |
| careful, wary (adj) | gætinn |
| carefully, completely (adv) | vandliga |
| carefully, intelligently (adv) | skynsam-liga |
| carelessly (adv) | óvendiliga |
| caress; stroke, rub, wipe; smooth, brush (v) | strjúka |
| cargo (m) | farmr |
| cargo, wares (m) | varningr |
| carrion beast; wolf (n) | valdr, val-dýr |
| carrion eater | kamphundr |
| carrion, corpse (of the slain in battle), dead body (n) | hræ |
| carry sail, sail; sigla með - sail along; sail past (ship/sailing term) (v) | sigla |
| carry; bring, deliver; convey, move, remove; speak; tell, recite; plead (a case); flytja upp - unload (v) | flytja |
| carry; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| carrying off (f) | brauflutning |
| carrying, bringing; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| cart, wagon (m) | waghn (‡) |
| carter (someone who drives a cart or wagon) (m) | vagn-karl |
| carve, cut (runes), engrave; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) | rista, rísta |
| carve; cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) | skera |
| case; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; cause (n) | mál |
| cask, vat; a measure (containing about 150 lbs. of wheat) (n) | sáld |
| cast (v) | gjóta |
| cast, throw (v) | kasta (að) |
| cast, throw; deal out; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) | verpa |
| castle (m) | kastali |
| castle, fortress, stronghold; town; funeral pyre (f) | borg |
| cat (m) | kǫttr, köttr |
| catch of fish; bounty of the sea (m) | sjávarafli |
| catch, get, obtain, reach, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) | ná (ð) |
| catch, grasp, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) | fang |
| catch, hunting, fishing (f) | veiðr |
| catch, overtake; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| catch, take, capture, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| catch; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| catch; hunt (v) | veiða |
| catch; obtain (v) | hreppa |
| cat-skin and fur (n) | katt-skinn |
| catskin glove (m) | kattskinn-glófi |
| cattle (m) | fénaðr |
| cattle (n) | fí-lépi (‡) |
| cattle pasture (m) | fjár-hagi |
| cattle, farm-cattle (n) | búfé |
| cattle, oxen (n) | naut |
| cattle; sheep; wealth, money; possessions (n) | fé |
| cauldron (m) | ketill |
| cause increase, multiply (v) | œxla |
| cause of death, bane, slayer; death (m) | bani |
| cause pain, burn, singe; smart (v) | svíða |
| cause to be done, command; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| cause to hasten, hurry; hasten (v) | skynda (d) |
| cause, bring about; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| cause, condition; right, lawful claim; law; treaty (m) | réttr |
| cause, reason, sake; action; charge; offense; suit, lawsuit, dispute; fyrir sakar - on account of, because of, by reason of; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; sakir, sakar - because of, for the sake of; um viku sakar - for a week; sǫkum, fyrir sǫkum - because of (f) | sǫk |
| cause; be the cause of; wield; have authority in; have in charge (v) | valda |
| cause; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case (n) | mál |
| cavalry charge | áreið |
| cave (m) | hellir |
| cave or stone dwelling; stone, rock; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) | steinn |
| cease, stop; lift; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) | létta |
| cease; risk, venture, stake (v) | hætta |
| celebration, glory; gøra at ágætum - give great praise to (n); glorious deeds (n pl) | ágæti |
| certain, wise; known; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) | víss |
| certainly, in truth (adv) | víst |
| certainly; firmly; fast, strongly, hard (adv) | fast |
| English --- Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| chafing, scorched, pinched (adj) | skarpr |
| chain-mail shirt; mail (coat of) (f) | brynja |
| chair, stool; bishop's see; king's throne or residence (m) | stóll, stōll (‡) |
| challenge (v) | bjóðja |
| challenge; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| champion (great champion, addressing Thor) (m); einherjar - slain warriors who dwell in Valhöll (m pl) | einheri |
| champion (m) | kæmpe (‡) |
| champion, a valiant man (m) | hreystimaðr |
| champion, hero (m) | kappi |
| chance; choice, alternative; offer; opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) | kostr |
| change of mood (n) | skap-skipti |
| change, turn, alter; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) | bregða |
| change; crew (f) | skipan |
| change; divide; share; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) | skipta |
| change; umskipti er á orðit - a decision has been reached (n) | um-skipti |
| changeable (n) | hverfr |
| character, disposition (m) | skap-leikr |
| character, state, condition, affairs; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) | hagr |
| character; manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) | lund |
| characteristic(s), nature | eðli |
| charcoal, coals, cinders (n pl) | kol |
| charge; payment (f) | ūt-gift (‡) |
| chariot; riding (f) | reið |
| charm; stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; formula (m) | formáli |
| charms, mysteries (f pl); rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing (f) | rún |
| charms, talisman (n pl) | taufr |
| chase, pursue; cast down (v) | elta |
| chasm, gap, gaping | gap |
| chatter (v) | hjala |
| chatter (v) | klaka (að) |
| cheek | kinn |
| cheerful (adj) | reifr |
| cheerful in speech (adj) | glaðmæltr |
| cheerful, glad, merry (adj) | glaðr |
| cheerful, merry; frolicsome (adj) | teitr |
| cheerful; merry (adj) | kátr |
| cheese (m) | óst (‡) |
| chest, box (f) | kista |
| chest, breast (n) | brjóst |
| chicken | hœnsa |
| chickweed (heap of chickweed) (f) | arfa-sáta |
| chief place; capital (m) | höfuðstaðr |
| chief, chieftain; priest (m) | goði |
| chief, king (m) | hilmir |
| chieftain, captain, leader, (lit fore-man) (m) | formaðr |
| chieftain, chief; priest (m) | goði |
| chieftain, leader (m) | yfir-maðr |
| chieftain; leader; captain; chief, ruler (m) | hǫfðingi |
| chieftaincy (n) | goðorð |
| child (n) | barn |
| child; baby; offspring, progeny, family, kin | kind |
| childhood (f) | barnœska |
| chip, shaving; spoon (m) | spánn |
| choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) | kostr |
| choose (v) | velja |
| choose, select; pick out something for someone, determine; acquire something for someone; kjósa sik hér - prefer to be here (v) | kjósa |
| choose; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| chop, blow, stroke; beheading, execution; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) | högg, hǫgg |
| Christ (m) | Kristr |
| Christian (adj) | Kristinn |
| Christianity | cristin-dömer (‡) |
| Christianity (f) | Kristni |
| Christmas Eve | jóla-aptann |
| church (f) | kirkja |
| churl; man; old man; common man; Þorsteinn karl - old Thorstein, old man Thorstein - (m) | karl |
| cinders, charcoal, coals (n pl) | kol |
| circle, disk, orb (f) | kringla |
| circle, ring (m) | hringr |
| claim (n) | tilkall |
| claim; recover; get back; draw, summon (v) | heimta (t) |
| clang, clash; song; singing (m) | sǫngr |
| clash (n) | hnit |
| clash, clang; song; singing (m) | sǫngr |
| clash, crack (v) | gnesta |
| clash, dash noisily, clatter, rattle; roar; resound (v) | glymja |
| clash, din; gnýr malma - battle, 'clash of weapons' (m) | gnýr |
| clash; battle | hlǫkk |
| clashed, clanged (v) | hlam |
| clashing (f) | brǫkon, brokun |
| clashing (n) | gnat |
| clasp, span; spenna sik - gird oneself with (v) | spenna (t) |
| clatter, dash noisily, rattle, clash; roar; resound (v) | glymja |
| clean hands | hladhqnd |
| clear (adj) | skiær (‡) |
| clear (of defenders), strip (v) | hrjóða |
| clear, bright (adj) | heiðr |
| clear, clear-sighted | gløggr |
| clear, empty, prepare, pile up (or clear away) (v) | ryðja |
| clear, evident | auðsýnn, auðsynn |
| clear, manifest; gøra skýrt - make definite (adj) | skýrr |
| clear; light, bright; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) | ljóss |
| clear; urgent | brýnn |
| clearing, open space in a forest (n) | rjóðr |
| cleave, split (up) (v) | kljúfa |
| cleaver (skull cleaver) | hausakljufr |
| cleaver, sword (short sword) (f) | skálm |
| clench rivets, rivet (v) | hnjóða |
| clench, harden (v) | herða |
| clever in speech, eloquent; brave (adj) | snjallr |
| clever, crafty (adj) | slœgr |
| clever, moderately or middling wise (adj) | meðal-snotr (ran) |
| clever, wise (adj) | snotr (ran) |
| clever, wise, well-informed (especially in history) (adj) | fróðr |
| clew line (ship/sailing term) | hefill |
| clew up (haul the lower corners of a square-rig sail up to the yard by means of the clew lines) (v) (ship/sailing term) | halsa |
| cliff, crag; hammer (m) | hamarr |
| cliff; rock, stone, boulder; crag; mountain (n) | bjarg |
| climb (v) | klífa |
| climb; leap, spring; run; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) | hlaupa |
| clinch on a sword's hilt (f) | hug-ró |
| cloak (f) | skikkja |
| cloak (m) | feldr |
| cloak with straps (m) | tugla-mǫttull |
| close hand-to-hand fight (f) | hǫgg-orrosta |
| close to, close by, closely, near, nearer, nearly; when; næst - nearer, next; því næst - thereupon, next; þessu næst - after this; þat er nú þessu næst at - the next event to be told is that (adv) | nær |
| close together | þrǫngr (van) |
| close, dear, beloved (adj) | kærr |
| close, near; mun nálægt verða - it will be a near thing (adj) | ná-lægr |
| close, thick; sem þykkvast - as close as possible (adj) | þykkr (van) |
| close; finish, end; use up; shut; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) | lúka |
| cloth, garment (n); clothing (n pl) | klæði |
| cloth, stuff; mailcoat (n) | skrúð |
| cloth; (pl.) clothes | váð |
| clothe; get dressed (v) | klæða (dd) |
| clothes | váðir |
| clothes (f pl) | vaðir |
| clothes (f) | ript |
| clothes; bed clothes (n pl); bag (n) | fat |
| clothes; linen (n) | lérept |
| cloud (n) | ský, sky |
| clouds (dense clouds with opening in them) (f) | glugga-þykkn |
| English --- Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| coast without a harbor (open, harborless coast) (n) | ør-œfi |
| coast; beach; strand; shore; border; edge (f) | strǫnd, strönd |
| coastguard, watchman; guard, watch; warden (m) | vorðr, vörðr |
| coat of ring mail (f) | ringhabrynia (‡) |
| coat, feather-coat, feather skin; shape (m) | fjaðrhamr |
| coat, kirtle (f) | skyrta |
| cock (m) | hani |
| coil; ring, bracelet, armlet (m) | baugr |
| coin, money; penny; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; 1/10 eyrir; piece of property, article; penningar miklir - a good sum of money (m) | penningr |
| cold (adj) | kaldr |
| cold, cool (adj) | svalr |
| cold, reserved; few; little; a small number; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) | fár |
| Cold-Back Mountain (n) | Kaldbak |
| coldly; slowly (adv) | seint |
| collect, gather (v) | safna |
| collect; gather (v) | samka |
| collect; gather (v) | samna |
| color(ing); looks, appearance; complexion (m) | litr |
| color, fashion (runes) (v) | fá (ð) |
| color, stain (v) | stēna (t) (‡) |
| colored (dyed) clothes | litklæði |
| colorless, pale (adj) | litlauss |
| comb (m) | kambr |
| combat (single) | en-wīgh (‡) |
| come to pass, happen; reach, touch, strike against; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; begin (with infin.); undertake; choose; accept, receive; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| come, arrive; reach; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn (v) | koma |
| comfort, consolation (f) | huggan |
| comfortable; easy, convenient, possible; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| command, cause to be done; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| command, invite, order; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| command, rule over, govern (v) | stjórna |
| command, steer, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| commander; duke (m) | hertogi |
| commandment | boðorð |
| commemorate with a funeral feast; inherit; throw a funeral feast (v) | erfa (ð) |
| commend, make over; hide, conceal (v) | fela |
| commit (v) | andvarða |
| committee, council (f) | næmd (‡) |
| common sense, human intelligence; intelligence (n) | mannvit |
| commonly, usually (adv) | hversdagliga |
| commons, people (m) | al-mög(h)e (‡) |
| community of food; leggya mǫtuneyti sitt - make a common store of provisions (n) | mǫtu-neyti |
| community, district; troop; band, company; region (f pl); group or body of men (f) | sveit |
| companion (m) | kompān (‡) |
| companion (m) | lagsmaðr |
| companion on a journey (m) | fǫru-nautr |
| companion, friend, partner, comrade, fellow (m) | félagi |
| companion; host (m); host, company (m pl) | sinni |
| company (n) | fǫruneyti |
| company, band; troop; region; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) | sveit |
| company, host (m pl); host; companion (m) | sinni |
| compel, press, urge on, force; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) | knyja, knýja |
| compensate, better, make compensation, make amends for (v) | bœta |
| compensation (f pl) | yfir-bœtr |
| compensation (n pl) | iðgjǫld |
| compensation or ransom for a dead otter, Otter's ransom, wergeld (n pl) | otrgjöld |
| compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f); remedy, bettering, cure; adornment; (f pl) | bót |
| compensation, redress; honor (f) | sœmð, sœmd |
| compensation, wergeld or ransom for a dead brother (n pl) | bróðurgjöld |
| compensation, wergeld or ransom for a dead son (n pl) | sonargjöld |
| compensation; honor (m) | sómi |
| compensation; tribute; payment; reward; tax; wergild (n) | gjald |
| compensations | bœtr |
| competition, contest; spirit, ardor, courage | kapp |
| complain, cry out (v) | krikta |
| complete, whole; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| complete; established (adj) | fullkominn |
| completely (adv) | ful-komlīka (‡) |
| completely foolish (adj) | alheimskr |
| completely settled | al-byggðr |
| completely, carefully (adv) | vandliga |
| completely, entirely; everywhere; allt til Orneykja - all the way to the Orkney islands; alt til þess - right up to that point; allt upp undir - right up under | allt |
| complexion; looks, appearance; color(ing) (m) | litr |
| compliant, easily led; genial (adj) | leiðitamr |
| complicated case, difficult matter (n) | vandalmál |
| compose, make, build; do, perform; act; finish (v) | gera (ð) |
| compose, write; make, build; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| compose; find, discover, notice; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| comrade, friend, partner, companion, fellow (m) | félagi |
| conceal a thing; loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| conceal, hide; leynask - hide oneself, be concealed; leynask í brott, leynask í burt - steal away, leave (v) | leyna (d) |
| conceal, hide; make over, commend (v) | fela |
| conceal, mind, care, care for, hide; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) | hirða (ð) |
| concede, yield; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| conceit; reserve, folly | dul |
| concern; touch (v) | snerta |
| concerning, about; from (prep); away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) | frá |
| concerning, as regards; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| concerning, as regards; over; for; across, through; around, about; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| concerning, of; in; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| concerning; from, out of; with; because of (prep) | af |
| conclusion of suits (f pl) | mála-lykðir |
| concoct, express; read, gather (v) | lesa |
| concubine, mistress (f) | frilla |
| condemned to outlawry, outlawed; guilty; convicted; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) | sekr |
| condition, cause; right, lawful claim; law; treaty (m) | réttr |
| condition, state, affairs, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) | hagr |
| condition, state; reason; material (n) | efni |
| condition, stipulation; preamble, foreward, preface; formula; charm (m) | formáli |
| condition; track; subject; conduct, deeds (n) | far |
| conduct of life (n) | līfwerne (‡) |
| conduct, behavior; journey; dealings (f) | ferð |
| conduct, deeds; track; subject; condition (n) | far |
| conference (f) | mál-stefna |
| confess (v) | ganga við |
| confidence, help, protection, support (n) | traust |
| conflict (m) | sam-gangr |
| conflict; dealings (f) | sam-eign |
| conjure, enchant (v) | vitta (tt) |
| conquer, overcome; win, gain; work; perform, do, accomplish; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| consecrate (v) | vixla (‡) |
| consecrate, hallow; lay a spell on (v) | vígja (ð) |
| consequence; importance (f) | til-kváma |
| consider (to be), think; expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| consider, think over; determine (v) | hugsa (að) |
| consider, try to decide (v) | íhuga |
| consider; count, reckon; conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; telja at - object to; telja fyrir - relate to one; try to persuade; telja á hendr - find fault with, rebuke; telja upp - enumerate; telja ættir sinar til - trace their descent back to; teljask undan - refuse, decline (v) | telja (talða) |
| consolation (f) | hugarbót |
| consolation, comfort (f) | huggan |
| Constantinople, Miklagard, 'mighty stronghold' (m) | Miklagarðr, Mikligarðr |
| constantly (adv) | iem-līca (‡) |
| constantly, ever, always, equally (adv) | jafnan |
| constantly, long time (adv) | löngum |
| constantly, long, far-off (adv) | löngu |
| constitution; law, laws | lög, lǫg |
| construct, build, timber (v) | timbra (að) |
| consultation; talk, parley, conversation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) | tal |
| contend; divide; distinguish; quarrel; deila við - contend with (v) | deila (d) |
| contend; strive hard (v) | þreyta (tt) |
| contention, disagreement (f) | deila |
| contention, slander (n) | róg |
| contest, competition; spirit, ardor, courage | kapp |
| contest, game, sport, play; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) | leikr |
| contest, wrestling; grasp, catch, hold; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) | fang |
| continuous; firm, fast; hard, severe (adj) | fastr |
| contriver of mischief, misfortune (m) | bölvasmiðr |
| control, power (n) | vald |
| controlled | stiltr |
| contumely, hostility; insult (n) | nið |
| convenient, easy, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| conversation, talk (f) | rœða |
| conversation, talk, parley; consultation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) | tal |
| conversation; discussion; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| conversation; word; speech; message; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) | orð |
| converse, discuss; talk, speak; tala við - talk with (v) | tala (að) |
| converse, speak, discuss (v) | rœða |
| conveyance (means of conveyance); horse (m) | farar-skjóti |
| convicted; guilty; outlawed, condemned to outlawry; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) | sekr |
| cook (m) | mat-sveinn |
| cook, prepare food (v) | mat-búa |
| cool, cold (adj) | svalr |
| copper; bronze (n) | eir |
| core of a boil (m) | kveisu-nagli |
| corn; grain; seed (n) | korn |
| corner of the sail, sheet (ship/sailing term); hem, border, end of cloak; láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) | skaut |
| corner; horn; drinking horn (n) | horn |
| corpse (of the slain in battle), dead body, carrion (n) | hræ |
| corpse, body (n) | lík, lik |
| corpse, dead man (m) | nár |
| corpses on the battlefield, slain (m) | valr |
| correct, right, straight; just, fair; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) | réttr |
| correct, without flaw (adj) | rétt-ligr |
| corresponding to, in accordance with; like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; similar to (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| corsair (pirates who operated along the Barbary Coast of North Africa) (m) | kussari |
| cost, expense (m) | kostnaðr |
| cost; expense; choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) | kostr |
| cost; put forth effort; kosta rásar - run at great speed (v) | kosta |
| costly thing, ornament (n) | hnoss |
| cough (m) | hósti |
| council, committee (f) | næmd (‡) |
| counsel; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel (f) | ráðagørð |
| count, earl (m) | grēue (‡) |
| count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; telja at - object to; telja fyrir - relate to one; try to persuade; telja á hendr - find fault with, rebuke; telja upp - enumerate; telja ættir sinar til - trace their descent back to; teljask undan - refuse, decline (v) | telja (talða) |
| counted by tens; ten tens (adj) | tirœðr |
| counted by twelves, twelve tens (adj) | tólfræðr |
| counter-attack, resistance, defense; til móttöku - to a defense, to counter-attack (f) | móttaka |
| country, district (n) | herað |
| country; land; estate (n) | land |
| countryman; inhabitant or native of a country (m) | lands-maðr |
| county between two others (m) | miþal-þriðiungr (‡) |
| courage, ability; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; fame, growth, success (m) | frami |
| courage, daring (n) | áræði |
| courage, energy (f) | dáð |
| courage, nobility (m) | drengskapr |
| courage, valor (f) | hreysti |
| courage; ability, skill, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, doughtiness (m) | dugr |
| courage; contest, competition; spirit, ardor | kapp |
| courageous deed, feat of strength (n) | þrekvirki |
| courageous, bold, daring, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) | garpr |
| course, direction; meeting; appointment; summons (f) | stefna |
| course, procession, a walking (f) | ganga |
| court of confiscation (m) | féráns-dómr |
| court; bodyguard of a king or earl; the king's men, retainers (f) | hirð |
| court; judgment; reputation, fame; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) | dómr |
| courteous, well-bred (adj) | kurteiss |
| courteously, with dignity (adv) | kurteisliga |
| courtyards of a house (pl.), homestead(s), premises | heimisgarðar |
| cousin (m) | systrungr |
| cover with turf (v) | tyrfa (ð) |
| cover, protection; shield; shelter (f) | hlíf |
| cover, sheath (f) | hulða |
| covered with water; land var vatnat - the land was out of sight | vatna (að) |
| cow (f) | kýr |
| cow (young cow) | skirja |
| coward (raven starver) | hrafnasueltir |
| cowardly | huglausi |
| cowardly, effeminate, (passively) homosexual (adj) | ragr |
| cowardly, womanish, effeminate, (passively) homosexual (adj) | argr |
| English --- Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| crack, clash (v) | gnesta |
| crack, creak (v) | braka (að) |
| cradle (f) | vagga |
| crafty, clever (adj) | slœgr |
| crag, cliff; hammer (m) | hamarr |
| crag; rock, stone, boulder; cliff; mountain (n) | bjarg |
| cram, pack; tread; walk, go; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) | troða |
| crash (v) | gnata (að) |
| creak, crack (v) | braka (að) |
| create, make; pronounce, impose, decree (v) | skepia (skóp, skapða) |
| creator | skapari |
| creature, being; supernatural being, spirit (f) | vættr |
| credit, honor (f) | mann-virðing |
| creek, bay; sea; wave (m) | vágr |
| creep through an opening; pierce (v) | smjúga |
| creep, crouch (v) | krjúpa |
| crew (m pl); oarsman (m) | háseti |
| crew; change (f) | skipan |
| crooked, unjust; wrong, false (adj) | rangr |
| crop, field | akr |
| cross (m) | kross |
| cross (n) | kors (‡) |
| cross-beam (n) | þver-tré |
| crouch, creep (v) | krjúpa |
| crow (f) | kráka |
| crowd (m) | múgr |
| crowd, force of men (n) | fjǫlmenni |
| crowd, throng, drift, hurry, rush (vi) | drifa |
| crowd, throng; equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| crowded, in a large group, numerous; with many people, well-attended (adj) | fjǫlmennr, fjölmennr |
| crown of the head (m) | hvirfill |
| crown, top; put a top on; um hǫfuð typpa - wind a headdress on the head (v) | typpa |
| crozier, episcopal staff | bagall |
| crozier; wooden staff, stick; pole, timber (m) | stafr |
| cruelty; badness (f) | illska |
| crusaders (m pl) | Jórsalafarar |
| cry out, call; say, declare; name (v) | kalla |
| cry out, complain (v) | krikta |
| cry out, wail (v) | veina |
| cry, cry out; scream, shout (v) | œpa (t) |
| cry; scream (v) | hlakka |
| Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived; monk (Irish monk), pope, priest (m) | papi |
| cup-bearer; trencherman; officer of high rank (m) | skutil-sveinn |
| curdled milk (n) | skyr |
| curiosity (f) | forvitni |
| curious (adj) | fregnvíss |
| current, stream (m) | straumr |
| curse; worship; worship with sacrifice; sacrifice, sacrifice in worship (v) | blóta |
| curses (m pl) | feikinstafir |
| curve; í bugh sklialdr - behind the curved shield (m) | bughr (‡) |
| cushion, pillow (n) | hœgindi |
| custom (f) | sið-venja |
| custom, habit; obligation; leggja í vanða sin - make a habit of (m) | vandi |
| custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance | háttr |
| custom, usage (m) | vani |
| custom; religion (m) | síðr |
| customary rights, law of the land (m) | landsréttr |
| cut (runes), carve, engrave; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) | rista, rísta |
| cut (v) | bita |
| cut (v) | sníða |
| cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; smooth, even out, tidy, trim; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) | jafna (að) |
| cut off from inheritance (adj) | af-skipta |
| cut runes; write; scratch, cut (v) | ríta |
| cut, scratch; write; cut runes (v) | ríta |
| cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) | skera |
| cut; bite, bite through; rip apart (v) | bíta |
| cutting, slice; trench; flensing of a whale (m) | skurðr |
| English --- Top a b c d di e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| Dainsleif, the name of Hógni's sword, 'Dain's inheritance' | Dáinsleif |
| dainty (of food), delicacy (f) | krás |
| dairy cattle; milk cows, milch cows (f) | mál-nyta |
| dale, dell, valley (m) | dalr |
| damage, destroy (v) | hata (að) |
| damage, harm, loss; death (m) | skaði |
| damage, injure, hurt; maim; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) | meiða (dd) |
| dance, dancing-song (m) | danzleikr |
| dandy, gaudy person | oflati |
| dandy, lover of finery (m) | skartsmaðr |
| Danes (m pl) | Danir |
| danger, harm (m) | háski |
| dangerous | hœttr |
| dangerous situation; peril (f) | ó-fœra |
| dangerous; hlífum hættr - destructive to shields (adj) | hættr |
| Danish (adj) | Danskr |
| dare (v) | þora (ð) |
| dare, hit, hurt; venture; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) | bella |
| daring, bold, courageous, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) | garpr |
| daring, courage (n) | áræði |
| daring; haughty; ambitious (adj) | stór-ráðr |
| dark (adj) | døkkr |
| Dark Elves (m pl) | Døkkálfar |
| dark, black; blue (adj) | blár |
| dark; darkness (adj) | myrkr (van) |
| dark; without light-colored defective spots (of furs) (adj) | ófǫlr (van) |
| darken; grow black or dark (v) | sortna |
| darken; grow dark (v) | myrkva (t) |
| dart, spear (for throwing), pike, shaft; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) | fleinn |
| dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash; roar; resound (v) | glymja |
| daughter (f) | dóttir |
| daughter's son; grandson (m) | dótturson |
| dauntless; strong of heart (adj) | hraustligr |
| dawn (f) | nætr-elding |
| dawn (v) | daga |
| dawn, day, daylight (m); days, daylight hours, time (m pl); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time | dagr |
| dawn; illuminate; proclaim (v) | lysa |
| dawn; night (last part of the night before dawn) (f) | elding |
| day (n) | dœgr, døgr |
| day of summer | sumars-dagr |
| day of summer (m) | sumars-dagr |
| day time, a roughly three hour time of the day beginning about 9:00 a.m.; breakfast time (n) | dagmál |
| day, daylight, dawn (m); days, daylight hours, time (m pl); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time | dagr |
| daybreak (f) | dagan, dǫgun |
| day-mark, time of day (n) | dagsmark |
| day-meal, the chief meal, eaten about 9:00 a.m. (m) | dagr-verðr |
| days assigned by law on which summoning was to be done, summoning-days (m pl) | stefnu-dagr |
| days, daylight hours, time (m pl); day, daylight, dawn (m); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time | dagr |
| dead (adj) | liflátinn |
| dead body, corpse (of the slain in battle), carrion (n) | hræ |
| dead man, corpse (m) | nár |
| dead of sickness; hann varð sótt-dauðr - he died of illness (i.e., in his bed) | sótt-dauðr |
| dead, death (adj) | dauðr |
| dead, deceased (adj) | látinn |
| dead, deceased; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| dead; doomed, about to die, fated to die (adj) | feigr |
| dead; move, go; pass (usually of time), progress; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) | líða |
| deaf (adj) | daufr |
| deaf-mute, stupid (adj) | daufi |
| deal out; throw, cast; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) | verpa |
| deal with; meet; join; sem landit mœttisk ok flóðit gekk efst - where the land and high tide meet (v) | mœta (tt) |
| deal with; vela um - deal with (v) | véla(t) |
| dealings (n) | við-skipti |
| dealings; conflict (f) | sam-eign |
| dealings; encounter (f) | viðr-eign |
| dealings; journey; conduct, behavior (f) | ferð |
| dear | kœrr |
| dear, close, beloved (adj) | kærr |
| dear, expensive; precious (adj) | dýrr |
| dearth; season (bad season) (n) | ó-áran |
| death (f) | hæl |
| death (m) | dødher (‡), døther (‡) |
| death (m) | dødher (‡), døther (‡) |
| death (m) | höfuðsbani |
| death (n) | andlát |
| death of a son (m) | sonar-dauði |
| death tidings; sæghia dǫuðar-orð - slay one in a fight (n) | dǫuðar-orð (‡) |
| death, fatal wound, mortal wound (n) | banasár |
| death, loss of life (n) | fjǫrlag |
| death, loss of life (n) | líflát |
| death; bane, cause of death, slayer (m) | bani |
| death; harm, damage, loss (m) | skaði |
| death; lifs né dauða - neither in life nor in death (m) | dauði |
| death-blow (n) | banahǫgg |
| death-day (m) | dauðadagr |
| debt; í skuld - on credit (f) | skuld |
| decade, ten (m num) | tigr |
| decay, rot (v) | fúna |
| decayed, rotten (adj) | fúinn |
| deceased, dead (adj) | látinn |
| deceased, dead; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| deceit | flœrð |
| deceitful, false (adj) | fláráðr |
| deceive oneself; keep on in ignorance of; vera dulinn - be unaware of; ganga duliðr - be mistaken; (v) | dylja (dulði) |
| deception, tricking (f) | ginning |
| decide; advise, counsel; consult about; rule; discuss; plot; set, arrange; govern; prevail; have to deal with; go, take one's way; ráða á - progress, have to deal with interpret; go, take one's way; ráða aptr - return, hire, engage; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða heilræði - give one wholesome counsel; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða sinum (ráðum) - hold a conference; rēddo sik saman til hans dødh (‡) - they conspired against his life; ráða af - do away with, kill; decide, rule, govern; prevail; settle a policy; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða til - hire, engage; ráða um - consult about, discuss; ráðask til skips - go on board ship (ship/sailing term) (v) | ráða |
| decide; divide; share; change; amount to; shape; exchange; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) | skipta |
| deck planking? | fjöl? |
| deck, deck planking (ship/sailing term) (f) | þili, þilja |
| declare, say; call, cry out; name (v) | kalla |
| declare, speak, say; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| declare; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| decrease, wane, diminish, grow less (v) | þverra |
| decree, pronounce, impose; make, create (v) | skepia (skóp, skapða) |
| deed (f) | dáð |
| deed (f) | gerning (‡) |
| deed (great deed) (n) | stór-virki |
| deed (wicked deed) (n) | ó-verk |
| deed; work (n) | verk |
| deeds, conduct; track; subject; condition (n) | far |
| deep (adj) | djúpr |
| deep-minded (adj) | djúpauðigr |
| deep-witted, resourceful (adj) | djúpvitr |
| deer; wild beast; animal (n) | dýr |
| defend, keep, preserve, watch (v) | varð-veita |
| defend, protect; keep away; hold a place against, keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) | verja (varði) |
| defendant (as defendant) | variændi (‡) |
| defense (f) | vǫrn, vorn |
| defense at law (f) | lǫgvǫrn |
| defense, reception (f) | viðr-taka |
| defense, resistance, counter-attack; til móttöku - to a defense, to counter-attack (f) | móttaka |
| deity with skis (n) | ǫndur-god |
| delay (f) | dvǫl |
| delay, respite; lj'a fresta - give; respite (n) | frest |
| delicacy, dainty (of food) (f) | krás |
| delight, entertainment (m) | fǫgnuðr, fógnuðr |
| delight, joy | angan |
| delight, pleasure; entertainment; þykkja gaman at - take pleasure in (n) | gaman |
| deliver, put, give; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| dell, dale, valley (m) | dalr |
| deluded, bewildered (v) | vill-hyggjandi |
| demand; ask; crave, claim; demand of; krefja máls - ask speech of one (v) | krefja |
| Denmark (f) | Danmörk |
| deny (v) | synja |
| deny, argue (v) | þræta (tt) |
| deny, refuse (v) | neita (tt) |
| deny, refuse (v) | synja (að) |
| depart; loosen, untie; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| dependent person needing assistance (i.e., children and old people) (f) | ó-megð |
| dependent, underling (m) | undir-maðr |
| dependents, family (n) | skulda-lið |
| depopulation (f) | landauðn |
| depressed, gloomy (adj) | ó-kátr |
| depressed, glum (adj) | óglaðr |
| deprive of, plunder, rob (v) | ræna, ráena |
| deprive one of speech, make silent (v) | fyr(ir)nema |
| derive benefit from; use; eat; avail; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) | nýta (tt) |
| descendants; lineage (f) | kyn-kvísl |
| descended; hvar hann var æ - what was his origin (v) | ættaðr |
| deserved, fitting (adj) | makligr |
| deserving; fitting, proper, becoming (adj) | makligr |
| desire | girnd |
| desire (f) | fýst |
| desire (impers.); urge, encourage (v) | fýsa (t) |
| desire (m) | luste (‡), loste (‡) |
| desire (v) | længæ |
| desire (v) | tíða |
| desire a service of one; want, wish, will, be willing; intend; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) | vilja |
| desire for oneself (v) | girnas |
| desire, will, disposition (m) | vili |
| desire; long for, suffer love-longing (v) | þreyja |
| desire; urge, encourage; braut fýsir mik - I desire to depart, I am in haste to depart; fýsask í braut - be eager to go away (v) | fýsa, fysa |
| desire; wish (v) | lysta |
| desolate (adj) | óvistuligr |
| desolate (unpopulated) valley (m) | eyðidalr |
| desolate forest land (m) | eyðimǫrk |
| despair, despondency; fear; words or sounds of despair (f) | æðra |
| despondency, despair; fear; words or sounds of despair (f) | æðra |
| destiny, fate; war (n pl) | ørlǫg, örlög |
| destiny; fate (n pl) | forlǫg |
| destiny; poverty; destitution (n) | válað |
| destitution; poverty; destiny (n) | válað |
| destroy, damage (v) | hata (að) |
| destroy, do away with; waste; spend; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) | eyða (dd) |
| destroy, spoil (v) | spilla (t) |
| destroyer (m) | fárbjóðr |
| destroyer, harrier | herr |
| destruction, harm, misfortune, bane; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n) | læ |
| details (pl) | deili |
| determine; consider, think over (v) | hugsa (að) |
| deviation, transgression, offense (n) | afbrigði |
| devise; find, discover, notice; compose; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| dew (f) | dǫgg, dögg |
| English --- Top a b c d di e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| dialect; language; speech, talk; tale, story; information; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| die (of starvation); starve, suffer hunger; svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (v) | svelta |
| die (v) | andask |
| die a natural death | strā-døiæ (‡) |
| die from overexertion or grief; jump, spring; issue forth; burst (v) | springa |
| die, pass away (v) | deyja |
| difference in fortune, turn or shift of luck (m) | gæfumunr |
| difference of wits, understanding (m) | vizku-munr |
| difference; heart, mind; fyrir engan mun - for no consideration (m) | munr |
| different from, unlike, unlike to (adj) | ólíkr |
| difficult (adj) | ó-hœgr |
| difficult (adj) | tor-sóttr |
| difficult matter, complicated case (n) | vandalmál |
| difficult part of a road (f) | tor-fœra |
| difficult to cross or travel over | yfirferðar-illr |
| difficult to perform (adj) | tor-fluttr |
| difficult, hard; severe, sharp (adj) | harðr |
| difficult, quarrelsome, stubborn, troublesome to deal (with); overbearing; þykkja ódælt við - think one difficult to deal with (adj) | ó-dæll |
| difficult, troublesome (adj) | erfiðr |
| difficult; evil, (qualitatively) bad, wretched; (morally) bad; wicked; obliging; vant er at sjá - one cannot know; mun oss vandara gǫrt - it will be more incumbent on us (adj) | vandr, vándr |
| difficult; heavy; be necessary; þungt ganga - go badly; er þungt í skapi - one is heavy-hearted (adj) | þungr |
| difficulty (f) | gin-værda (‡) |
| difficulty, need, distress; harm; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) | nauð(r) |
| difficulty, trouble (n) | erfiðr |
| difficulty, trouble (n) | vand-ræði |
| dig; engrave, inlay; grafa niðr - bury; grafinn nið - rooted to the ground (v) | grafa |
| diligent (adj) | idhe-līkr (‡) |
| dimension; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| diminish, decrease, wane, grow less (v) | þverra |
| diminish, dwindle (v) | réna |
| diminished; sitja fyrir skart um - live in want of (adj) | skarðr |
| diminution (m) | þurðr |
| dim-sightedness (m) | óskyggn-leiki |
| din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) | dynja |
| dine (eat a meal) | matask (að) |
| direct, set (in a course); set; seat; place, put; make; set up; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| direct, steer, command, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| direct; guide (v) | vísa |
| direct; just, fair; right, correct, straight; unswerving; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) | réttr |
| direction, course; meeting; appointment; summons (f) | stefna |
| direction, point of compass, region; family, line, lineage, stock, tribe, descent, race; ancestry; í æ Vǫlsunga - like the race of the Volsungs (f) | ætt |
| direction; road, way; journey; glory, honor; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| directly; right, rightly (adv) | rétt (r) |
| dirt, mold, earth (as substance); soil (f) | mold |
| dirty, filthy (adj) | ókræsi-legr |
| dirty, nasty (adj) | óþokku-ligr |
| disagreement (f) | ó-sætt |
| disagreement, contention (f) | deila |
| disappear; be lost, be missing; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) | hverfa |
| discomfort (n) | óhægindi |
| discover, find, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| discuss, converse; talk, speak; tala við - talk with (v) | tala (að) |
| discuss, speak, converse (v) | rœða |
| discussion, talk (f) | um-rœða |
| discussion; conversation; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| disease, plague; injury, pain, harm, hurt; koma at meini - do harm to (n) | mein |
| disgrace (f) | óvirðing |
| disgrace (f) | sví-virðing |
| disgrace, shame (m) | skami (‡) |
| disgrace, shameful rebuff (f) | sneypa |
| disgrace; humiliation (f) | læging |
| dishonor | ó-sæmd |
| dishonor (f) | ósœmd |
| dishonor, ignominy (m) | ósómi |
| dismissal, sending away (f) | brottvaðning |
| dispenser of fate (m) | mjǫtuðr |
| display (v) | birta |
| display; spread; stretch (v) | breiða |
| displease (v) | mislíka |
| disposition (m pl) | skaps-munir |
| disposition, character (m) | skap-leikr |
| disposition, lay, order; stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| disposition, mood (n) | skap-lyndi |
| disposition, will, desire (m) | vili |
| dispute (f) | wiþr-ātta (‡) |
| dissuade, hinder (v) | letja (latti) |
| distingished, noble, worshipful (adj) | göfugr |
| distinguish; distress (v) | angra |
| distinguish; divide; quarrel, contend; deila við - contend with (v) | deila (d) |
| distinguished (of distinguished appearance), imposing (adj) | mikil-úðligr |
| distress, difficulty, need; harm; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) | nauð(r) |
| distress; distinguish (v) | angra |
| distressed, anxious, worried (adj) | hugsjúkr |
| distribute; share, hand out; mediate; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) | miðla |
| district, community; troop; band, company; region (f pl); group or body of men (f) | sveit |
| district, country (n) | herað |
| disturbance of the peace (n) | ó-sætti |
| ditch, hole, pit (f) | grǫf, gróf |
| ditty, short verse (m) | kviðlingr |
| divide (v) | deila |
| divide; distinguish; quarrel, contend; deila við - contend with (v) | deila (d) |
| divide; share; change; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) | skipta |
| divine strength (n) | ás-meginn |
| divine, of divine origin | reginkunnr |
| division (n); dealings (n pl) | skipti |
| division of an army (m) | hælfningr |
| division or share of property (n) | fjár-skipti |
| do away with, destroy; waste; spend; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) | eyða (dd) |
| do harm (v) | saka (að) |
| do harm to, harm (v) | skaða (að) |
| do, act; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| do, act; make; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) | gera |
| do, perform (v) | iðja |
| do, perform, accomplish; win, gain; work; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| do, perform; act; make, build, compose; finish (v) | gera (ð) |
| do, work, perform (v) | orka |
| do, work; help, assist; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) | týja |
| do; act (v) | breyta |
| docile, affable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| dog | rakki |
| dog (a female dog) | tik |
| dog (a little one) (n) | køuærne (‡) |
| dog, hound (m) | hundr |
| dog; bitch (n) | grey |
| Dolgthrasir (personal name) | Dólgþrasir |
| done for, finished off; made, built; done; ready; sent (adj) | gǫrr (van) |
| done; made, built; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) | gǫrr (van) |
| doom, judgment (n pl) | rök |
| doomed man; vilja hafa at dauðamanni - seek one's life (m) | dauða-maðr |
| doomed, about to die, fated to die; dead (adj) | feigr |
| door (f) | hurð |
| door frame (one of the boards forming a door frame); wooden tablet or stave; ski; snow-skate; stick; wood (block of wood); skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) | skíð |
| door, doorway (f pl) | dyrr |
| door-keeper (m) | dýr-vǫrðr |
| door-opening | gátt |
| doorway of stone (f pl) | stein-dyrr |
| doorway upper cross-piece, lintel (n) | upp-dyri |
| dopey | dofni |
| doughty; strong, powerful (adj) | þrúðugr |
| dove, pigeon (f) | dúfa |
| down (adv) | niðr |
| down to, over, above, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) | ofan |
| down, downwards; from above; southwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; above the surface of; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; ofan um knappinn - around the staff just below the knob; þar á ofan - in addition; saar owan ā saar (‡) - wound upon wound (adv) | ofan |
| down; below (adv) | niðri |
| downcast, drooping (adj) | hnipinn |
| downstream (adv) | forstreymis |
| doze, shut the eyes (v) | blunda |
| draft, mouthful (m) | sopi |
| draft-cattle (m) | gripær |
| dragon shape, form (n) | ormslíki |
| dragon-ship (m) | dreki |
| Draupnir, dripper, a gold ring possessed by Odin with the ability to multiply itself | Draupnir |
| draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); move quickly; break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) | bregða |
| draw near summer (v) | sumra |
| draw near to autumn (v) | hausta |
| draw up (in battle array) (v) | fylkja |
| draw, mark; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| draw, summon; recover; claim; get back (v) | heimta (t) |
| dread, fear (f) | ótti |
| dream (m) | draumr |
| dream (v) | dreyma |
| dregs; what is left (n) | órval |
| dress, array; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) | búa |
| dress; bind, tie, fasten; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) | binda |
| dribble, drip, leak (v) | leka |
| dribbler | slefja |
| drift, crowd, throng, hurry, rush (vi) | drifa |
| drift, drive; push, shove; ratt af sér - threw off (v) | hrinda |
| driftage, a thing drifted ashore, wreck; jetsam; (m) | reki |
| driftwood (m) | rekaviðr |
| drink in large gulps (v) | kneyfa |
| drink, draft (m) | drykkr |
| drink, sip; take a sip (v) | súpa |
| drink; ale (n) | mun-gát |
| drink; drekka af - empty; drekka af horninu inn þriðja drykinn - empty the horn at the third draft (v) | drekka |
| drinker (m) | drykkyumaðr |
| drinking (excessive drinking), over-drinking | of drykkja |
| drinking (f) | drykkja |
| drinking horn; horn; corner (n) | horn |
| drinking-horn (m) | hvítingr |
| drip (v) | drjúpa |
| drip, dribble, leak (v) | leka |
| drive (v) | aka |
| drive (v) | støkkva (ð, t) |
| drive (vt) | drifa |
| drive away; hrekja af máli - force one to abandon a lawsuit; hrekjask fyrir - be confounded by (v) | hrekja |
| drive, drift; push, shove; ratt af sér - threw off (v) | hrinda |
| drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; avenge, take vengeance for; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) | reka, vrækæ (‡) |
| drive; spring, burst, leap; spring asunder; snap; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) | støkkva |
| driven out of the district | sveitar-rækr |
| drizzle; flakes of metal (n) | úr |
| droop (v) | drúpa |
| drooping, downcast (adj) | hnipinn |
| drop, fall (v) | detta |
| droppings (n) | tros |
| drown (dat.) | drekkja (kt) |
| drowsiness, sleep | hǫfgi |
| drum (f) | bamba |
| drunk (excessively drunk) | ofrǫlvi |
| drunk (on ale) | ǫlr |
| drunkard | ǫlfuss |
| dry (adj) | þurr |
| dry up (v) | tréna |
| due, tax; incumbrance (on an estate); reason; sake (f) | skyld |
| duel, single combat (n) | einvigi |
| dues, taxes (n pl) | álög |
| duke; commander (m) | hertogi |
| Durin (personal name) | Durinn |
| during (time); in, within; at (position); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) | í |
| during; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| during; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| duty | knǫð |
| duty (negated), not one’s duty (n adj) | óskylt |
| duty; ák hróðrs of kvǫð - a song of praise is due from me (f) | kvǫð |
| Dvalin (personal name), Delayer | Dvalinn |
| dwarf; fibula (m) | dvergr |
| dwell, live (in a place), inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) | búa |
| dwell, stay, abide, live at; enjoy, be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) | una |
| dwell; settle; build; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) | byggja (gð) |
| dweller, inhabitant; neighbor (m) | búi |
| dwelling, abode, dwelling, settlement (f) | bygð |
| dwelling, abode; place, spot; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| dwelling, farming, farm; home, house, household; estate; livestock (n) | bú |
| dwelling; farmstead; abode; enclosure; courtyard, (enclosed) field; hayfield; homefield; home meadow; (poetic) dwellings, precincts (n) | tún |
| dwelling-place (m) | bústaðr |
| dwindle, diminish (v) | réna |
| dying; slight, faint | neppr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| each, every one (pron) | hvergi, hverrgi |
| each, every, all; who, which?; what; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) | hverr |
| Eadmund (personal name) | Eadmundr |
| eager for men, mad after men, lustful (adj) | ver-gjǫrn, ver-gjarn |
| eager, anxious (adj) | annt |
| eager, madly keen (adj) | óðfúss |
| eager, willing (adj) | gjarn |
| eager, willing; eager for (adj) | fuss, fúss |
| eagle (m) | ari |
| eagle (m) | ǫrn |
| ear (n) | eyra |
| ear of wheat (n) | hveiti-ax |
| earl = jarl (m) | ierl (‡) |
| earl, count (m) | grēue (‡) |
| earl; free-born man, gentleman (m) | jarl |
| earldom (n) | jarlsriki |
| earliest, first, foremost (adj) | fyrstr |
| early (adj) | snemt |
| early (adv) | snemma |
| early (adv) | snimma |
| early, in the early morning; of yore, long ago (n) | ár |
| early, soon (adv) | snim-hendis |
| earn, win (v) | ǫðlask, öðlask |
| earth (as substance), dirt, mold; soil (f) | mold |
| Earth, as goddess and mother of Thor (f) | Jörð |
| earth, surface of the earth; ground, bottom; broad surface | grund |
| earth, world (f) | fold |
| earth, world; ground, soil; land (f) | jörð, jǫrð |
| earth, world; region; heima í millim, í milli heims ok heljar - between life and death (m) | heimr |
| earthly; worldly | jarðligr |
| earthquake (m) | land-skjálpti |
| easily seen, evident | auðsénn |
| East | Austri |
| east (n); eastward (adv) | austr |
| east (of); from the east; bearing to the east (adv) | austan |
| east; the Baltic Lands (m) | austrvegr |
| Easter (f pl) | páskar, páskir |
| eastern lands; eastern Europe; Russia and the Orient (n pl) | Austrlönd |
| Easterner, Norwegian | austmaðr |
| easy (to manage), gentle (adj) | dæll |
| easy to deal with; reasonable; er óvandleikit við hann - it is easy to deal with him (adj) | óvand-leikit |
| easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| eat (v) | eta |
| eat; use; avail; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) | nýta (tt) |
| ebb-tide, fore-shore, shore, beach; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) | fjara |
| edge (f) | egg (also ægg) |
| edge (m) | jaðarr |
| edge of the heath (f) | heiðar-brún |
| edge, rim (of shield) (m) | þrǫmr |
| edge, shield rim (m) | þrǫmr |
| educated (well educated), accomplished (adj) | mannaðr |
| effeminate, cowardly, (passively) homosexual (adj) | ragr |
| effeminate, cowardly, womanish, (passively) homosexual (adj) | argr |
| effort, trouble; toil (n) | erfiði |
| egg (n) | egg |
| egg on, incite, goad, urge, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) | eggja (að) |
| egg shell (f) | eggskurn |
| egg-field, sea birds' breeding-ground (n) | egg-ver |
| egging on, urging (f) | áeggjun |
| Egil (personal name) | Egill |
| Egilstadir (place name) Egil's farmstead (m pl) | Egilsstaðir |
| eight (num) | átta |
| eighteen (num) | átján |
| eighteen (num) | áttján |
| eighteenth (ord num) | áttjándi |
| eighty years old | áttrœðr |
| Eikinskjald (personal name), Oakenshield | Eikinskialdi |
| Eilif (personal name) | Eilífr |
| Eirik (personal name) | Eiríkr |
| Eiriksfjord (place name), Eirik's Fjord | Eiriksfjörðr |
| either; one or another | annarr hvárr |
| elated, 'with his tail up' (adj) | upp-stertr |
| elder, older (adj) | ellri |
| eldest, oldest (adj) | el(l)ztr (also ellstr) |
| eleven (num) | ellifu |
| elf (m) | álfr |
| elk; branda elgr - beaked ship (m) | elgr |
| eloquent, clever in speech; brave (adj) | snjallr |
| else; or, or else (adv and conj) | ella |
| Embla (personal name) | Embla |
| emit rays, flash, gleam; shine (v) | skína |
| Emma (personal name) | Emma |
| employment, service; food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; abode; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) | vist |
| empty, clear, prepare, pile up (or clear away) (v) | ryðja |
| enchant, conjure (v) | vitta (tt) |
| enchantment, spell (m) | seiðr |
| encircle, wrap; sweep; swing (v) | sveipa (ð, að) |
| enclosed space, yard; farmyard, enclosure; court; fence; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) | garðr |
| encomium; poem of praise (n) | lof-kvæði |
| encomium; praise (f) | mærð |
| encomium; praise (m) | hróðr (rs) |
| encounter; dealings (f) | viðr-eign |
| encourage (v) | fysa |
| encourage, urge; (impers.) desire (v) | fýsa (t) |
| encourage, urge; desire; braut fýsir mik - I desire to depart, I am in haste to depart; fýsask í braut - be eager to go away (v) | fýsa, fysa |
| encourage; whet, sharpen (v) | hvetja |
| end (m) | endi, endir |
| end of a hall (m) | skála-endi |
| end of cloak, hem, border; sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) | skaut |
| end of hammer-head (m) | hamars-muðr |
| end, bring to an end; endask til - suffice (for) (v) | enda |
| end, close; finish; use up; shut; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) | lúka |
| end; at lykðum - at last (f) | lykð |
| endangered (in evil straits) (adj) | van-farinn |
| endow; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| endurance (f) | eljun |
| endure, suffer; tolerate (v) | þola, þula (‡) |
| enemy (m) | fjándi |
| enemy (m) | fjándmaðr |
| enemy (m) | óvinr |
| enemy, adversary (m) | andskoti |
| energetic; quickly moved | bilstyggr |
| energetically (with energy), sharply (adv) | snarp-liga |
| energy, courage (f) | dáð |
| energy; behavior (f) | atferð |
| England (n) | England |
| English (adj) | Enskr, Ænskr |
| English (pl.), Angles | Englar |
| engrave, cut (runes), carve; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) | rista, rísta |
| engrave, inlay; dig; grafa niðr - bury; grafinn nið - rooted to the ground (v) | grafa |
| enjoy; dwell, stay, abide, live at; be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) | una |
| enjoy; have the use of; derive benefit from; njótum vér - let us make the most of it; njóta við - have help from (v) | njóta |
| enormously (adv) | allstórum |
| enough, abundant (adj) | nógr |
| enough, sufficient (adj) | œrinn |
| enough; plenty (of); gnógt - plenty | gnógr |
| enough; sufficiently, overly, very (adv) | œrit |
| enraged; frantic; furious; vehement; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) | ódr |
| enslave (v) | þjá (ð) |
| entangle, wrap (v) | vefja |
| enterprising, capable (adj) | gørviligr |
| entertain, amuse (v) | skemta |
| entertaining, amusing (adj) | skemtiligr |
| entertainment, delight (m) | fǫgnuðr, fógnuðr |
| entertainment; pleasure, delight; þykkja gaman at - take pleasure in (n) | gaman |
| entice (v) | teygja |
| entirely, completely; everywhere; allt til Orneykja - all the way to the Orkney islands; alt til þess - right up to that point; allt upp undir - right up under | allt |
| entrance (f) | innganga |
| entrance hall (f) | for-stofa |
| entranced, in a trance; intense(ly) | hugleikinn |
| enumeration, reckoning, list; talk, parley, conversation; consultation (n) | tal |
| envy, hatred (f) | awnd (‡) |
| episcopal staff, crozier | bagall |
| equal (m) | jafningi |
| equal, even (adj) | jafn |
| equal; like (m) | líki |
| equality, equal share (m) | jǫfnuðr |
| equalize (make equivalent); explain, interpret, interpret as; signify; win over; þýðask - assocate with (v) | þýða (dd) |
| equally broad | jafn-breiðr |
| equally great, just as much | jafn-mikill |
| equally near, midway between | jafn-nær |
| equally sweet | jafn-sœtr |
| equally wise | jafnspakir |
| equally, ever, always, constantly (adv) | jafnan |
| equate, cut even, make equal (in comparisons); smooth, even out, tidy, trim; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) | jafna (að) |
| equinox, equal length of day and night (n) | jafn-dœgri |
| equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| equipment (m) | búnaðr |
| erect (adj) | uppréttr |
| errand, mission (f) | sendi-ferð |
| errand, mission, result of errand (n) | erendi |
| errand, mission; message; the result of one's mission | ørendi, ørindi |
| erring, wild, astray; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed | villr |
| erupt; gush, burst out (v) | gjósa |
| escape, slip away; slip; fail, slip up (v) | sleppa |
| establish; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| establish; staggaþr - last, secure (v) | staþga (‡) |
| established; complete (adj) | fullkominn |
| estate; home, house, household; farm (n) | bý |
| estate; home, house, household; farming, farm, dwelling; livestock (n) | bú |
| estate; land; country (n) | land |
| esteem (n) | met-orð |
| esteem, statement (favorable statement), warm regard | líknstafr |
| estimate, evaluate, value, appraise; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) | virða |
| estimate, evaluate, value; set a price (v) | meta |
| estimate, opinion (f) | ætlun |
| estuary (m) | óss |
| evaluate, estimate, value, appraise; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) | virða |
| evaluate, estimate, value; set a price (v) | meta |
| Eve (personal name) | Eva |
| even if, though; seeing that (adv) | þótt, þó at |
| even out, smooth, tidy, trim; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) | jafna (að) |
| even, equal (adj) | jafn |
| even; as well | jafn-vel |
| even; still; also; yet; further; again; moreover (adv) | enn |
| evening draws in (v) | kvelda (að), kveldar |
| evening, the separation of day from night (m) | aptann |
| evening; at kveldi - at nightfall; í kveldi - this evening; um kveldit - the evening before (n) | kveld |
| evensong, vespers (m) | kveldsǫngr |
| event, occurrence; af þessum atburði - because of this incident (m) | atburðr |
| events; news, tidings; verða tíðendi, vera (or bera) til tíðinda - come to pass, happen (n pl) | tíðendi, tíðindi |
| ever, always, constantly, equally (adv) | jafnan |
| ever, always; forever (adv) | æ, ē (‡) |
| ever; forever; always | ey |
| every one, each (pron) | hvergi, hverrgi |
| every, each, all; who, which?; what; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) | hverr |
| every; all, whole; entire (adj pron) | allr |
| everything; anything whatever (pron) | hvatvetna |
| everywhere; completely, entirely; allt til Orneykja - all the way to the Orkney islands; alt til þess - right up to that point; allt upp undir - right up under | allt |
| everywhere; hvargi sem - wherever, wheresoever (adv) | hvargi |
| everywhere; where; hvar sem - wherever (adv) | hvar |
| evidence, token, proof (of a thing) (n) | jartegn |
| evident, clear | auðsýnn, auðsynn |
| evident, easily seen | auðsénn |
| evil (treatment) (f) | illt |
| evil plan (n) | óráð |
| ewe (m) | ásuauðr |
| exactly, minutely | inniliga |
| exaggerate; ofsa sér til vansa - puff oneself up to one's own undoing (v) | ofsa |
| example (n) | æptedøme (‡) |
| exceed, surpass; increase, augment; add; aukaþis - multiplied (v) | auka |
| exceedingly | áfakliga |
| exceedingly (adj) | forkunnar |
| exceedingly, very, vehemently, impetuously (adv) | ákafliga |
| exceedingly; most willingly; most of all (adv) | helzt |
| excellent; famous (adj) | ágætr |
| except, save, but; unless (conj) | nema |
| excessively severe (adj) | of-haarth (‡) |
| exchange; divide; share; change; amount to; shape; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) | skipta |
| exclamation of impatience; pathetic, wretched, miserable (adj) | vesall |
| excogitate, think out (v) | huga (að) |
| excuse; what is to be excused (f) | vár-kunn |
| execution, beheading; blow, stroke, chop; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) | högg, hǫgg |
| executioner, killer, slayer (m) | banamaðr |
| exercise, train; tame (v) | temja |
| exert oneself; struggle; press, urge on, compel, force; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) | knyja, knýja |
| exhaustion, weariness (f) | mœði |
| exhortations (f pl) | fortǫlur |
| exist; show; appear to be, seem (v) | sýna (d) |
| expanse of the earth; Ondils jarmun-grund - the sea (f) | jarmun-grund |
| expect (impers.); mik varði - I expected; mundi mik annars vara - I would have expected other treatment (v) | vara (ð) |
| expect, hope for (v) | vænta (t) |
| expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| expectation | væni |
| expedient; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| expedition; journey, journeying; movement; í fǫr - in company with; eiga skip í fǫrum - own a trading ship (f) | för, fǫr |
| expense, cost (m) | kostnaðr |
| expense; choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress (m) | kostr |
| expensive, dear; precious (adj) | dýrr |
| experience of hardship; hardihood (n) | harð-ræði |
| experience; try, prove; reyna ilt af - meet with evil at the hands of; reyndr vas flestr - most were put to the test; be proved; reynt er - trial has been made; be proved (v) | reyna (d) |
| explain, interpret, interpret as; signify; win over; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) | þýða (dd) |
| exploration (f) | landaleitan |
| explore, search, find out about; kannask við - recognize (v) | kanna (að) |
| exposed equally, naked or unprotected (adj) | jafn-berr |
| exposure of an infant (m) | út-burðr |
| express, concoct; read, gather (v) | lesa |
| expression, phrase (n) | orð-tœki |
| extend; go, walk; advance; take place; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) | ganga |
| extensively; widely, far and wide, in many places (adv) | víða |
| externally; outside (of); beyond; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) | útan |
| extinguish (v) | sløkkva |
| extraction, origin (n) | ædle (‡) |
| extremely (adv) | afar |
| eye (n) | auga |
| eye-brow (f) | brún |
| eyelash (f) | brá |
| Eyfura (personal name) | Eyfura |
| English --- Top a b c d e f fi g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| face (n) | andlit |
| fade; grow pale (v) | fǫlna (að) |
| Fafnir, a son of Hreidmar who turns himself into a dragon, brother of Regin (m) | Fáfnir |
| fail (v) | bila |
| fail to heed, neglect (v) | órœkja (kt) |
| fail, slip up; slip; escape, slip away (v) | sleppa |
| fail; fall, fall down; flow; be slain; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) | falla |
| fail; lie, tell a lie; false (v) | ljúga |
| fail; þraut ørindit - breath failed him (v) | þrjóta |
| faint, slight; dying | neppr |
| faintness (n) | ómegin |
| fair wind, favorable wind; gaf þeim vel byri - they got a favorable wind (m) | byrr |
| fair, beautiful, attractive (adj) | fagr (ran) |
| fair, just, proper (adj) | sannligr |
| fair, just; right, correct, straight; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) | réttr |
| fair-haired (adj) | hárfagri |
| fair-haired (nickname) (adj) | hárfagr |
| fair-minded; honest (adj) | ør-grandr |
| faith; (Christian) religion (f) | trú, trōa (‡) |
| faithful, loyal (adj) | trō-lekær (‡) |
| fall (n) | fall |
| fall asleep; vera sofanaðr (v) | sofna (að) |
| fall back, recoil (v) | hrøkkva |
| fall down on; leap, spring; run; climb; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) | hlaupa |
| fall down; travel about, rove (v) | rata (að) |
| fall gently; sink; (ppart.) open; hniginn í aldr - elderly, advanced in years (v) | hníga |
| fall, collapse; flow, stream; fall loosely (of clothing); látum und honum hryja lukla - let keys jangle about him; hrynja á hæla - shut upon one's heels (v) | hrynja |
| fall, drop (v) | detta |
| fall, fall down; flow; be slain; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) | falla |
| fall, tumble (v) | hrata (að) |
| false, deceitful (adj) | fláráðr |
| false, treacherous (adj) | flár |
| false, underhand (adj) | undir-fǫrull |
| false; crooked, unjust; wrong (adj) | rangr |
| false; lie, tell a lie; fail (v) | ljúga |
| falsehood, lie (f) | lygi |
| falsehood, lying; falseness (f) | lausang |
| falseness (f) | lausung |
| falseness; lying, falsehood (f) | lausang |
| falsify a story (v) | skrǫkva (að) |
| fame, growth, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability (m) | frami |
| fame, renown (m) | orðs-tírr |
| fame, renown, reputation (m) | dómr |
| fame, reputation; judgment; court; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) | dómr |
| fame, repute, report; word; speech; conversation; message; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) | orð |
| family calamity or misfortune (m) | ættangr |
| family line, progeny | kynslóð |
| family tree (long line of forefathers or long line of descendants) | langniðiar |
| family, dependents (n) | skulda-lið |
| family, offspring, child; baby; progeny, kin | kind |
| famine (n) | hallæri |
| famous (adj) | nafnfrægr |
| famous, noble, glorious (adj) | mærr |
| famous, well-known (adj) | frægr |
| famous, widely-known (adj) | víðfrægr |
| famous; excellent (adj) | ágætr |
| far (adv) | vítt |
| far and wide, widely, in many places; extensively (adv) | víða |
| far out; setjask útar-liga - sit near the door (adv) | útarliga |
| far, far off; by no means; fjarri fór þat - far from it (adv) | fjarri, fierri |
| fare, have fortune; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) | fara |
| farm (n pl); house; room of house (n) | hús |
| farm implements (m pl) | bús-hlutr |
| farm, farming, dwelling; home, house, household; estate; livestock (n) | bú |
| farm, farmstead; temple (n) | hof |
| farm, homestead (f) | staðfesta |
| farm; home, house, household; estate (n) | bý |
| farmer; husband; yeoman, franklin; head of a household (m) | bóndi |
| farmer's son, son of a yeoman, son of a bóndi (m) | bóndason |
| farmhand; servant, retainer; king's man (m) | húskarl |
| farmhouse, farmstead; farm, landed estate; town (m) | bœr |
| farming, farm, dwelling; home, house, household; estate; livestock (n) | bú |
| farmstead (m) | húsabœr |
| farmyard, enclosure; enclosed space, yard; court; fence; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) | garðr |
| far-off, long, constantly (adv) | löngu |
| far-spent; at áliðnum degi - at the end of the day | á-liðinn |
| fart | fretr |
| farther (adv) | viðara |
| farther back; hind | eptri |
| farther in | innar |
| farther out; útarsk - farthest out (adv) | útar |
| farther; longer (distance) (adv) | lengra |
| farthest back | epztr also aptasr |
| farthest forward (adv) | framast |
| farthest north (adj) | norþastr |
| farthest south, southernmost (adj) | sunnarstr (‡) |
| fashion, manner; road, path; way, journey (f) | leið |
| fashioned | háttaðr |
| fast, firm; hard, severe; continuous (adj) | fastr |
| fast, hard (adv) | mikinn |
| fast, strongly, hard; firmly; certainly (adv) | fast |
| fasten, bind, tie; dress; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) | binda |
| fasten, button; pull (v) | kneppa (t) |
| fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; bite, take effect on; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) | festa (t) |
| fasten; swear solemnly; string tight; strengja heit - make a solemn vow (v) | strengja (ð, d) |
| fastenings by which boats were tied together for battle (ship/sailing term); ropes (n pl) | tengsl |
| fat (adj) | feitr |
| fat churl, fatso | alicarl |
| fatal wound, mortal wound, death (n) | banasár |
| fate (dire fate), weird; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) | urðr |
| fate (preordained fate); stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| fate; lot; part; mestr hluti - most of (m) | hluti |
| fated (v) | auðit |
| fated to die, doomed, about to die; dead (adj) | feigr |
| fated; expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| fateful, (impers.) fall out by fate | auðna (að) |
| fateless (i.e. on whom fate has not yet been imposed) (adj) | ørlǫglauss |
| fates, powers of fate (pl); weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n) | urðr |
| father (m) | faðir |
| father and son(s) (m pl) | feðgar |
| father-in-law | swær |
| father-in-law; brother-in-law; relative by marriage; son-in-law (m) | mágr |
| father's brother, uncle (m) | fǫðurbróðir |
| father's kin (n) | föðurkyn |
| fatso, fat churl | alicarl |
| fault, blemish | vamm |
| fault-finding | atmælasamr |
| favor, loyalty, allegiance; grace (f) | hylli |
| favorable wind, fair wind; gaf þeim vel byri - they got a favorable wind (m) | byrr |
| favorite, favored retainer (m) | vilðar-maðr |
| fear (m) | ræddoghe |
| fear (v) | ugga |
| fear, dread (f) | ótti |
| fear, terror (f) | hræzla |
| fear; despair, despondency; words or sounds of despair (f) | æðra |
| fearlessness; ability, skill, prowess; boldness, courage, doughtiness (m) | dugr |
| fearsome; loathesome; powerful (tremendously or overwhelmingly) | ámáttugr |
| feast (n) | mann-boð |
| feast for one's friends (n) | vinaboð |
| feast, banquet (f) | veizla |
| feast, festival; summons; battle (n) | bǫð, boð |
| feast; guild; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation; recompense, return (n) | gildi |
| feast-day, mass | messa |
| feat of strength, courageous deed (n) | þrekvirki |
| feather skin, feather-coat, coat; shape (m) | fjaðrhamr |
| feather, wing (f) | fjǫðr |
| feather-coat, feather skin, coat; shape (m) | fjaðrhamr |
| featherless, without feathers (adj) | fjaðralauss |
| feathers (n) | fiðri |
| feeblehearted, 'without strength', pithless; weak (adj) | þrótt-lauss |
| feed (v) | fða |
| feed; give birth to; nurse; rear, bring up; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) | fœða (dd) |
| feel (an emotion); know, know how to; be able; blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) | kunna |
| feel the loss of; miss (v) | sakna |
| fell, slay; fella heitstrengingar á sik - draw down on one a curse for the breaking of an oath (v) | fella |
| fell, strike down (v) | nidher-slā (‡) |
| fellow, friend, partner, comrade, companion (m) | félagi |
| fellow-countryman (m) | landi |
| felt, saddle-pad (m) | þófi |
| female dog, bitch (f) | bikkja |
| fence; enclosed space, yard; farmyard, enclosure; court; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) | garðr |
| fens traveler; one who goes in the fens (m) | fen-stigi |
| festival, feast; summons; battle (n) | bǫð, boð |
| fetter, bind (v) | fjǫtra (að) |
| fetter, bind; hinder, make difficulty; hold back, restrain (v) | hepta |
| fetter, shackle (m) | fjǫturr, fjóturr |
| few; little; a small number; cold, reserved; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) | fár |
| English --- Top a b c d e f fi g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| fibula; dwarf (m) | dvergr |
| fickle, capricious, unpredictable (adj) | margbreytinn |
| fictitious tale (f) | lygi-saga |
| fiddle (f) | fiþla (‡) |
| fiddle (f) | gīgha (‡) |
| field (stony or gravelly); Stonyvales | iǫrovǫllr |
| field, crop | akr |
| field, meadow (m) | hagi |
| field, plain; ground, level ground; vǫllr brimils - the sea, 'the seal's ground' (m) | vǫllr, völlr |
| fields (muddy or damp) | aurvangar |
| fields, land(s) (n pl) | bjǫð |
| fields; land (n pl) | biǫð, bjǫð |
| fiend; fierce | gramer (‡) |
| fierce, aggressive, terrible (adj) | atall |
| fierce, brave, biting, keen (adj) | bitr |
| fierce, vehement (adj) | ákafr |
| fierce; fiend | gramer (‡) |
| fierce; grim (adj) | grimmr, grym |
| fierce-looking (adj) | grimm-ligr |
| fiercely; terribly (adv) | harðliga |
| fiercest (adj) | harðaz |
| fiery, terrible (adj) | ǫndóttr |
| fifteen (num); fim(m)tándi - fifteenth (ord num) | fim(m)tán |
| fight, assault (f) | barsmið |
| fight, attack (f) | sókn |
| fight, battle; beating, thrashing (m) | bardagi |
| fight; kill, slay; smite; lift; vegask - fight (v) | vega |
| fighter (m) | viga-maðr |
| Fili (personal name) | Fíli |
| fill; complete; fulfill; increase (v) | fylla (d) |
| filled; sorrowful | harmfullr |
| filth, mud (m) | saurr |
| filthy, dirty (adj) | ókræsi-legr |
| find out about, search, explore; kannask við - recognize (v) | kanna (að) |
| find out, inquire (v) | forvitnask |
| find out; know; be aware of; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) | vita |
| find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| find; seek, search for; see; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) | leita (að) |
| finding their own food (adj) | sjálf-ala |
| fine (m) | sakeyrir |
| fine, magnificent (adj) | reisiligr |
| fine, worthy, great; of great value; valued at (adj) | gildr |
| finger (m) | fingr |
| finger gap, space between fingers or talons (n) | greip |
| finish; close; end; use up; shut; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) | lúka |
| finish; do, perform; act; make, build, compose (v) | gera (ð) |
| finished off, done for; made, built; done; ready; sent (adj) | gǫrr (van) |
| Finn (personal name) | Finnr |
| fir tree; tree (m) | þollr |
| fire (bane of switches) | sviga lae |
| fire (cooking fire); búa til seyðis - prepare for cooking (m) | seyðir |
| fire (m) | eldr |
| fire (m) | hyrr |
| fire (n) | bál |
| fire hall, main hall of a long house where benches used for sitting and sleeping were warmed by a long fire that ran the length of the hall and was used for cooking (m) | eldaskáli |
| fire, flame; brenna loga - burn strongly, be ablaze (m) | logi |
| fire, heat (m) | bruni |
| fire, the nourisher of life (m) | aldrnari |
| firebrand (burning wood), blazing brand (m) | eldi-stokkr |
| fireplace or chimney of a forge, hearth | afl |
| firewood (m) | eldi-viðr |
| firewood (piece of), blade; brand (m) | brandr |
| firm, fast; hard, severe; continuous (adj) | fastr |
| firmly; fast, strongly, hard; certainly (adv) | fast |
| first (adv) | førra |
| first (adv) | fyrst |
| first (adv) | fyrsti (‡) |
| first, foremost, earliest (adj) | fyrstr |
| first; ahead, in front, before; before; at hand, present; | fyrir |
| first; already; before; until (adv) | áðr |
| firth, fjord, inlet (m) | fjǫrðr |
| fish (a small fish) | murtr |
| fish (m) | fiskr |
| fishbelly | lǫngubak |
| fishing expedition (f) | veiði-ferð |
| fishing, hunting, catch (f) | veiðr |
| fitting, deserved (adj) | makligr |
| fitting, proper, becoming; deserving (adj) | makligr |
| five (num) | fēm (‡) |
| five (num) | fimm |
| fix, settle; stop (v) | steðja |
| fix; mark, draw; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| fixed in the earth | jarðfastr |
| Fjalar (personal name) | Fjalarr |
| fjord, firth, inlet (m) | fjǫrðr |
| flag, rag (f) | flík |
| flagstone, flat stone (m) | hella |
| flagstone, flat stone, flat slab of rock (m) | hellusteinn |
| flail (n) | hálmþúst |
| flakes of metal; drizzle (n) | úr |
| flame (m) | funi |
| flame, fire; brenna loga - burn strongly, be ablaze (m) | logi |
| flame, wild-fire (m) | villi-eldr |
| flame; heat (m) | hiti |
| flash, gleam, emit rays; shine (v) | skína |
| flask; flösku-skegg - bottlebeard (nickname) (f) | flaska |
| flat slab of rock, flat stone, flagstone (m) | hellusteinn |
| flat stone, flagstone (m) | hella |
| flat stone, flat slab of rock, flagstone (m) | hellusteinn |
| flat, hard rock (n) | hǫlkn |
| flat, not mountainous (adj) | ó-fjǫllóttr |
| flat, prostrate (adj) | flatr |
| flat-nose (as in nickname) (adj) | flatnefr |
| flatter, praise, boast of (v) | hœla |
| flax, linen, bow-string (m) | hörr, hǫrr |
| flax; linen, linen garment; bride's veil (n) | lín |
| flay; strip (of clothes and of money); skin (v) | flá |
| flee (v) | flyja, flýja |
| fleeing, swift; sem fljótast - at once (adj) | fljótr |
| fleet (m) | floti |
| fleetness (m) | skjót-leikr |
| flensing of a whale; cutting, slice; trench (m) | skurðr |
| flesh (n) | hold |
| flesh (n) | køt (‡) |
| flesh, meat (f) | slátr |
| flexible and tough twig (f) | viðar-taug |
| flight (m) | flótti |
| flight, flying; alt er á fǫr ok flaugun - all is in commotion (f) | flaugun |
| fling, throw; sweep; reef (sails) (ship/sailing term) (v) | svipta (t) |
| fling, throw; wind about (v) | slyngva, slungnir |
| flitting, soaring (f) | sveimun |
| float; skipit flaut - the ship floated (at anchor) (ship/sailing term) (v) | fljóta |
| flock, herd; herding (f) | hjǫrð |
| flood, tide (n) | flóð |
| flood; heavy sea; surge of sea (m) | sævar-gangr |
| floor (n) | gólf |
| flour, meal; Fróða mjǫl - gold (n) | mjöl, mjǫl |
| flow, (mid.) stream; pour; sprinkle; ladle; water; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) | ausa |
| flow, run (v) | rinna |
| flow, trend; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| flow; fall, fall down; be slain; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) | falla |
| flow; resound; rush (v) | þjóta |
| flower | blóm |
| fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term); spear (for throwing), pike, dart, shaft (m) | fleinn |
| fly (v) | fjúka |
| fly, roll, spring; snore (v) | hrjóta |
| fly; floginn - flying (v) | fljúga |
| flying, flight; alt er á fǫr ok flaugun - all is in commotion (f) | flaugun |
| foal (n) | fyl |
| fodder (n) | fóðr |
| fog, mist (f) | þoka |
| fold, pen; gate of bars (f) | grind |
| foliage, often needles (of pine, etc.) (n) | barr |
| folk, people, men; troop, host of warriors; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) | fólk, folk |
| follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| follower (m) | liði |
| follower, retainer (m) | sveitungr |
| followers, party; help, support; guidance; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) | fylgð |
| following day, morning; á morginn - tomorrow (m) | morgin(n), morgun(n) |
| following; party, followers; help, support; guidance; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) | fylgð |
| following; people; band of men, host; troops; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| folly (f) | hégómi |
| folly, reserve; conceit | dul |
| food (f) | eta (‡) |
| food (hunger's bane) | gráðar læ |
| food (n) | gjǫr |
| food stingy; niggardly with food (adj) | matar-illr |
| food, upkeep; board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) | borð |
| food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; abode; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) | vist |
| food; meal (m) | matr |
| fool, buffoon (m) | dāræ (‡) |
| fool, minstrel, buffoon (m) | lēkare (‡), lækari (‡) |
| foolish (adj) | heimskr |
| foolish, astray | villtr |
| foolish, unwise (adj) | ósnjallr |
| foolishly (adv) | óvitrliga |
| foot (a clumsy foot) (m) | burlufótr, burlufotr |
| foot of a cow | baulufotr |
| foot, step (as measure); pace (n) | fet |
| foot; leg, foot and leg (m) | fótr |
| foot-board (f) | fóta-fjǫl |
| foothold, step; track, trail, footprint; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) | spor |
| footprint, track, trail; step, foothold; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) | spor |
| for a long time; length (a long way) (adv) | langt |
| for a longer time, longer (time) (adv) | lengr |
| for nothing, without purpose, in vain; fara ørendislaust - go in vain, without a purpose or reason (adv) | ørendislaust |
| for sale; spent (adj) | falr |
| for the longest time, longest (adv) | lengst |
| for this reason; thus, therefore; because of this; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because (conj) | því |
| for, as, to obtain; in; of, concerning; on; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| for, because | af því at |
| for, on behalf of; for, because of; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) | fyrir |
| for; over; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| forbearance, mercy (f) | vægð |
| forbid (v) | for-biūdha (‡) |
| forbid (v) | fyrirbjoða |
| forbid, ban, prohibit (v) | banna (að) |
| force (ovewhelming force) (n) | ofr-lið |
| force of men, crowd (n) | fjǫlmenni |
| force, power (f) | makt (‡) |
| force, press, urge on, compel; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) | knyja, knýja |
| force, waterfall (m) | foss |
| forecastle guard (ship/sailing term) (m) | stafn-búi |
| forefathers, ancestors (through the father's line) (m pl) | langfeðgar |
| forehead (n) | enni |
| foreign (adj) | út-lendr |
| foreign, from abroad | af hafi |
| foreigner (m) | út-lænninge (‡) |
| foremost, first, earliest (adj) | fyrstr |
| foremost, forward, facing forwards, standing in front; outstanding, excellent; (superl.) farthest back in time, earliest (adj) | framr |
| forest, wood (m) | skógr |
| forest, wood, woodland; rough, stony hill or ridge (n) | holt |
| forest, wood; well-wooded land (m) | skóg-land |
| forest; mark (of silver unless gold is specified) (f) | mǫrk |
| forest; tree; beam; wood; timber (m) | viðr |
| forever; always; ever | ey |
| forever; ever, always (adv) | æ, ē (‡) |
| foreward, preamble, preface; stipulation, condition; formula; charm (m) | formáli |
| forge, build, make (v) | smíða (að) |
| forget; perish, be lost; lose; mistake (v) | týna (d) |
| forgetfulness, non-memory, oblivion | óminni |
| form, shape; body (n) | líki |
| form, shape; size, stature, growth (m) | vǫxtr, vöxtr |
| form; shape (f) | mynd |
| former, previous, before; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) | fyrri |
| formerly, before (adv) | fyrrum |
| formerly, previously (adv) | før (‡) |
| formerly, some time ago; of old (adv) | forðum |
| formula; stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; charm (m) | formáli |
| fortitude lacking, 'without fortitude', timid, gutless, pithless (adj) | þrek-lauss |
| fortitude, strength (n) | þrek |
| fortress, castle, stronghold; town; funeral pyre (f) | borg |
| fortunate as to the seasonal harvest; allra konunga ársælstr - of all kings the most harvest-fortunate (adj) | ársæll |
| fortunate, happy (adj) | sæll |
| fortunate; lucky (adj) | heppinn |
| fortune, good luck (n) | happ |
| forty (num) | fiaura-tighi (‡) |
| forward, on; away; out; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) | fram |
| forward; from the front; from the front side; framan í hann - in his face; framan til mið dags - up to midday (adv) | framan |
| foster (v) | fóstra (að) |
| foster-brother (m) | fóstbróðir |
| foster-father; foster-brother; foster-son; fosterling (m) | fóstri |
| fostering of a child; taka til fóstrs - take as a foster child; vera at fóstri - be a foster-child, be in a fostering relationship (n) | fóstr |
| foster-mother; nurse | fóstra |
| foul weather (n) | ill-viðri |
| foul, unpleasant (adj) | fúll, full |
| fountain, spring (f) | kelda, kiælda |
| four (num); fjórði - fourth (ord num) | fjórir |
| four-cornered (adj) | ferskeyttr |
| fourteen (num); fjórtándi - fourteenth (ord num) | fjórtán |
| fourth (ord num) | fjǫrði, fjórði |
| fox (white arctic fox) (m) | mel-rakki |
| foxhole, lair (of a fox) (n) | gren |
| Fraeg (personal name) | Frægr |
| fragments, bits; piece (m) | moli |
| France (n) | Valland |
| franklin, yeoman; husband; farmer; head of a household (m) | bóndi |
| frantic, mad (adj) | œrr |
| frantic; furious; vehement; enraged; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) | ódr |
| Frar (personal name) | Frár |
| free, unhindered (adj) | frels |
| free; er þér sjálfrátt - you are free to (adj) | sjálf-ráðr |
| free; loose; unimpeded; free of obligation; unsteady; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) | lauss |
| free; með frjálsu - in peace | frjáls |
| free-born man, gentleman; earl (m) | jarl |
| freeman; subject; a good man; servant (m) | þegn |
| free-will (m) | sjálf-vili |
| freeze (v) | frjósa |
| freeze; be cold, become cold (v) | kala |
| French people; inhabitants (esp. Celtic) of France (m pl) | Valir |
| frenzied, raving, raging, mad with fear; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) | ódr |
| frequent, usual; happening; hvat er títt um þik? - what is the matter with you?; ti erum bók - I often occupy myself with books; sem tiðast - as fast as they could; aldrigh tīth (‡) - never (adj) | tíðr |
| frequently, often; as often as possible, always; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) | opt |
| fresh; swift (adj) | hraðr |
| Freyja, a fertility goddess (f) | Freyja |
| Freys, a nickname of Freyr | Freys |
| friend, partner, comrade, companion, fellow (m) | félagi |
| friend, relative, kinsman (m) | frændi |
| friend; patron, leader (m) | vinr |
| friendliness (f) | bliða |
| friendship (esp. a contractual alliance) (n) | vinfengi |
| friendship (esp. a sincere, personal friendship) (f) | vinátta |
| friendship (m) | vin-skaper (‡) |
| friendship, affection (m) | kærleikr |
| Frigg, a goddess, wife of Odin (f) | Frigg |
| frighten, make tremble (v) | skelfa (ð) |
| frighten; (refl.) be afraid of, be frightened (v) | hræða (dd) |
| frighten; (refl.) be frightened (v) | fæla (d) |
| frightened, afraid (adj) | hræddr |
| from (prep) | frān (‡) |
| from above, down; downwards; southwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; above the surface of; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; ofan um knappinn - around the staff just below the knob; saar owan ā saar (‡) - wound upon wound; þar á ofan - in addition (adv); | ofan |
| from abroad; out; fara út í lǫnd - go abroad (from Norway) (adv) | út |
| from below, from beneath; without motion - beneath, underneath (adv) | neðan |
| from beneath; under (from under); away; away from; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) | undan |
| from everywhere, whence, from where (adv) | hvaðan |
| from here, hence; heðan af - from now on, henceforth (adv) | heðan, héðan |
| from home; from the dwelling (adv) | heiman |
| from inside of; out of, from; of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) | ór |
| from the east; east (of); bearing to the east (adv) | austan |
| from the front; forward; from the front side; framan í hann - in his face; framan til mið dags - up to midday (adv) | framan |
| from the north, northern | norþæn |
| from the south, southern; fyrir sunnan land - in the south of the land; sunnan af landi - from the south of the land (adv) | sunnan |
| from the south; southern (adv) | suðrœn |
| from the west; western; west (of); bearing to the west; fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) | vestan |
| from there, thence; þadan af, þaðan frá - from that point onward (adv) | þaðan |
| from where, whence, from everywhere (adv) | hvaðan |
| from within, outward (adv) | innan |
| from without; outside (of); externally; beyond; without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) | útan |
| from, out of; of; from inside of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) | ór |
| from, out of; with; concerning; because of (prep) | af |
| from; about, concerning (prep); away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) | frá |
| frost (n) | frost |
| Frost Giants (m pl) | Hrímþursar |
| frost-giant (m) | hrímþurs |
| Frosti, Frosty (personal name) | Frosti |
| froth; juice (n) | frauð |
| fulfill, perfect (v) | ful-kompna (‡) |
| fulfill, perform (v) | efna |
| full levy of men (m) | almenningr |
| full of people, populated, become peopled | fjǫlmennask (t) |
| full outlaw (m) | alsekr |
| full; in full swing; outlaw (full outlaw); fullr af - filled with; fullu - in full; til fullra laga - the the full extent of the law (adj) | fullr |
| full-flood, high-tide (f) | há-flœðr |
| fully roasted (adj) | fullsteikinn |
| Fundin (personal name), foundling | Fundinn |
| funeral feast (n) | erfi |
| funeral pyre; castle, fortress, stronghold; town (f) | borg |
| fur cloak, coat | heðinn |
| fur doublet (m) | skinn-hjúpr |
| fur, skin, hide (n) | skinn |
| furious; frantic; vehement; enraged; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) | ódr |
| furry, hairy (adj) | loðinn |
| furs, fur-ware (f) | skinnavara |
| further, more (adv) | fremr |
| further, other; more | fleiri |
| further; still; also; yet; again; moreover; even (adv) | enn |
| fury of a berserker, going berserk (m) | berserksgangr |
| fury, wrath; weary, tired (m) | móðr |
| future (for the future) | a-lengðar |
| Fyn, Denmark (place name) | Fjón |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g go h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| gable-wall (m) | gaflveggr |
| gain fame, (mid.) acquire fame; make great (v) | mikla (að) |
| gain possession of, get for oneself; get, possess (v) | eignask (að) |
| gain the victory; overcome; win (v) | sigra |
| gain, win; work; perform, do, accomplish; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| gallant fellow, bold man; warrior (m) | drengr |
| gallantly (adv) | prútt |
| gallantly (adv) | rǫskliga |
| galley (f) | galeið |
| gallop; make run; break up (the court) (v) | hleypa |
| game of tables (resembling backgammon); [from Latin tabula] (n) | tafl |
| game, sport, contest, play; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) | leikr |
| Gamli (personal name), the Old One | Gamli |
| Gandalf (personal name), Staff-elf | Gandálfr |
| Gangleri (personal name, mythlogical), Wanderer, the false name adopted by the Swedish king Gylfi | Gangleri |
| gangway; pier; landing-stage; bridge (f) | bryggja |
| gap, gaping, chasm | gap |
| gape (v) | gapa |
| gape, yawn (v) | gína |
| garment, cloth (n); clothing (n pl) | klæði |
| gate of bars; pen, fold (f) | grind |
| gate of hell, hell gate (f) | helgrind |
| gates of the dead (f pl) | nágrindr |
| gateway of a stronghold (n) | borgar-hlið |
| gather, collect (v) | safna |
| gather, read; express, concoct (v) | lesa |
| gather; collect (v) | samka |
| gather; collect (v) | samna |
| gathering, host (m) | samnaðr |
| gaudy person, dandy | oflati |
| gaze, bend forward to see, glare (v) | gægjask (ð) |
| gaze, look (f) | sjón |
| gaze, see; know of; perceive, understand; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) | sjá |
| gelded sheep, wether (m) | geldingr |
| Gellir's son | Gellisson |
| genealogy (f) | ættar-tala |
| generation, age (f) | ald |
| generosity; magnanimity (f) | stórmenska |
| generosity; open-handedness (m) | þegnskapr |
| generous, merciful (adj) | mildr |
| generously; in princely fashion (adv) | hǫfðingliga |
| genial; easily led, compliant (adj) | leiðitamr |
| gentle (adj) | hægr |
| gentle (adj) | hógvær |
| gentle, easy (to manage) (adj) | dæll |
| gentle, reasonable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| gentleman, free-born man; earl (m) | jarl |
| German | Thyt(h)æsk (‡) |
| German language | þýzka |
| German; southerner; Saxon (m) | suðr-maðr |
| Germany, Southlands (n pl) | Suðrlönd |
| get (as one's lot); cast lots; hlutask til - interfere in, take part in; lutapi bort - decide by lot who was to depart; hlutaðr til - selected by lot (v) | hluta |
| get (as one's lot); receive; be allocated; result; be obliged to (v) | hljóta |
| get back; recover; claim; draw, summon (v) | heimta (t) |
| get dressed; clothe (v) | klæða (dd) |
| get up; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| get, bring, take; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| get, obtain, reach, catch, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) | ná (ð) |
| get, possess; gain possession of, get for oneself (v) | eignask (að) |
| get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could; (v) | geta |
| ghost, undead man (m) | haugbúi |
| ghost, 'undead man'; tree-trunk (m) | draugr |
| giant | iæten (‡) = jǫtunn |
| giant | iǫtunn |
| giant (m) | jǫtunn |
| giant, ogre (m) | þurs |
| giantess (f) | gýgr |
| giantess, ogress (n) | flagð |
| giantess, witch, 'she who dwells in the wood' | íviðia |
| giant-like (like a giant) (adj) | þurs-ligr |
| giants' homeland (m pl) | Jötunheimr |
| gift | gipt |
| gift (f) | gjǫf |
| gild (v) | gylla |
| Gimle, hall inhabited by Light Elves | Gimlé |
| Ginnar (personal name), Betrayer | Ginnarr |
| Ginnungagap, the yawning or gaping void, the primeval void from which the world was created (f) | Ginnungagap |
| gird, put on (v) | gyrða |
| girdle, band (m) | fetill |
| girl (little girl) | meyla |
| girl, maiden, maid, virgin (f) | mær |
| give birth to (v) | fæða |
| give birth to; feed; nurse; rear, bring up; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) | fœða (dd) |
| give heed to; think, believe; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| give help to, help; follow, accompany; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| give in marriage (v) | gipta |
| give one’s name, greet (give formal welcome to) | næmnæe |
| give up, break off, leave off; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) | bregða |
| give, grant; give in marriage; (impers.) be obtainable; gefr byri - one gets a favorable wind (v) | gefa |
| give, grant; help; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) | veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡) |
| give, offer; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| give, put, deliver; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| give; give something as recompense for something; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) | gjalda |
| give; lend (v) | ljá (léði) |
| give; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| give; sell; hand over to another (v) | selja, sæliæ |
| given (was given) (v) | gafs (‡) |
| giver (m) | bjóðr |
| giver (m) | gegn |
| giver, host (m) | gefandi |
| giving wholesome counsel | heil-raðr |
| Gizur (personal name) | Gizurr |
| Gjallarhorn, Yelling Horn, the horn blown by the god Heimdall to announce the beginning of Ragnarok | Gjallarhorn |
| glacier; ice; icicle (m) | jǫkull |
| glad (to be glad); rejoice at, welcome (v) | fagna (að) |
| glad, cheerful, merry (adj) | glaðr |
| glad, joyful (adj) | feginn |
| gladden (v) | glaða |
| gladden (v) | hlœgja |
| gladly, heartily (adv) | glaðliga |
| gladness, merriment (f) | gleði |
| Glam (personal name) | Glámr |
| Glam sight', illusion (n) | Glám-sýni |
| glance off; taunt; sneer at; slice (v) | sneiða (dd) |
| glance, look; ilt til-lit - look expressing dislike (n) | til-lit |
| glare, gaze, bend forward to see (v) | gægjask (ð) |
| glass beads (f pl) | gler-tǫlr |
| gleam, flash, emit rays; shine (v) | skína |
| gleaming (adj) | fránn |
| glide, move slowly; sink gently down; yield (v) | síga |
| Glitnir, silver hall belonging to the god Forseti | Glitnir |
| glitter (v) | glita (að) |
| glitter, glow, shine (v) | glóa |
| Gloi (personal name), Glow | Glói |
| gloomy, depressed (adj) | ó-kátr |
| glorious (adj) | hēdher-līcer (‡) |
| glorious, famous, noble (adj) | mærr |
| glory | metnaðr |
| glory (f) | dyrð, dyrk |
| glory, honor; road, way; journey; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| glory; celebration; gøra at ágætum - give great praise to (n); glorious deeds (n pl) | ágæti |
| glove (m) | hanzki |
| glove of catskin (m) | kattskinn-glófi |
| gloves (m pl) | wantæ (‡) |
| glow, shine, glitter (v) | glóa |
| glum, depressed (adj) | óglaðr |
| gnaw (v) | gnaga |
| Gnitaheath, the heath where Fafnir, as a dragon, lies upon great wealth (f) | Gnitaheiðr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g go h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| go (of road), lead; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| go (v) | gā (‡) |
| go (v) | gōnga (‡) |
| go flying, tumble; reek, smoke (v) | rjúka |
| go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at; call, call together, summon (v) | stefna (d) |
| go rocking, shake (adv) | skykkjum |
| go to (a place), visit; vera at vitr - be found (v) | vitja (að) |
| go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) | fara |
| go, move; pass (usually of time), progress; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) | líða |
| go, try to go; seek, search for; find; see; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) | leita (að) |
| go, walk; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) | ganga |
| go, walk; tread; cram, pack; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) | troða |
| go; hasten (v) | hvata |
| goad, incite, egg on, urge, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) | eggja (að) |
| goad, staff; beam of light (m) | geisl |
| goat (he-goat) | brusi |
| goat (m) | hafr |
| goat (young goat), kid (n) | kið |
| goat's beestings (f) | kiðja-mjólk |
| goat-skin (f) | hafrstaka |
| God | guth (‡) |
| god (heathen) (n) | goð, guth |
| God (m) | Guð |
| god (m); Æsir- one of the two major groups of gods (m pl) | áss |
| goddess (f) | ásynja |
| goddess of the skis, skiing goddess (f) | ǫndur-dis |
| goddess, known only as the mother of Loki (f) | Laufey |
| gods (m pl) | tivar |
| gods of battle; warrior gods (m pl) | val-tivar |
| gods, powers, rulers (n pl) | regin |
| going berserk, fury of a berserker (m) | berserksgangr |
| going out (f) | út-ganga |
| gold (f) | marglóð |
| gold (n) | gull |
| gold ring (m) | gullhringr |
| gold ring (n) | gull-fingrini (‡) |
| gold, 'arm stone' (m) | hramm-þviti |
| gold, metal of strife (m) | rógmálmr |
| gold, 'river-fire' (m) | á-brandr |
| golden collar (n) | gull-band |
| golden helmet (m) | gull-hjálmr |
| golden-horned (adj) | gullhyrndr |
| good faith, troth (f) | trúa |
| good luck | gipta |
| good luck, fortune (n) | happ |
| good omen; luck (good luck) (n and f) | heill |
| goods (n) | góz |
| goods, merchandise (m) | varnaðr |
| good-tempered; er skappgott - one is in good spirits (adj) | skap-góðr |
| goodwill (m) | góðvili |
| goose (f) | gás |
| gore (by cattle), ram, (head)butt; stangask - butt each other (v) | stanga |
| gorge, ravine (n) | gil |
| Gorm (personal name), first king of the Jelling dynasty in Denmark | Gormr |
| Goths (m pl) | Gautar |
| Goths, (pl) the Goths | Gotar |
| Gothvinasun (personal name) | Goðvinasun |
| govern, rule over, command (v) | stjórna |
| govern, steer, command, direct, rule; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| government (f) | rætzl (‡) |
| government of the land (n) | landráð |
| government, guidance (f) | stýris (‡) |
| grace, mercy (f) | miskunn |
| grace, peace, quiet (f pl) | nādhir (‡) |
| grace; loyalty, allegiance, favor (f) | hylli |
| gracious; happy, pleasant (adj) | bliðr |
| grain; corn; seed (n) | korn |
| Gramr, the name of a sword (m) | Gramr |
| grand, magnificent (adj) | stór-mannligr |
| grandmother (f) | amma |
| grandson, daughter's son (m) | dótturson |
| grandson; son's son (m) | sonar-son, sonarsonr |
| Grani, the name of Sigurd's horse (m) | Grani |
| grant, allow; not to grudge; love (v) | unna |
| grant, give; give in marriage; (impers.) be obtainable; gefr byri - one gets a favorable wind (v) | gefa |
| grant, give; help; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) | veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡) |
| grape (n) | vín-ber |
| grape-vine (m) | vín-viðr |
| grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) | fang |
| grasp, take hold of, pick up; take, capture, catch, seize; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| grasp; get, take, procure; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| grasp; þrifa í - lay hold of; þrifa til - grab hold of (v) | þrífa |
| graspingness (f) | seiling |
| grass (n) | græs (‡) |
| grass or turf patch (f) | torfa |
| grass; herb; pasture; vegetation; plant (n) | gras |
| grass-covered clefts (in the hillside) (f pl) | gras-geilar |
| grassless (adj) | svarð-lauss |
| grassy (adj) | grǫsugr |
| grave destruction; breaking open of a grave-mound (n) | hauga-brot |
| grave fire, fire from graves (m) | hauga-eldr |
| grave mound; burial mound; mound (m) | haugr |
| grave, cairn (f) | dys |
| gravel, pebbles; haukstrandar mǫl - gold rings | mǫl, möl |
| gravelly riverbank; sandbank; shoal; spit, small spit of land running into the sea (f) | eyrr |
| gray (adj) | hǫss (van) |
| gray (all gray) | al-grár |
| gray-bearded, gray-haired, hoary; (a name of Odin) | hárr |
| graze; rest (v) | æja |
| grazing, pasturage (f) | beiting |
| grease (v) | smyriæ (‡), smurþe (‡) |
| greased (freshly greased) (adj) | ný-smurþær (‡) |
| great man, prominent man, wealthy man, man of power (m) | ríkismaðr |
| great number, store; multitude, plenty of (f) | fjölð |
| great river (f) | elfr |
| great, fine, worthy; of great value; valued at (adj) | gildr |
| great, huge, big (adj) | stórr |
| great, powerful, magnificent; mighty (adj) | ríkr |
| greatest, most (adj) | mestr |
| great-grandfather (m) | ái |
| greatly | ákaft |
| greatly (adv) | mikit |
| greed (f) | ágirni |
| greedy (adj) | frekr |
| green (adj) | grœnn |
| green in the winter | vetr-grœnn |
| Greenland's, belonging to Greenland | Grœnlenzkr |
| greet (give formal welcome to), give one’s name | næmnæe |
| greet (v) | heilsa |
| greet, greeting; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| greet, salute; kveðja (upp) - call up, summon (v) | kveðja (kvaddi) |
| greeting, salute (f) | kveðja |
| Grettir (personal name) | Grettir |
| grey (adj) | grár |
| grey-haired, hoary, grey-bearded; (a name of Odin) | hárr |
| grief, sorrow (m) | angr |
| grief, sorrow (m) | harmr |
| grief, sorrow, misfortune (n) | bǫl, böl |
| grieve, vex (v) | harma |
| grim; fierce (adj) | grimmr, grym |
| grimace (v) | gretta (tt) sik |
| grin; glotta við tǫn - grin contemptuously (showing the teeth) (v) | glotta |
| grind (v) | mala |
| grip; grípa til - take up, lay hold of (v) | grípa |
| gripe (v) | rella |
| gripe, bitch | beiskaldi |
| groan (v) | stundi |
| groan, moan (m) | stynr |
| groan, moan (v) | stynja, stundi |
| groan, wail (v) | ymja (umdi) |
| groaning; humming sound (m) | ymr |
| groin (m) | nári |
| ground, bottom (m) | grunnr |
| ground, bottom; broad surface; surface of the earth, earth | grund |
| ground, level ground; field, plain; vǫllr brimils - the sea, 'the seal's ground' (m) | vǫllr, völlr |
| ground, soil; earth, world; land (f) | jörð, jǫrð |
| group or body of men (f); troop; band, company; region; community, district (f pl) | sveit |
| grove (m) | lundr |
| grow (big), thrive, increase (v) | þróask (að) |
| grow (v) | gróa |
| grow dark; become night (v) | nátta |
| grow pale; fade (v) | fǫlna (að) |
| grow up; give birth to; feed; nurse; rear, bring up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) | fœða (dd) |
| grow, grow big, increase, wax; grown up; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) | vaxa |
| growing wild, self-sown | sjálf-sáinn |
| grown up (just) (adj) | frum-vaxta |
| grown up; grow, grow big, increase, wax; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) | vaxa |
| growth, fame, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability (m) | frami |
| growth, increase (m) | ávǫxtr |
| growth, size, stature; shape, form (m) | vǫxtr, vöxtr |
| guard against; watch (v) | varða (að) |
| guard, attend to, tend, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) | gæta (tt) |
| guard, keeper (m) | gætir |
| guard, watch; warden; coastguard, watchman (m) | vorðr, vörðr |
| guard; watch (v) | geyma |
| guess, think, suppose; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| guest (m) | boðsmaðr |
| guest (m) | gestr |
| guidance, government (f) | stýris (‡) |
| guidance; help, support; party, followers; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) | fylgð |
| guide; direct (v) | vísa |
| guild; feast; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation; recompense, return (n) | gildi |
| guild-brethren (m pl) | gildisbrœðr |
| guiltless, innocent | saklauss |
| guilty; convicted; outlawed, condemned to outlawry; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) | sekr |
| gull, seagull; mew (m) | már, mór |
| Gullveig (personal name) | Gullveig |
| gum (of mouth) (m) | gómr |
| Gunnar (personal name) | Gunnarr |
| Gunnhild (personal name) | Gunnhildr |
| Gunnlath (personal name) | Gunnlǫð |
| gunwale? | hástokkr? |
| gush, burst out; erupt (v) | gjósa |
| gut (fat gut) | istrumagi |
| gutless, timid, 'without fortitude', pithless (adj) | þrek-lauss |
| guts (small-guts), intestines (m pl) | smá-þarmar |
| Gylfir (personal name), king in Sweden, name of a Viking | Gylfi |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h he ho i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| habit, custom; obligation; leggja í vanða sin - make a habit of (m) | vandi |
| habitation (human) (f) | manna-vist |
| habits; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance | háttr |
| Hafrsfjord (place name) | Hafrsfjörðr |
| hag (old hag), old woman (f) | kerling |
| hail (m) | hagall |
| Hail! bæði heila hittask - bade god-speed to meet again | heill |
| hail-stone (n) | haglkorn |
| hailstorm; shower, passing storm (n) | él |
| hair (n) | hár |
| hair (of head) (m) | haddr |
| hair shirt (n) | hār-klæðhe (‡) |
| hair, locks (f) | skǫr, skör |
| haired; mjǫk hærðr - having abundant hair | hærðr |
| hairy, furry (adj) | loðinn |
| Hakon (personal name); Hákon jarl Grjótgarðsson - Earl Hakon, son of Grjotgard, Stone-Fence | Hákon |
| halberd (one type of halberd), long spear (f) | kæsia (‡) |
| Haldan (personal name); Hálfdanr svarti - Haldan the Black, 9th century Norwegian king and father of Harald Shaggyhair/Fairhair | Hálfdanr |
| hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| half; hálfu - by half; by far, twice as much | hálfr |
| half; í helminga - in halves; equally (m) | helmingr |
| Halfdan's mounds (m pl) | Hálfdanarhaugar |
| Halfdan's son | Hálfdanarson |
| halftroll | halftroll |
| hall, house consisting of one room; (m) (a complex) dwelling; ground (m pl) | salr |
| hall, main hall, sleeping-hall; shed (m) | skáli |
| hall; há foldar hǫll - the high hall of the world, the heavens (f) | höll, hǫll |
| Halland, Denmark, now part of Sweden (place name) | Halland |
| hall-floor (n) | hallargólf |
| Hallgertha (personal name), Gunnar's wife | Hallgerðr |
| hallow, consecrate; lay a spell on (v) | vígja (ð) |
| halt, stop (v) | stǫðva |
| halyard (ship/sailing term) | ak-taug |
| halyard (ship/sailing term) | dragreip |
| hammer handle (n) | hamar-skapt |
| hammer; crag, cliff (m) | hamarr |
| hamstring sinew, tendon | hásin |
| Hanar (personal name) | Hánarr |
| hand (a man's hand) (f) | manns-hönd |
| hand (f) | mund |
| hand out, share; distribute; mediate; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) | miðla |
| hand over to another; give; sell (v) | selja, sæliæ |
| hand, arm and hand; side, part; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) | hǫnd, hönd |
| handle, shaft of cart; á hávu skapti -on a long shaft; (n) | skapt |
| handless, bereft of a hand, lacking a hand, one-armed | handarvanr |
| handmaid, maidservant; bondwoman (f) | ambátt |
| handshake; shaking hands in conclusion of an agreement (n usually pl) | handsal |
| handsome, beautiful, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising (adj) | vænn |
| handsome, beautiful, fine (adj) | friðr |
| hand-washing bowl (n) | i muntlauki |
| hanging, long, overhanging (adj) | síðr |
| happen, become, turn out; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| happen, come to pass; reach, touch, strike against; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; begin (with infin.); undertake; choose; accept, receive; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| happen, happen to, befall, come to pass; change, become; have to, be obliged to; chance to be; take place; verð at - become; verða í - happen; verða at grjóti - turn to stone; verða at sœtt - reconcile; verða fyrir - comein the way of, come under; verða sæhafa - be driven off-course (when sailing) (ship/sailing term); verða til langæðar - be one's lot for long; ekki verðr af oss - nothing comes of our efforts; ekki mundi okkr til orðit - nothing (i.e., no trouble) would have arisen between us; varð þeim þat fyrir - it happened to them; fé þeira varð vel - their cattle did well; at því mun mǫrgum verða - it shall happen to many accordingly; as many shall learn to their cost; varð fyrir þeim mǫrk - they came upon a forest; at bǫnum vertask - slay each other; verðið vel við - keep up your hearts; vitlitill við - act foolishly about; nú er á orðit mikit fyrir mér - now I have come under great difficulty; varð fyrir þeim mǫrk - they came upon a forest; vera satt - be proved true; vera at bana - be the death of, slay; at bǫnum verðask- slay each other; verðja víss - find out, ascertain; verðið vel við - keep up your hearts; verða við - respond to; verða vitlítill við - act foolishly about (v) | verða |
| happen, turn out; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) | fara |
| happen; be; last; stay; be done; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) | vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡) |
| happening; frequent, usual; hvat er títt um þik? - what is the matter with you?; ti erum bók - I often occupy myself with books; sem tiðast - as fast as they could; aldrigh tīth (‡) - never (adj) | tíðr |
| happiness; prosperity | sæla |
| happy, blessed; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| happy, fortunate (adj) | sæll |
| happy, pleasant; gracious (adj) | bliðr |
| Har (personal name), Greyhair | Hár |
| Harald (personal name); Haraldr blátönn - Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark (958-987 AD); Haraldr harðráði - Harald the Ruthless, Norwegian king (1045-1066); Haraldr hárfagri - Harald Fairhair also Haraldr lúfa - Harald Shaggyhair, Norwegian king who reigned from ca. 860-930; Klakk-Haraldr - Klakk Harald | Haraldr |
| harbor; holding, possession (f) | höfn, hǫfn |
| hard in counsel, tyrannical, ruthless (adj) | harðráðr |
| hard of heart (adj) | for-hardher (‡) |
| hard snow (n) | hjarn |
| hard, difficult; severe, sharp (adj) | harðr |
| hard, fast (adv) | mikinn |
| hard, fast, strongly; firmly; certainly (adv) | fast |
| hard, severe (adj) | snarpr |
| hard, severe; firm, fast; continuous (adj) | fastr |
| hard; sharply | hart |
| harden, clench (v) | herða |
| hard-hearted; ruthless; resolute (adj) | harðhugaðr |
| hardihood; experience of hardship (n) | harð-ræði |
| hardihood; spirit (m) | krellr |
| hardily, vigorously (adv) | knáliga |
| hardly, scarcely (adv) | trauðla |
| hardships (of bad weather) (n) | vás |
| hard-working man (m) | iðjumaðr |
| hardy, vigorous (adj) | knáligr |
| harm, damage, loss; death (m) | skaði |
| harm, danger (m) | háski |
| harm, destruction, misfortune, bane; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n) | læ |
| harm, do harm to (v) | skaða (að) |
| harm, hurt | ógagn |
| harm, injury, pain, hurt; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) | mein |
| harm, shame (m) | vansi |
| harm; difficulty, need, distress; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) | nauð(r) |
| harmful | mainsamr |
| harmful, violent (adj) | mein-samr |
| harness, trace (of harness) (m) | skökull |
| harness, trappings; rigging, tackle; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) | reiði |
| harrier, destroyer | herr |
| harry, raid; plunder; make war (v) | herja (að) |
| harrying, warfare (m) | herskapr |
| harsh (adj) | stirð-lyndr |
| harsh, severe; stiff, rigid (adj) | stirðr |
| harsh, unmerciful (adj) | óvægr |
| harsh, wretched, shameful, bitter (adj) | herfiligr |
| harshly (adv) | stirt |
| hart, stag (m) | hjörtr |
| hart's horn (n) | hjarta-horn |
| harvest, season (f) | árferð |
| has not come (v) | kom-at |
| hasten; go (v) | hvata |
| hasten; hurry, cause to hasten (v) | skynda (d) |
| hastily, quickly (adv) | skyndi-liga |
| hasty, sudden, impatient; hot-tempered (adj) | bráðr |
| hate (n) | hath (‡) |
| hateful (adj) | leiðr |
| Hati, the wolf that pursues the moon (m) | Hati |
| hatred, envy (f) | awnd (‡) |
| haughtiness, pride (n) | draumblæti |
| haughty woman (m) | svarri |
| haughty, proud, arrogant (adj) | stórlátr |
| haughty; daring; ambitious (adj) | stór-ráðr |
| Haugspori, Mound-river | Haugspori |
| haul (ship/sailing term) | hala |
| haul (v) | draga |
| have a household, keep house; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) | búa |
| have authority in; cause; be the cause of; wield; have in charge (v) | valda |
| have claim to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) | eiga |
| have dealings with (v) | blandask |
| have duty to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) | eiga |
| have fortune, fare; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) | fara |
| have in charge; cause; be the cause of; wield; have authority in (v) | valda |
| have in marriage; own, have, possess; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) | eiga |
| have intercourse with; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| have need of; need; (impers.) be necessary; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is necessary (v) | þurfa, thorfua (‡) |
| have not (they have not) | eigu-t |
| have something done; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| have the power to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) | eiga |
| have to, must, owe, be obligated; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) | eiga |
| have, make use of; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| have, own, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) | eiga |
| have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| having a handle of walrus ivory | tann-skeptr |
| having become a retainer | hand-genginn |
| having eyes; eygðr mjǫk - having big eyes | eygðr |
| having finished a meal | mettr |
| having little good sense, witless (adj) | vit-lítill |
| having low lying shores, not steep by the sea (adj) | ó-sæbrattr |
| having no curiosity | ó-forvitinn |
| having regular features (adj) | rétt-leitr |
| hawk (m) | haukr |
| hawk (m) | heiðir |
| hawknose | hauknefr |
| hay-making (n) | hey-verk |
| hay-making (n) | hey-virki |
| haymaking season (f pl) | heyja-annir |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h he ho i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| he (pron) | hann |
| he who, whever (pron) | hwilkæn (‡) |
| he who, whoever (pron) | sá er |
| head (upper end) of lake; lake head (m) | vatns-botn |
| head of a household; husband; farmer; yeoman, franklin (m) | bóndi |
| head 'the support of the helmet' (m) | hjalmstallr |
| head, top, summit (m) | kollr |
| head; person (n) | höfuð, hǫfuð |
| headbutt, ram, gore (by cattle); stangask - butt each other (v) | stanga |
| headland, ness (n) | nes |
| headlong (adv) | hrapalliga |
| healed; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| healthy, unscathed, in health; hale; sound, safe; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| heap | hrúga |
| hear of; learn; ask; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) | fregna |
| hear, hear of; heyra til - hear a sound from; ekki lét heyra sín - did not let a sound be heard from him (v) | heyra (ð) |
| hear, listen to; (impers.) be allowable; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) | hlýða (dd) |
| hearing, silence (n) | hljóð |
| heart (n) | hjarta |
| heart, breast, 'shore of the mind' (f) | mun-strǫnd |
| heart, life-morsel (m) | fjörsegi |
| heart, mind; difference; fyrir engan mun - for no consideration (m) | munr |
| hearth, fireplace or chimney of a forge | afl |
| heartily, gladly (adv) | glaðliga |
| heart's blood (n) | hjartablóð |
| heat (excessive heat) (m) | ofr-hiti |
| heat (v) | verma (d) |
| heat, fire (m) | bruni |
| heat; flame (m) | hiti |
| heat; vehemence (m) | ákafi |
| heath (on high ground), moor (f) | heiðr |
| heathen | heiðinn |
| heathen; sacrifice (n) | blót |
| heathendom (f) | heiðni |
| heathenism, superstition (f) | hindrvitni |
| heave, lift, raise; begin; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) | hefja |
| heaven (m) | hime-rike (‡) |
| heaven, sky (m) | himinn |
| heavens ('upper heaven'), the heavens or sky above (m) | upp-himinn |
| heavy sea; surge of sea; flood (m) | sævar-gangr |
| heavy; difficult; be necessary; þungt ganga - go badly; er þungt í skapi - one is heavy-hearted (adj) | þungr |
| Hebrides (from a Norwegian perspective, lit the South Isles) (f pl) | Suðreyjar |
| Hebrides resident, someone from the Hebrides | Suðreyskr |
| heed (v) | gá (ð) |
| heed, mind; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| heel (m) | hæll |
| Heidrun, a goat that gives mead in Välhöll (m) | Heiðrún |
| heifer (f) | kuīgha (‡) |
| height, hill (f) | hæð |
| Heimdall, the watchman god, who guards the rainbow-bridge; one of the Æsir; World-radiance (m) | Heimdallr |
| heir (m) | arfi |
| heir (m) | arwæ (‡) |
| heir(m) | erfingi |
| Heithrek (personal name) | Heiðrekr |
| hell gate, gate of hell (f) | helgrind |
| hell; Hel, abode of the dead, separate from Vahalla, and ruled over by a goddess of the same name; death; í hel - to death (f) | hel |
| helm, helmet (m) | hjálmr |
| helm, rudder (n) | stýri, styri |
| helmet, helm (m) | hjálmr |
| help (f) | hielp (‡) |
| help (f) | hjálp |
| help (n) | lið-sinni |
| help in difficulty; góðr ó-a - ready to help (f) | ór-lausn |
| help in running a household (n pl) | bús-hœgindi |
| help, aid (n) | fullting |
| help, aid, be useful, be of avail, be of assistance; be safe for; do, show prowess; gott at duga - good (easy) to help; duga verr - come off badly, fare worse (in a contest) (v); suffice (vi) | duga |
| help, aid, protection; inspection; appearance, shape (f) | ásjá |
| help, aid; people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| help, assist; work, do; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) | týja |
| help, benefit (m) | beini |
| help, give help to; follow, accompany; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| help, patronage (n) | um-ráð |
| help, protection, support, confidence (n) | traust |
| help, save (v) | bjarga |
| help, save (v) | hjálpa |
| help, support; guidance; party, followers; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) | fylgð |
| help; avail (v) | tjá (ð) |
| help; give, grant; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) | veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡) |
| help; support (f) | lið-veizla |
| helpful (adj) | gagnsamr |
| helpfulness (f) | gagnsemð |
| helpless state (m) | lama-sess |
| hem, border, end of cloak; sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) | skaut |
| hence, from here; heðan af - from now on, henceforth (adv) | heðan, héðan |
| henchman; man; person; human being; husband (m) | maðr, man, maþær |
| Hengjankjapta, a giantess killed by Thor (f) | Hengjankjapta |
| hens | hænsn (‡) |
| hens (n pl) | hœnsn |
| Hepti (personal name), 'the handle, haft' | Hepti |
| her, hers | hennar |
| her, his, its, their (pron) | sinn |
| herb; grass; pasture; vegetation; plant (n) | gras |
| herd, flock; herding (f) | hjǫrð |
| herd; people; band of men, host; troops; following; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| herding the sheep (f) | smala-ferð |
| herding; herd, flock (f) | hjǫrð |
| herdsman (m) | féhirðir |
| herdsman (m) | hirðir |
| herdsman, shepherd (m) | smala-maðr |
| here (n) | hí |
| here (to here), hither; hingat til - hitherto, up to this time, until now (adv) | hingat |
| here, hither | heðra |
| here; hér af - from this (adv) | hér |
| Herjolf's Fjord (place name) (m) | Herjólfsfjörðr |
| Herjólfsnes; Herjólf's Headland (place name) (n) | Herjólfsnes |
| armor oneself; herklæða sik - put armor on (v) | herklæða (dd) |
| hero (m) | ǫldungr |
| hero, champion (m) | kappi |
| hero, man (m) | halr |
| hero, man (m) | hǫlðr, hǫldr |
| hero; man; warrior; boy (m) | seggr |
| heron | hegri |
| Hervarth (personal name) | Hervarðr |
| Hervor (personal name) | Hervǫr |
| hide (f) | húð |
| hide, bury, cover over, conceal (v) | hylja |
| hide, care, care for, mind, conceal; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) | hirða (ð) |
| hide, conceal; leynask - hide oneself, be concealed; leynask í brott, leynask í burt - steal away, leave (v) | leyna (d) |
| hide, conceal; make over, commend (v) | fela |
| hideous, ugly | illi-ligr |
| hideously (adv) | afskræmi-liga |
| high day, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning at noon, midday, noon (n) | hádegi |
| high up (adv) | ofar-liga |
| high, tall, lofty; loud (adj) | hár |
| higher (in dignity) (adj) | œðri |
| highest | æztr |
| highest (adj) | hoystr (‡) |
| highest (adv) | efst |
| highest, noblest (adj) | œztr |
| highest, uppermost | efstr |
| high-seat, throne, seat of honor (n) | hásæti |
| high-tide, full-flood (f) | há-flœðr |
| Hildr (personal name), a valkyrie | Hildr |
| hill (rough, stony hill or ridge); wood, woodland, forest (n) | holt |
| hill, height (f) | hæð |
| hill, hillock, knoll (m) | hóll |
| hill, hillock, knoll (m) | hváll |
| hill, mountain (n) | fell |
| hill-crest; ridge | háls |
| hill-giant (m) | berg-risi |
| hillock, hill, knoll (m) | hóll |
| hillock, hill, knoll (m) | hváll |
| hill-side, mountain-side; side; slope (f) | hlið |
| hillside, slope | brekka |
| hill-side; leaning, sloping; hallr í göngu - stooped, walking with a stoop (n) | hallr |
| hilt (of a sword) (n pl) | hjǫlt |
| Himinbjorg, place where Bifröst enters Ásgarðr (n pl) | Himinbjörg |
| hind; farther back | eptri |
| hinder (v) | tálma (að) |
| hinder, dissuade (v) | letja (latti) |
| hinder, make difficulty; bind, fetter; hold back, restrain (v) | hepta |
| hire, rent (v) | leiga (ð) |
| hired help, labor (n) | forvirki |
| his (pron) | hans |
| his, her, its, their (pron) | sinn |
| history | fræði |
| history, lore; knowledge (f and n) | frœði |
| history; story; what is said, saga, legend; saga til - a story about (f) | saga |
| hit, find, meet; come to; come upon; arrive at; visit, call on, meet with; meet each other; hit upon; go to see; hitta á - come upon, find; hitta rað - devise a plan; hittask - meet one (v) | hitta (tt) |
| hit, hurt, dare; venture; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) | bella |
| hither, to here; hingat til - hitherto, up to this time, until now (adv) | hingat |
| Hjadnings fight (n) | Hjaðningavíg |
| Hjalmar (personal name) | Hjálmarr |
| Hjalprek, legendary king (m) | Hjálprekr |
| Hjarðarholt, Herd's Hill (place name) (n) | Hjarðarholt |
| Hleiðargarð, the court of Hrolf Kraki; Hleithargarth, Lejre | Hleiðargarðr |
| Hlevang (personal name), Lee-plain | Hlévangr |
| Hlidarendi, Slope's End (place name) | Hliðarendi |
| Hlidskjalf, the seat on which Odin sits in his hall Valaskjálf | Hliðskjálf |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h he ho i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| Hoenir, a god (m) | Hœnir |
| Hof estate (n) | Hofsland |
| Hof residents (m pl) | Hofsverjar |
| hoist, wind; twist, wring, squeeze; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) | vinda |
| Hol (place name), hill (m) | Hóll |
| hold a place against; defend, protect; keep away; keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) | verja (varði) |
| hold back, restrain; hinder, make difficulty; bind, fetter (v) | hepta |
| hold or compartment in hold (ship/sailing term) | rúm |
| hold together; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| hold, grasp, catch; wrestling, contest; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) | fang |
| hold, grip, hold fast; keep, retain; steer, direct; protect; last, hold good, remain; halda at (or til) - go to, sail to; halda fram - hold a course; halda í haf - put out to (open) sea; halda inn með - make one's way into; halda saman - fasten together; halda tal af - value the counsel of; gieta sic uppi haldit - succeed in maintaining oneself; halda á - hold in hand, wield, carry; halda á brottu - make off; halda medh (‡) - take the side of; halda undan - run away; halda við flótta - be on the point of fleeing; halda undan - fly, flee; halda sveit - hold command over a troop; halda upp - hold up; halda við - stand or hold against; haldask - hold, last (v) | halda |
| hold, keep, possess; have; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| hold; lift, raise, heave; begin; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) | hefja |
| holding, possession; harbor (f) | höfn, hǫfn |
| hole (f) | rauf |
| hole, hollow (n) | hol |
| hole, pit, ditch (f) | grǫf, gróf |
| hole, pool (m) | hylr |
| hollow (adj) | holr |
| hollow, hole (n) | hol |
| Holmgard, modern Novgorod (place name) | Hólmgarðr |
| holy (most holy), sacred | ginnheilagr |
| holy day (f) | hōgh-tiið (‡) |
| holy enclosure (m) | staf-garðr |
| holy place (m) | helgistaðr |
| holy, sacred; protected; heilgir fiskar - halibuts (adj) | heilagr |
| homage (m) | man-dōm (‡) |
| home (n); at home (adv) | heima |
| home, homestead (n pl) | hȳ-bȳli |
| home, homestead (n) | heimili |
| home, house, household; farm; estate (n) | bý |
| home, house, household; farming, farm, dwelling; estate; livestock (n) | bú |
| home; homeward; to(wards) the house (adv) | heim |
| homestead | heimstǫð |
| homestead(s), courtyards of a house (pl.), premises | heimisgarðar |
| homestead, farm (f) | staðfesta |
| homestead, home (n pl) | hȳ-bȳli |
| homestead, home (n) | heimili |
| homestead; walls or foundations of a (former) building (f) | topt |
| homeward; home; to(wards) the house (adv) | heim |
| homosexual (passively), cowardly, womanish, effeminate (adj) | argr |
| homosexual (passively), effeminate, cowardly (adj) | ragr |
| honest; fair-minded (adj) | ør-grandr |
| honey-dew (f) | hunangsfall |
| honor | sæmd |
| honor (v) | hēdhra (adh) (‡) |
| honor, credit (f) | mann-virðing |
| honor, glory; road, way; journey; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| honor, respect, value, reputation (f) | virðing |
| honor, respect, value, reputation (f) | virðing |
| honor; compensation (m) | sómi |
| honor; redress, compensation (f) | sœmð, sœmd |
| honorable | sæmiligr |
| honorable, magnificent (adj) | virðu-ligr |
| honorable; becoming (adj) | sœmi-ligr |
| honorable; magnificent (adj) | frægiligr |
| honorably (adv) | ágætliga |
| hood | hǫfuðdúkr |
| hood (m) | hattr |
| hood (m) | hǫttr |
| hood of lamb-skin (m) | lambskinns-kofri |
| hook (m) | krókr |
| hop; throw; shoot; launch (boat); roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) | skjóta |
| hope for, expect (v) | vænta (t) |
| hope, expect (v) | vætta |
| hope, expectation, prospect; probability; sem ván var - as was to be expected; erumk vánir - I am expecting; at vánum - to be expected; vánu bráðara - sooner than expected; (f) | ván |
| hopeful; beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; promising (adj) | vænn |
| Hordaland (place name) (n) | Hörðaland |
| horizon or precinct of heaven, rim of heaven, sky | himinioðurr |
| horn; drinking horn; corner (n) | horn |
| Hornbori (personal name) | Hornbori |
| horror, phantom (n) | skrípi |
| horse (poetic) (m) | drasill |
| horse, stallion (m) | hestr |
| horse, steed; sea (m) | marr |
| horse; mare (n) | hross |
| horse; means of conveyance (m) | farar-skjóti |
| horse-flesh (n) | hrossakjǫt |
| horseman, 'horse-tree'; vágaviggruðr, ruðrvágviggs - seafarer, 'tree (man, rider) of the steed of the waves' (m) | vígg-ruðr |
| horseman, rider (m) | riddari |
| horse-prick (m) | beytill |
| Horvarth (personal name) | Hjǫrvarðr |
| Hoskuldsstadir, Hoskuld's farmstead (place name) | Höskuldsstaðir |
| hospitality, liberality (f) | risna |
| hospitality; invitation (f) | lǫð |
| host (n) | fjǫl |
| host of warriors, troop; folk, people, men; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) | fólk, folk |
| host, band of men; people; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| host, gathering (m) | samnaðr |
| host, multitude (n) | mengi |
| host; companion (m); host, company (m pl) | sinni |
| hostage; bailiff; warder (m) | gísl |
| hostile, unreconciled (adj) | ó-sāter (‡) |
| hostility, contumely; insult (n) | nið |
| hostility, war; strife (m) | ó-friðr |
| hot (adj) | heitr |
| Hott (personal name), Hood (the Masked One) (m) | Höttr, Hǫttr |
| hot-tempered; sudden, hasty, impatient (adj) | bráðr |
| Hott's guardian | Hattargriði |
| hound, dog (m) | hundr |
| hour; time; period of time; a while, a time; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) | stund |
| house | bær |
| house consisting of one room, hall; (m) (a complex) dwelling; ground (m pl) | salr |
| house, home, household; farm; estate (n) | bý |
| house, home, household; farming, farm, dwelling; estate; livestock (n) | bú |
| house; room of house (n); farm (n pl) | hús |
| house-building (f) | húsgørð |
| house-folk, thralls (n) | man |
| household (n pl) | hjú |
| household, home, house; farm; estate (n) | bý |
| household, home, house; farming, farm, dwelling; estate; livestock (n) | bú |
| housewife (f) | rygr |
| housewife; lady of the house (f) | húsfreyja |
| how, however; just how (adv) | hversu |
| how, in what way (adv) | hvernig, hvernug |
| how; as | at því er |
| how? | huræ |
| how? (adv) | hvé |
| however, how; just how (adv) | hversu |
| however, nevertheless; yet, and yet; þo at, þótt - though, even if (adv) | þó |
| however; whether; (introduces direct question); hvart er - can it be? (adv) | hvárt |
| howl, yell (v) | ýla, yla |
| howling (m) | þytr |
| Hrani (personal name) | Hrani |
| Hreidmar (personal name); the father of Otr, Fafnir and Regin (m) | Hreðmarr |
| Hringariki (place name) (n) | Hringariki |
| Hrolf (personal name); Hrólfr kraki - Hrolf Kraki, legendary Danish king (m) | Hrólfr |
| Hrolf the Walker (personal name) | Göngu-Hrólfr |
| Hrotti, sword from the Völsung cycle, part of Fáfnir's treasure, which Sigurðr took after he slew the dragon (m) | Hrotti |
| Hrungnir, a giant killed by Thor with his hammer (m) | Hrungnir |
| Hrutsstadir (place name); Hrut's farmstead (m) | Hrútsstaðr |
| huge (of huge proportions) (adj) | stór-skorinn |
| huge, great, big (adj) | stórr |
| hugely (adv) | stórum |
| hull (frame of ship's hull) | röng |
| hull (ship/sailing term) | húfr |
| hull, board, strake, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) | borð |
| human | mann-ligr |
| human | menskr |
| human being; man; person; husband; henchman (m) | maðr, man, maþær |
| human intelligence, common sense; intelligence (n) | mannvit |
| human likeness or form, being in human shape | manlíkan |
| human sacrifice (n) | mann-blót |
| human, man (m) | gumi |
| humankind; men, people; living beings or creatures (m pl) | firar |
| humbly (adv) | lítillátliga |
| humiliation; disgrace (f) | læging |
| humiliation; insult (f) | hrakning |
| humming sound; groaning (m) | ymr |
| hump, hunchback (f) | kúla |
| hunchback, hump (f) | kúla |
| hundred; tólfrætt hundrað = 120; tírætt hundrað = 100 (n) | hundrað |
| hunger (m) | gráðr |
| hunger (m) | sultr |
| hunger; svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (m) | hungr |
| hungry, starving (adj) | soltinn |
| hunt; catch (v) | veiða |
| hunting expedition (f) | veiði-fǫr |
| hunting king (m) | veiði-konnungr |
| hunting, fishing, catch (f) | veiðr |
| huntsman (m) | veiði-maðr |
| hurdle (m) | hurðarflaki |
| hurl (v) | færa |
| hurl (v) | sløngva |
| hurl; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| hurl; shoot; let something fly (v) | fleygja (gð) |
| hurry, cause to hasten; hasten (v) | skynda (d) |
| hurry, crowd, throng, drift, rush (vi) | drifa |
| hurry, race (v) | rás |
| hurt, harm | ógagn |
| hurt, hit, dare; venture; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) | bella |
| hurt, injure, damage; maim; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) | meiða (dd) |
| hurt, injury, pain, harm; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) | mein |
| husband, man (m) | verr |
| husband; farmer; yeoman, franklin; head of a household (m) | bóndi |
| husband; man; person; human being; henchman (m) | maðr, man, maþær |
| Hvinir (place name) | Hvinir |
| Hyrrokkin, a giantess killed by Thor | Hyrrokkin |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| I | iak (‡) |
| I (pron) | ek |
| I cannot | má-k-at |
| I have not seen | sá-k-a-k |
| I was not | vas-k-a |
| Iari (personal name) | Iari |
| ice breaking; við ísa-brot - when the ice broke up (in the spring) (n) | ísabrot |
| ice, icicle (m) | íss |
| ice; fetils svell - the gleaming sword (n) | svell |
| ice; glacier; icicle (m) | jǫkull |
| Iceland (n) | Ísland |
| Iceland geography (from the west-fjord district of Iceland) | vest-firzkr |
| Icelandic (adj) | íslenzkr |
| icicle, ice (m) | íss |
| icicle; glacier; ice (m) | jǫkull |
| if (conj) | um (‡) |
| if; (to see) if; whether; lest (conj) | ef |
| if; but, and; than; when; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) | en |
| ignominy, dishonor (m) | ósómi |
| ignorant, uninformed (adj) | óvitr |
| ill fame (of ill fame) | wæi-mærr (‡) |
| ill, badly (adv) | illa |
| ill; sore (adj) | van-mátta |
| ill-clad, naked; setja nøkðan - erase (adj) | nøkkviðr, nøktan |
| ill-favored, ugly, mean-looking (adj) | vesal-ligr |
| ill-favored, wretched (adj) | ó-sælligr |
| illness, sickness (f) | sótt |
| illuminate; dawn; proclaim (v) | lysa |
| impassable | ófærr |
| impassable, unable to move (adj) | ó-fœrr |
| impatient, sudden, hasty; hot-tempered (adj) | bráðr |
| impetuously, exceedingly, very, vehemently (adv) | ákafliga |
| importance; consequence (f) | til-kváma |
| important (of the greatest importance) | mest-háttar |
| impose, pronounce, decree; make, create (v) | skepia (skóp, skapða) |
| imposing, of distinguished appearance (adj) | mikil-úðligr |
| improve; batnar - one recovers (v) | batna |
| impure (adj) | óhreinn |
| in a row (adv) | í samt |
| in a trance, entranced; intense(ly) | hugleikinn |
| in accordance with, corresponding to; like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; similar to (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| in any way, somewhat (adv) | nǫkkut, nǫkkuru |
| in crowds, in large numbers (adv) | fjölmennt |
| in days gone by, said of old (n) | forn-kveðit |
| in exchange, meet (them) (adv) | móti, mōte (‡) |
| in good spirits; merry with ale | ǫl-teitr |
| in haste (adv) | snar-liga |
| in many places, widely, far and wide; extensively (adv) | víða |
| in no way | enga-lund |
| in such a way (adv) | slíkt |
| in that place; there; since; although; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) | þar |
| in the beginning of (adj) | ǫnd-verðr |
| in the course of; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| in the meantime; (á) meðan - while, when (conj) | meðan |
| in the meantime; while, as long as, whilst (adv) | meðan |
| in the north country | norðan-lands |
| in this way, so, thus; also; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) | svá |
| in truth | sanne-līka (‡) |
| in truth, certainly (adv) | víst |
| in unsoldierly fashion (adv) | ó-hermannliga |
| in vain, without purpose, for nothing; fara ørendislaust - go in vain, without a purpose or reason (adv) | ørendislaust |
| in what way, how (adv) | hvernig, hvernug |
| in, (all) over; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| in, at; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) | at |
| in, at; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| in, into (motion toward); within (adv) | inn |
| in, within; at (position); during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) | í |
| in; á miðli - between, among (adv) | miðli, milli, millum |
| in; between (prep) | milli |
| in; í bland (‡) - among (prep) | bland (‡) |
| in; í gær - yesterday | gær |
| in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| in; um (or of) síðir - at last (f pl) | síðir |
| incautiously (adv) | ó-varliga |
| incest (n) | sifja-slit |
| incite, goad, egg on, urge, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) | eggja (að) |
| incite; etja vandræðum við mik - set yourself in defiance against me (v) | etja |
| incompetent (adj) | skreyja |
| increase (f) | økilse (‡) |
| increase, augment; add; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) | auka |
| increase, grow (big), thrive (v) | þróask (að) |
| increase, grow, grow big, wax; grown up; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) | vaxa |
| increase, growth (m) | ávǫxtr |
| increase; fœrask í aukana - exert the utmost of one's strength (m) | auki |
| incumbrance (on an estate); tax, due; reason; sake (f) | skyld |
| indented with bays | vág-skorinn |
| indented with firths (fjords) | fjarð-skorinn |
| in-doors; within, inside; within the house (adv) | inni |
| infant (m) | kǫgur-sveinn |
| infer; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| information, news (f) | fregn |
| information; narration | frásǫgn |
| information; speech, talk; tale, story; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| Ingibjorg (personal name); Ingibjörg Hróðgeirsdóttir ins hvita - Ingibjorg, daughter of Hrodgeir the White (f) | Ingibjörg |
| Ingjald (personal name); Ingjaldr tryggvi - Ingjald the True (m) | Ingjaldr |
| Ingolf | Ingófr |
| Ingolf's Fell | Ingólfsfell |
| Ingolf's Head | Ingólfshǫfði |
| inhabit, occupy; settle (v) | byggva |
| inhabit; dwell; settle; build; byggias firir - settle in (v) | byggja (gð) |
| inhabitant or native of a country, countryman (m) | lands-maðr |
| inhabitant, dweller; neighbor (m) | búi |
| inhabited land (n) | bö-land (‡) |
| inherit; throw a funeral feast; commemorate with a funeral feast (v) | erfa (ð) |
| inheritance (m) | arfr |
| inheritance (n) | arf |
| inhuman (adj) | ō-manlīcer (‡) |
| injure (v) | lesta (t) |
| injure, hurt, damage; maim; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) | meiða (dd) |
| injury (serious) (m) | geigr |
| injury, misfortune; penalty, punishment, liability to penalty | víti |
| injury, mutilation (n) | meizl |
| injury, pain, harm, hurt; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) | mein |
| injustice | ófagnaðr |
| injustice, unfairness (m) | ójafnaðr |
| inlay (runes); throw, cast; deal out; verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) | verpa |
| inlay; dig; engrave; grafa niðr - bury; grafinn nið - rooted to the ground (v) | grafa |
| inlet of the sea, sea; lake | sær (sævar) |
| inlet, fjord, firth (m) | fjǫrðr |
| inner, upper; latter; later; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) | efri |
| innocent, guiltless | saklauss |
| inquire, find out (v) | forvitnask |
| inside, within; in-doors; within the house (adv) | inni |
| insignificant men, men of little power (m pl) | smá-menn |
| insignificant; undersized (adj) | smá-skitligr |
| inspection; help, aid, protection; appearance, shape (f) | ásjá |
| insult; hostility, contumely (n) | nið |
| insult; humiliation (f) | hrakning |
| intellect, thought, mind | hyggiandi |
| intelligence, knowledge (n pl) | vísindi |
| intelligence, sense, wit, wits, understanding (n) | vit |
| intelligence; human intelligence, common sense (n) | mannvit |
| intelligent, wise (adj) | vitr (ran) |
| intelligently, carefully (adv) | skynsam-liga |
| intend (to do), expect, look for, purpose, mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| intend, mean; think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| intend; want, wish, will, be willing; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) | vilja |
| intense(ly); entranced, in a trance | hugleikinn |
| intent (f) | ætlan |
| interpret, explain, interpret as; signify; win over; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) | þýða (dd) |
| intestines, small-guts (m pl) | smá-þarmar |
| intimidate; terrorize; 'helm of terror'; bera œgishjálm yfir - intimidate, terrorize (m) | œgis-hjálmr |
| intimidating, unfriendly (adj) | óþýðr |
| into (motion toward), in; within (adv) | inn |
| into (motion), onto; in, within; at (position); during (time); among; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) | í |
| into; within (prep) | innan |
| invent; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| invest; lay out; er bezt varit í Nóeg - which is of the greatest value to bring to Norway (v) | verja (varði) |
| investigate, search, peer (v) | nýsa (t) |
| invitation (friendly invitation) | þióðlǫð |
| invitation; hospitality (f) | lǫð |
| invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| Ireland (n) | írland |
| Irish (adj) | Írskr |
| iron wire (n) | gres-járn |
| iron, weapon (n) | jarn, járn |
| iron-smith (m) | járnsmiðr |
| is | ir (‡) |
| is; who, which, that; when; where; as; redundant (conj) | er |
| island (f) | ey |
| island (f) | oy (‡) |
| island (n) | eyland |
| island (n) | eyna |
| island inhabitant (m) | eyjarskeggi |
| island surface (m) | eybarmr |
| Isleif | Ísleifr |
| issue forth; jump, spring; burst; die from overexertion or grief (v) | springa |
| it; sá - that (one) (pron) | þat |
| Ithavale (place name) | Iðavǫllr |
| its, his, her, their (pron) | sinn |
| Ivar (personal name ) (m) | Ívarr |
| ivory; bone (n) | bein |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| jacket (sleeveless) (m) | kǫssungr, kossungr |
| jaw (m) | kjǫptr |
| jerk, pull; snatch, pick up; rend (v) | kippa (ð, t) |
| jetsam; driftage, a thing drifted ashore, wreck (m) | reki |
| jewel, [poetic] precious stone; stone, rock; cave or stone dwelling (m) | steinn |
| jewel, treasure, necklace (n); jewels, treasures (n pl) | men |
| join; meet; deal with; sem landit mœttisk ok flóðit gekk efst - where the land and high tide meet (v) | mœta (tt) |
| joint; leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) | liðr |
| Jormundgand, name of the Midgard Serpent, the world serpent (m) | Jörmundgandr |
| journey south (to Rome) (f) | suðr-ganga |
| journey to Greenland (f) | Grœnlands-ferð |
| journey, journeying; expedition; movement; í fǫr - in company with; eiga skip í fǫrum - own a trading ship (f) | för, fǫr |
| journey, way; road, path; manner, fashion (f) | leið |
| journey; conduct, behavior; dealings (f) | ferð |
| journey; road, way; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| joy, delight | angan |
| joyful meeting (m) | fagna-fundr |
| joyful, glad (adj) | feginn |
| joyfully (most joyfully) (adv) | megin-kátliga |
| judge (m) | dómari |
| judge (v) | dæma |
| judge; proclaim (v) | dœma |
| judgment (whether favorable or unfavorable) (m) | dómr |
| judgment or council seat | rǫcstóll |
| judgment seat (m) | dómstóll |
| judgment, doom (n pl) | rök |
| judgment; reputation, fame; court; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) | dómr |
| jump, spring; issue forth; burst; die from overexertion or grief (v) | springa |
| just as much, equally great | jafn-mikill |
| just awakened (adj) | ný-vaknaðr |
| just how; how, however (adv) | hversu |
| just man; man of moderation (m) | Hófsmaðr |
| just off, near to; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; (thrown) down (adv) | undan |
| just, fair, proper (adj) | sannligr |
| just, fair; right, correct, straight; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) | réttr |
| justice, equality (m) | jafnaðr |
| Jutland (place name) (n) | Jótland |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| keel (m) | kjǫlr |
| keen, sharp; prickly (adj) | hvass |
| keen, swift, bold; liberal, open-handed (adj) | ǫrr (van) |
| keep away; defend, protect; hold a place against, keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) | verja (varði) |
| keep house, have a household; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) | búa |
| keep on in ignorance of; deceive oneself; vera dulinn - be unaware of; ganga duliðr - be mistaken; (v) | dylja (dulði) |
| keep watch; guard, attend to, tend, watch over; take care of; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) | gæta (tt) |
| keep, hold, possess; have; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| keep, preserve, watch, defend (v) | varð-veita |
| keep; mind, care, care for, hide, conceal; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) | hirða (ð) |
| keeper, guard (m) | gætir |
| keeping; possession (f) | hirzla |
| keeping; things in charge (f) | varð-veizla |
| Keila, a giantess killed by Thor (f) | Keila |
| Ketil (personal name) | Ketill |
| key (m) | lykill |
| kick; place the feet; spyrna í iljar - touch one another with the soles of the feet (two men lying on their backs) (v) | spyrna (d) |
| kid, young goat (n) | kið |
| kidney (n) | nýra |
| Kili (personal name) | Kíli |
| kill (v) | bana (að) |
| kill, slay; fight; smite; lift; vegask - fight (v) | vega |
| kill, slay; strike, smite; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) | drepa |
| killer, executioner, slayer (m) | banamaðr |
| killing by night (n) | nátt-vig |
| killing, murder (n) | dráp |
| kin, child; baby; offspring, progeny, family | kind |
| kin, kindred, origin, kind (n) | kyn |
| kind, custom, manner, type; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance | háttr |
| kind, kin, kindred, origin (n) | kyn |
| kind, order (f) | slækt (‡) |
| kindle, light (v) | kveykva, kveikti |
| kindly (adv) | linr |
| kindred, kin, origin, kind (n) | kyn |
| king | gramr |
| king (m) | fylkir |
| king (m) | konungr, kunung(h)r (‡) |
| King of the Danes (m) | Dana-konungr |
| king of the English (Angles); king of England (m) | Engla-konungr |
| King of the Irish (m) | írakonungr |
| king of the Swedes (m) | Svía-konungr |
| king, chief (m) | hilmir |
| king, prince (m) | buðlungr |
| king, prince (m) | lofðungr |
| king; lord (m) | þengill |
| king; prince (m) | jǫfurr |
| king’s hall and court | konungs-garðr |
| king’s man | konung-maðr |
| kingdom (m) | konungdómr |
| kingdom (n) | konunge-dømæ (‡) |
| kingdom; realm; power, authority (n) | ríki |
| kingly (adj) | konunghs-leker (‡) |
| Kings' Lives, Life (Story) of the Kings | Konunga-ævi |
| king's man; retainer (m) | hirðmaðr |
| king's man; servant, retainer; farmhand (m) | húskarl |
| king's men (f) | verðung |
| king's throne or residence; stool, chair; bishop's see (m) | stóll, stōll (‡) |
| kinship (f) | frændsemi |
| kin-slaying (one) (m) | mögfellandi |
| kinsman (m) | náungi |
| kinsman through marriage, son, kinsman, scion (m) | niðr |
| kinsman, friend, relative (m) | frændi |
| kinsman, son, scion, kinsman through marriage (m) | niðr |
| kirtle, coat (f) | skyrta |
| kirtle, tunic (m) | kyrtill |
| kiss (v) | kyssa (t) |
| Kjallandi, giant killed by Thor (f) | Kjallandi |
| Klifshagi (place name), Cliff Meadow (m) | Klifshagi |
| knead (v) | knoða (að) |
| knee (n) | kné |
| knife (m) | knífr |
| knife; short-sword (n) | sax |
| knob (m) | knappr |
| knob of tin (m) | tin-knappr |
| knock (at the door); struggle; exert oneself; press, urge on, compel, force; knýjask - struggle on (v) | knyja, knýja |
| knock (v) | klappa |
| knock; kill, slay; strike, smite; drepa fœti - stumble (v) | drepa |
| knoll, hill, hillock (m) | hóll |
| knoll, hill, hillock (m) | hváll |
| knot (m) | knútr |
| knot; loop (f) | lykkja |
| know of; see, gaze; perceive, understand; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) | sjá |
| know, know how to; be able; feel (an emotion); blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) | kunna |
| know, recognize; notice, perceive; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) | þekkja (ð) |
| know; be aware of; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up (v) | vita |
| know; perceive; taste; feel; recognize; name, tell; teach; attribute; kenna at - recognize by; þar sem holta kendi - wherever there was woodland; hvar ru kendir - name, tell; teach (v) | kenna (d) |
| knowing (v) | vitandi |
| knowledge, ability (f) | kunnusta |
| knowledge, accomplishments (f) | kunnandi |
| knowledge, intelligence (n pl) | vísindi |
| knowledge, lore, magic (m) | fróðleikr |
| knowledge; kunna skyn á - have knowledge of (f) | skyn |
| knowledge; lore, history (f and n) | frœði |
| known; better known (adj) | kunnr |
| known; certain, wise; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) | víss |
| known; wise; versed in magic; honum var kunnigt í - he had knowledge of (adj) | kunnigr |
| knuckle (m) | knúi |
| knuckle-bone (f) | knúta |
| Knut (personal name); Knútr inn riki - King Canute the Great (m) | Knútr |
| Krossavik, Cross Bay or Inlet, presumably an inlet where a cross was erected, a farmstead (f) | Krossavík |
| Kveld-Ulf (personal name), Night Wolf (m) | Kveld-Úlfr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l li m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| labor, hired help (n) | forvirki |
| laborer (m) | verk-maðr |
| lace, thong; leiðar þvengr - serpent, 'thong of the road' (m) | þvengr |
| lack of means, poverty (n) | efna-leysi |
| lack of moderation, pride (n) | óhóf |
| lack, need | þǫrf |
| lack; be lacking; be lacking to one; skortir - one is in want of; one is short of, one lacks (v) | skorta |
| lacking; accustomed, wont; usual; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) | vanr |
| lacking; er ávant - is wanted, needed; þykkir mér á - I think I lack (adj) | ávant |
| ladle; pour; sprinkle; water; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) | ausa |
| lady (f) | snót |
| lady (m) | svanni |
| lady of the house; housewife (f) | húsfreyja |
| lady, mistress (f) | frú |
| lady, wearer of necklace (f) | menn-skurð (‡) |
| lair (n) | ból |
| lair (of a fox), foxhole (n) | gren |
| lake head; head (upper end) of lake (m) | vatns-botn |
| lake; sea, inlet of the sea | sær (sævar) |
| lake; water; waterway; river (n) | vatn, watn (‡) |
| lame (adj) | haltr |
| lance, spear (n) | spjót |
| land of the giants (m pl) | Jötunheimr |
| land quality (m) | land-kostr |
| land tax, property tax (f) | landskyld |
| land(s), fields (n pl) | bjǫð |
| land, shore (f) | fit |
| land; country; estate (n) | land |
| land; earth, world; ground, soil (f) | jörð, jǫrð |
| land; fields (n pl) | biǫð, bjǫð |
| land-dues; a tax paid by Icelanders to the king upon arrival in Norway (m pl) | landaurar |
| landed estate, farmhouse, farmstead; farm; town (m) | bœr |
| landed; describes one who has received a grant of land from a king; lendr maðr - landholder, nobleman (adj) | lendr |
| landing-stage; gangway; pier; bridge (f) | bryggja |
| landloper; vagrant; unmarried man of no fixed abode (m) | ein-hleypingr |
| landslide (f) | skriða |
| lane (f) | geil |
| lane between fences (f pl); treading (f) | trǫð |
| language; dialect; speech, talk; tale, story; information; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| language; tongue; tongue of land at the meeting of two rivers (f) | tunga |
| lantern, light; burning light (n) | ljós |
| last (adv) | síðastr |
| last time (adv) | næstum |
| last, go on; go, walk; advance; take place; extend; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) | ganga |
| last; at ýtersto (‡) - finally | ýtrster (‡) |
| late; síðar - later; síðast - latest, last (adv) | síð |
| late; slow; tedious (adj) | seinn |
| later (adv) | síðar |
| later; latter; upper, inner; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) | efri |
| latest (adv) | síðast |
| latter; later; upper, inner; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) | efri |
| laugh; smile (v) | hlæja |
| laughable (adj) | hlœgi-ligr |
| laugher (one who laughs) or smiles at one | viðhlæjandi |
| laughter (m) | hlátr |
| launch (boat); throw; shoot; hop; roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) | skjóta |
| lava; boulder-strewn rocky ground (n) | hraun |
| law (f pl) | lægh (‡) |
| law capable (skilled in the law) | log-kœnn |
| law of the land (n pl) | lands-lǫg |
| law of the land, customary rights (m) | landsréttr |
| law, laws; constitution | lög, lǫg |
| law; right, lawful claim; cause, condition; treaty (m) | réttr |
| lawful claim, right; cause, condition; law; treaty (m) | réttr |
| lawful, legal (adj) | lögligr |
| lawlessness (n) | ólög |
| lawman (m) | lag-maþær (‡) |
| lawman (m) | lögmaðr |
| law-rock (where the law was recited) (n) | lögberg, lǫgberg |
| law-speaker of the assembly | lögsögumaðr, lǫgsǫgumaðr |
| lawsuits (n pl) | mála-ferli |
| Laxardal (place name), Salmon Valley (m) | Laxárdalr |
| lay (a ship) alongside (in a sea fight) (ship/sailing term) (v) | sí-byrða (ð) |
| lay a spell on; consecrate, hallow (v) | vígja (ð) |
| lay down, put down; place, lay, put; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| lay hands on (v) | hdla |
| lay hands on; seize (v) | hǫndla |
| lay out; invest; er bezt varit í Nóeg - which is of the greatest value to bring to Norway (v) | verja (varði) |
| lay waste; waste; spend; do away with, destroy; make empty; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) | eyða (dd) |
| lay, order, disposition; stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| lay, place, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| layer, position, stratum; stab, thrust; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| lead, go (of road); lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| lead; make tired of; become tired of (v) | leiða (dd) |
| leader | vini |
| leader of the host, lord (m) | dróttinn |
| leader, captain, chieftain, (lit fore-man) (m) | formaðr |
| leader, captain, commander (m) | foringi |
| leader, chieftain (m) | yfir-maðr |
| leader, notable or outstanding person, paragon (m) | skǫrungr, skörungr |
| leader, overseer (m) | forstjóri |
| leader, prince (m) | fólkhagi |
| leader, prince (m) | vísi |
| leader, ruler (m) | skati |
| leader; chieftain; captain; chief, ruler (m) | hǫfðingi |
| leader; patron; friend (m) | vinr |
| leaf (n) | laufsblað |
| leaf-green, verdant (adj) | laufgrœnn |
| league; unit of distance between two resting stages (perhaps equivalent to the Old Scandinavian mile); usually between four and five English miles (f) | röst |
| leak, drip, dribble (v) | leka |
| leaning, sloping; hill-side; hallr í göngu - stooped, walking with a stoop (n) | hallr |
| leap, run (v) | stikla |
| leap, spring, burst; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) | støkkva |
| leap, spring; run; climb; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) | hlaupa |
| learn by heart; fasten; strengthen; bite, take effect on; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) | festa (t) |
| learn; hear of; ask; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) | fregna |
| learned (in magic) (adj) | margkunnigr |
| learned, wise; quiet (adj) | spakr |
| least (adj) | minstr |
| least; last (adv) | sízt |
| leather bag (f) | leðr-hosa |
| leather hammock (n) | huð-fat |
| leather neck | ledrhals |
| leather strap (f) | ál |
| leave off, break off, give up; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint; bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) | bregða |
| leave to depart (n) | fararleyfi |
| leave, leave as heritage, leave after death; leave behind, abandon, relinquish; leifðu at sik - left in themselves, lost in death (v) | leifa (ð) |
| leave, leave off; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| leave, permission (n) | leyfi |
| led easily, compliant; genial (adj) | leiðitamr |
| leek; (general) plant | laukr |
| left (adj) | vinstri |
| left-handed (adj) | ǫrvendr |
| leg, foot and leg; foot (m) | fótr |
| leg; bone (hollow bone of arms and legs); leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) | leggr |
| legal procedure (m) | lǫgmál |
| legal, lawful (adj) | lögligr |
| legend, what is said, saga; story; history; saga til - a story about (f) | saga |
| legislature at the Althing (f) | lögretta |
| Leid, a giant killed by Thor (m) | Leiði |
| Lejre in modern Denmark; royal seat of king Hrolf Kraki | Hleiðra |
| lend; give (v) | ljá (léði) |
| length (a long way); for a long time (adv) | langt |
| length (f) | lengð |
| length (of equal length) | jafn-langr |
| lengthen, prolong (v) | lengja (ð) |
| less | færa |
| less (adj) | minni |
| less (adv) | síðr |
| less arduous (adj) | starfa-minna |
| less sore, less painful (adj) | ó-sárari |
| less vexatious (adj) | skapraunar-minna |
| lessen, be diminished (v) | minka |
| lesser outlaw (m) | fjǫrbaugs-maðr |
| lesser outlawry (m) | fjǫrbaugs-garðr |
| lest; if; whether; (to see) if (conj) | ef |
| let something fly; shoot; hurl (v) | fleygja (gð) |
| let, allow, permit; put, place, set; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| letter (n) | bréf |
| level, smooth (adj) | sléttr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l li m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| liability (f) | ábyrgð |
| liability to penalty, penalty, punishment; injury, misfortune | víti |
| liberal, open-handed; swift, bold, keen (adj) | ǫrr (van) |
| liberality, hospitality (f) | risna |
| license to export meal (n) | mjölleyfi |
| lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| lie, falsehood (f) | lygi |
| lie, rest, sleep (v) | hvíla (ð, d) |
| lie, tell a lie; fail; false (v) | ljúga |
| lie; welter (v) | þrumði |
| life (m pl) | lífdagar |
| life (n) | fjǫr |
| life together; vildi ekki samræði við Eirik - would not live with Eirik (n) | sam-ræði |
| life; age, time; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) | ævi |
| life; breath; spirit, soul (f) | ǫnd, önd |
| life; lífs - alive; á lífi - alive; lífit á leggja - lay down one's life (n) | líf |
| life-morsel, heart (m) | fjörsegi |
| life-story; life; age, time; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) | ævi |
| lifetime; age; old age; long period of time; vera við aldr - be well on in years (m) | aldr |
| lift (v) | lypta (t) |
| lift, raise (v) | yppa (pð) |
| lift, raise, heave; begin; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) | hefja |
| lift; kill, slay; fight; smite; vegask - fight (v) | vega |
| lift; stop, cease; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) | létta |
| light chestnut (adj) | ljós-jarpr |
| Light Elves (m pl) | Ljósálfar |
| light, kindle (v) | kveykva, kveikti |
| light, lantern; burning light (n) | ljós |
| light; clear; bright; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) | ljóss |
| like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| likelihood; trace (n pl) | líkindi |
| likely | glíkligr |
| likely to wound (adj) | skeinuhættr |
| likely, probable (adj) | líkligr |
| likely; like, resembling; probable; promising; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| likewise | samu-laiþ (‡) |
| limbs, branches (f pl) | limar |
| lime-tree; shield (f) | lind |
| Linakradale (place name), Valley of Linen Fields (m) | Línakradalr |
| lineage; descendants (f) | kyn-kvísl |
| linen garment, linen; flax; bride's veil (n) | lín |
| linen, flax, bow-string (m) | hörr, hǫrr |
| linen, linen garment; flax; bride's veil (n) | lín |
| linen; clothes (n) | lérept |
| lintel, upper cross-piece of doorway (n) | upp-dyri |
| lion | lēnu (‡), lēonu (‡) |
| lip; beard; beak; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) | grǫn |
| list, reckoning, enumeration; talk, parley, conversation; consultation (n) | tal |
| listen to, hear; (impers.) be allowable; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) | hlýða (dd) |
| lit (personal name), Wise | Litr |
| look about (litask um) (v) | litask (að) |
| litigation, quarrel (f) | deild |
| little (adv) | lítit |
| little, short; lítill fyrir sér - weak, of no account; lítla hrið - for a little while; lítlu - a little; lítlu siðar(r) - a little later (adj) | lítill |
| little, small (adj) | smár |
| little; few; a small number; cold, reserved; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) | fár |
| little; lítt til - little of; (adv) | lítt |
| live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) | búa |
| live (v) | lifa (ð) |
| live at; dwell, stay, abide enjoy, be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) | una |
| livestock; home, house, household; farming, farm, dwelling; estate (n) | bú |
| living beings or creatures; men, people; humankind (m pl) | firar |
| living creature (n) | kvikvendi |
| living happily, having a happy life | sællifðr |
| living, alive, animate (adj) | kykr |
| load (a horse) with pack-saddles (v) | klyfja (að) |
| load, burden (f) | byrðr |
| load; ferma með - load with (v) | ferma |
| load; pile (v) | hlaða |
| loathesome; fearsome; powerful (tremendously or overwhelmingly) | ámáttugr |
| loathsome, terrible | ámáttr |
| lock of hair (m) | leppr |
| lock, shut up (v) | læsa |
| locking bed-closet (f) | lokhvila |
| locking bed-closet (f) | lok-rekkja |
| lodge, sleep; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| lodge; pass the night (v) | gista (t) |
| lodging (night-lodgings) (f) | gisting |
| lodging for the night (n) | nátt-staðr |
| lodging for the winter (f) | vetr-vist |
| lodgings, quarters (n) | herbergi |
| Lofar (personal name) | Lofarr |
| lofty, high, tall; loud (adj) | hár |
| log (f) | lág |
| log, beam; tree; wood (n) | tré |
| log, plank, piece of wood; wooden beam; base of an anvil (m) | stokkr |
| Loki, the trickster god (m) | Loki |
| long (of distance and time) (adj) | langr |
| long ago, of yore; early, in the early morning (n) | ár |
| long fires (down the middle of the hall) (m pl) | langeldar |
| long time, constantly (adv) | löngum |
| long, far-off, constantly (adv) | löngu |
| long, hanging, overhanging (adj) | síðr |
| long; far; a long time; for a long time; lengr - longer; lengst - longest; sem lengst - as long (or far) as he could (adv) | lengi |
| long-chinned (adj) | haklangr |
| longer (distance); farther (adv) | lengra |
| longer (time), for a longer time (adv) | lengr |
| longest, for the longest time (adv) | lengst |
| long-lived (adj) | langlífr |
| long-necked (nickname) (m) | langháls |
| Loni (personal name), Sea-pool | Lóni |
| look for, expect, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| look, gaze (f) | sjón |
| look, glance; ilt til-lit - look expressing dislike (n) | til-lit |
| look, spy | skoða (að) |
| look; see, gaze; know of; perceive, understand; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) | sjá |
| look; see; seem; regard; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) | líta |
| looking out, spying, scouting; news (f) | njósn |
| looks, appearance; color(ing); complexion (m) | litr |
| loop or button-hole (f) | nezla |
| loop; knot (f) | lykkja |
| loose; free; unimpeded; free of obligation; unsteady; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) | lauss |
| loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| lord (m) | herra |
| lord, leader of the host (m) | dróttinn |
| lord; king (m) | þengill |
| lords, superiors (m pl) | iwir-mænn (‡) |
| lore, history; knowledge (f and n) | frœði |
| lore, knowledge, magic (m) | fróðleikr |
| lose (v) | mistæ (t) (‡) |
| lose; perish, be lost; forget; mistake (v) | týna (d) |
| lose; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| loss of life, death (n) | fjǫrlag |
| loss of life, death (n) | líflát |
| loss of life; slaughter (n) | mann-fall |
| loss, harm, damage; death (m) | skaði |
| loss; gjalda afroð - suffer loss (n) | afroð |
| lost at sea (lit 'sea trouble') | haf víl |
| lot; fate; part; mestr hluti - most of (m) | hluti |
| Lothur (personal name) | Lóðurr |
| loud; high, tall, lofty (adj) | hár |
| loudly; aloud; hafa hátt - make an outcry (adv) | hátt |
| louse (f) | lús |
| love (physical) | munuð |
| love, affection (f) | ást |
| love, affection (f pl) | ástir |
| love, affection (f) | elska |
| love, be fond of; elskask - love one another; elskask at - grow fond of (v) | elska (að) |
| love; grant, allow; not to grudge (v) | unna |
| loving, benevolent (adj) | ástugr |
| low ground, low place (f) | lægð |
| low place, low ground (f) | lægð |
| low, small (adj) | lágr |
| lower (adj) | neðar |
| lower (adj) | neðri |
| lower; (impers.) sink (v) | lægja (ð) |
| loyal (adj) | hollr |
| loyal, faithful (adj) | trō-lekær (‡) |
| loyalty, allegiance, favor; grace (f) | hylli |
| luck (f) | hamingja |
| luck (good luck); good omen (n and f) | heill |
| luck; advancement, benefit, profit; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) | frami |
| luck; bera gæfu til við - have good fortune in dealings with one (f) | gæfa |
| luckless; vereðr slys-gjarnt - one has bad luck (adj) | slys-gjarnt |
| lucklessness (n) | gæfuleysi |
| lucky man (m) | gæfumaðr |
| lucky man (m) | giptumaðr |
| lucky; fortunate (adj) | heppinn |
| lung (m) | lunga |
| lustful, eager for men, mad after men (adj) | ver-gjǫrn, ver-gjarn |
| Lutr, a giant killed by Thor (m) | Lútr |
| lying, falsehood; falseness (f) | lausang |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m mi n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| mad after men, eager for men, lustful (adj) | ver-gjǫrn, ver-gjarn |
| mad with fear, raving, frenzied, raging; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) | ódr |
| mad, frantic (adj) | œrr |
| mad, out of one's senses (adj) | ør-viti |
| made of; out of, from; of; from inside of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) | ór |
| made, built; done; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) | gǫrr (van) |
| magic, black art, sorcery (f) | fjölkyngi |
| magic, knowledge, lore (m) | fróðleikr |
| magnanimity; generosity (f) | stórmenska |
| magnificent (adj) | viðuligr |
| magnificent, fine (adj) | reisiligr |
| magnificent, grand (adj) | stór-mannligr |
| magnificent, honorable (adj) | virðu-ligr |
| magnificent, powerful, great; mighty (adj) | ríkr |
| magnificent, proud (adj) | stolther (‡) |
| magnificent; honorable (adj) | frægiligr |
| maid, maiden, girl, virgin (f) | mær |
| maiden, maid, girl, virgin (f) | mær |
| maidenhood, virginity (m) | meydómr |
| maidservant, handmaid; bondwoman (f) | ambátt |
| mail (coat of); chain-mail shirt (f) | brynja |
| mail coat of rings (f) | hringa-brynja |
| mailcoat; cloth, stuff (n) | skrúð |
| mailed, all clad in mail, in a byrnie, armored | albryniaðr |
| mail-less, without mail, unarmored, unprotected (adj) | brynjulauss |
| maim (v) | meiða |
| maim; break; strike; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) | lemja |
| maim; injure, hurt, damage; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) | meiða (dd) |
| main hall, hall, sleeping-hall; shed (m) | skáli |
| main road, route normally followed (m) | almannavegr |
| mainland (n) | megin-land |
| make a compromise; share, hand out; distribute; mediate; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) | miðla |
| make difficulty, hinder; bind, fetter; hold back, restrain (v) | hepta |
| make empty; waste; spend; do away with, destroy; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) | eyða (dd) |
| make equal (in comparisons), cut even, equate; smooth, even out, tidy, trim; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) | jafna (að) |
| make flow, shed (v) | út-giúta |
| make flow, shed (v) | ūt-glūta (‡) |
| make great; gain fame, (mid.) acquire fame (v) | mikla (að) |
| make over, commend; hide, conceal (v) | fela |
| make peace among; reconcile; sættask at því - settle on such terms, agree; sættask - come to terms, settle, agree, be reconciled; sættask á - agree to (v) | sætta (tt) |
| make ready, prepare; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) | búa |
| make red, redden (v) | rjóða |
| make run, roll; renna augum - direct the eyes, look; atgeirinn rendi í gegnum skjǫldinn - the spear was run through the shield (v) | renna (d) |
| make run; gallop; break up (the court) (v) | hleypa |
| make silent, deprive one of speech (v) | fyr(ir)nema |
| make spring apart, split; spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout (v) | spretta |
| make tired of; become tired of; lead (v) | leiða (dd) |
| make trial of; try; test; put to the test (v) | freista (st) |
| make war; raid, harry; plunder (v) | herja (að) |
| make, build, compose; do, perform; act; finish (v) | gera (ð) |
| make, build, forge (v) | smíða (að) |
| make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| make, create; pronounce, impose, decree (v) | skepia (skóp, skapða) |
| make, perform; support, aid; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) | efla |
| make, shape, form, create; determine; applause; skera ok skapa - fix the terms (v) | skapa (að) |
| make; do, act; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) | gera |
| make; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| make; set; seat; place, put; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| malice, mischief (n) | fár |
| man (a good man); freeman; subject; servant (m) | þegn |
| man (average man); meðal á vǫxt - middle-sized man (m) | meðal-maðr |
| man (m) | karlmaðr |
| man (outstanding or exceptional man) (m) | afreksmaðr |
| man from Vík (m) | Víkrmaðr |
| man of accomplishments (m) | atgervi |
| man of accomplishments (m) | atgørvimaðr |
| man of battle, warrior (m) | orrostumaðr |
| man of moderation; just man (m) | Hófsmaðr |
| man of power, great man, prominent man, wealthy man (m) | ríkismaðr |
| man of the household (m) | heima-maðr |
| man who is pushing, contentious (m) | uppivǫzlu-maðr |
| man, hero (m) | halr |
| man, hero (m) | hǫlðr, hǫldr |
| man, human (m) | gumi |
| man, husband (m) | verr |
| man, occupy; arrange, array; equip; provide; set, place; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| man, warrior (m) | rekkr |
| man; old man; common man; churl; Þorsteinn karl - old Thorstein, old man Thorstein - (m) | karl |
| man; person; human being; husband; henchman (m) | maðr, man, maþær |
| man; warrior; boy; hero (m) | seggr |
| manage; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| management, administration; til forrað - for rulership | forrað |
| mane (f) | mön, mǫn |
| manfully (adv) | drengiliga |
| mankind, humanity, world; age; time; [poetic] man (f); human beings, men (f pl) | ǫld, öld |
| mankind; people (n) | mann-fólk |
| manly, bold; magnificent; of distinguished appearance (adj) | skǫru-ligr |
| manner, custom, kind, type; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance | háttr |
| manner, fashion; road, path; way, journey (f) | leið |
| manner, mode; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| manner, towards, meeting; þar í móti - opposing him; í móti ar fara út - against going out (n) | mót |
| manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) | lund |
| manslaughter (m) | mann-skaði |
| manslaughter; murder (n) | mann-dráp |
| manslaughters (n pl) | víga-ferli |
| many (adj) | mang (‡), mangher (‡) |
| many (adj); many a (with sing); many (with pl) | margr |
| many, multitude (n) | margmenni |
| maple (m) | mǫsurr |
| Mar (personal name), Corpse | Már |
| march; shake, tremble, quake, move, be moved (v) | bifask (ð, að) |
| mare (f) | merr |
| mare; horse (n) | hross |
| mare; stud-horse (n) | stóð-hross |
| mark (of silver unless gold is specified); forest (f) | mǫrk |
| mark of a hammer's blow (n) | hamar-spor |
| mark with the sign of the cross (v) | signa |
| mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| marked, having a white mark on the forehead | blesóttr |
| market (f) | kaupstefna |
| market town (m) | kaup-staðr |
| marriage arrangement; fá gjaf-orð - make a match (n) | gjaf-orð |
| marriage; choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress; var hon mjǫk gefin til fjár - she was married to him mainly for his money (m) | kostr |
| marriage, relationship (f) | samför |
| married | kvángaðr |
| marrow (m) | mergr |
| marrow of animals (m) | dýra-mergr |
| marry (v) | kvángask |
| marry; get, take, procure; grasp; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| marshal (m) | stallari |
| martyrdom (n) | martirium |
| marvel at, be amazed at; wonder at, be astonished (at) (v) | undrask (að) |
| marvel, wondrous thing (n) | undr |
| mask; shadow of night (f) | gríma |
| mass, feast-day | messa |
| mast (ship/sailing term) | siglutré |
| mast (ship/sailing term) (f) | sigla |
| material; state, condition; reason (n) | efni |
| matured early in life, precocious (adj) | bráðgörr |
| me (to me) | mér, mir |
| mead; óðins mjoðr- poetry, 'Odin's milk' (m) | mjöðr |
| meadow, field (m) | hagi |
| meadow, pasture land (f) | eng |
| meal, flour; Fróða mjǫl - gold (n) | mjöl, mjǫl |
| meal; food (m) | matr |
| meal-bag (m) | mjolbelgr |
| meal-bag (n) | mjǫl-beigr |
| meal-time, time; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; case; cause (n) | mál |
| mean fellow; one of little manhood (n) | litilmenni |
| mean, bode; suited for, be suitable for (v) | gegna (d) |
| mean, expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| mean, intend; think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| mean, signify (v) | tákna |
| mean, signify; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| mean-looking, ugly, ill-favored (adj) | vesal-ligr |
| meanness (m) | ó-drengskapr |
| means of existence, way (of going on); resort, refuge | vera |
| means of subsistence (f) | bjǫrg |
| means; state, condition, affairs, character; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) | hagr |
| measure (the right measure) (f) | mjǫt |
| measure (unit of value, typically of woolen cloth); Old Icelandic ell (about half a yard) | alin |
| measure of meal (n) | mjǫl-sáld |
| measure; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| Measure-tree: well-proportioned tree; tree which measures extent or limits of the world, tree which metes out fate | miǫtviðr |
| measuring twenty (stanzas) | tví-tugr |
| meat, flesh (f) | slátr |
| meddle with (v) | glettask |
| mediate; share, hand out; distribute; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) | miðla |
| medicine (m) | lægæ_dōm (‡) |
| meet (them), in exchange (adv) | móti, mōte (‡) |
| meet; deal with; join; sem landit mœttisk ok flóðit gekk efst - where the land and high tide meet (v) | mœta (tt) |
| meet; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| meeting (n) | manna-mót |
| meeting of kings (f) | konunga-stefna |
| meeting, manner, towards; þar í móti - opposing him; í móti ar fara út - against going out (n) | mót |
| meeting; direction, course; appointment; summons (f) | stefna |
| membrane (f) | hinna |
| memorial cup, toast (usually in honor of the dead) (n) | minni |
| memorial of honor (n) | hæiðrs-minni (‡) |
| memory loss (non-memory), forgetfulness, oblivion | óminni |
| men (body of men); short lay (m) | flokkr |
| men (m pl) | gotar |
| men (m pl) | virðar, verar |
| men (m pl); people (m) | lýðr |
| men of Kaldbek (m pl) | Kaldbeklingar |
| men of little power, insignificant men (m pl) | smá-menn |
| men of rank, big men (n) | stór-menni |
| men, folk, people; troop, host of warriors; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) | fólk, folk |
| men, people (m pl) | fyrðar |
| men, people; living beings or creatures; humankind (m pl) | firar |
| mental faculties, voice | óðr |
| mention, speak of; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| mention; name, call; næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) | nefna (d), næmnæ (‡) |
| merchandise, goods (m) | varnaðr |
| merchant vessel; ship (cargo ship) (m) | knörr (knarrar) |
| merchant, seaman, seafarer, sailor, trader (m) | farmaðr |
| merchant, trader (m) | kaupmaðr |
| merciful (adj) | líknsamr |
| merciful (adj) | miskunn-samr |
| merciful, generous (adj) | mildr |
| mercy, forbearance (f) | vægð |
| mercy, grace (f) | miskunn |
| merit; provocation (f) | til-gørð |
| meritoriously, worthily (adv) | hēdher-līca (‡) |
| merriment, gladness (f) | gleði |
| merry noise (m) | glaumr |
| merry with ale; in good spirits | ǫl-teitr |
| merry, cheerful (adj) | kátr |
| merry, cheerful; frolicsome (adj) | teitr |
| merry, glad, cheerful (adj) | glaðr |
| message (f) | orð-sending |
| message; mission, errand; the result of one's mission | ørendi, ørindi |
| message; word; speech; conversation; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) | orð |
| messenger (m) | sendi-buþi (‡) |
| messenger (m) | sendi-maðr |
| metal (m) | málmr, malmr |
| meters or verse forms (list of either) (n) | háttatal |
| mew; gull, seagull (m) | már, mór |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m mi n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| midday (the time before or after the midday meal) | undorn |
| midday, noon, high day, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning at noon (n) | hádegi |
| middle | miþal (‡) |
| middle evening, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 p.m. (m) | miðr-aptan |
| middle, the middle of (adj) | miðr |
| Midfjord (place name) (m) | Miðfjörðr |
| Midgard Serpent, the serpent Jörmungandr that encircles the earth (m) | Miðgarðsormr |
| Midgard, Middle-Enclosure, Middle Earth; the world of men (m) | Miðgarðr |
| midnight, also a roughly three-hour portion of the day beginning at midnight (f) | miðnótt |
| midsummer (n) | mið-sumar |
| midway between, equally near | jafn-nær |
| might, physical strength, power; strength; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) | afl |
| might, power, ability; strength; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) | megin |
| might, strength (f) | orka |
| might; ability (m) | máttr |
| might; will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; would, must (probability) (v) | munu |
| mighty (adj) | máttugr |
| mighty sage | fimbulþulr |
| mighty, powerful; strong; rammr at afli - extremely strong (adj) | rammr |
| mighty, strong (adj) | þróttigr |
| mighty; powerful, great, magnificent (adj) | ríkr |
| Miklagard, 'mighty stronghold', Constantinople (m) | Miklagarðr, Mikligarðr |
| milch cows, dairy cattle (f) | mál-nyta |
| mild: reasonable (adj) | gæfr |
| milk (v) | mjólka (að) |
| milking pen (for cows) (m) | stöðull |
| mill (f) | mylla |
| Mimir, one of the Æsir, renowned for his knowledge and wisdom (m) | Mimir |
| Mimisbrunn, the Well of Mimir (m) | Mimisbrunnr |
| mind, care, care for, hide, conceal; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) | hirða (ð) |
| mind, heart; difference; fyrir engan mun - for no consideration (m) | munr |
| mind, heed; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| mind, 'ship of the mind' (m) | mun-knǫrr |
| mind, temper; manner; mood; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) | lund |
| mind, thought, intellect | hyggiandi |
| mind; mood; thought; heart; desire; spirit; temper; courage; koma í hug - occur to one; hafa í hug - intend; heart,spirit; í hugum góðum - glad at heart; courage; hugar eigandi - courageous; desire; í hug - to one's mind; leggja allan hug á - set one's whole heart on (m) | hugr |
| mind-enclosure; muntún hugar - breast (n) | mun-tún |
| mine, my, of me (pron) | minn |
| minor rogation day (day of prayer and fasting in Western Christianity) (m) | gagn-dagr |
| minstrel, buffoon, fool (m) | lēkare (‡), lækari (‡) |
| Minthak's Shoal | Minþakseyrr |
| minutely, exactly | inniliga |
| mire, mud (f) | efja |
| mischief, malice (n) | fár |
| miser (nickname), stick-gazer (m) | stikubligr |
| miserable, pathetic, wretched; (exclamation of impatience) (adj) | vesall |
| misfortune | ógæfa |
| misfortune (n) | ó-happ |
| misfortune, contriver of mischief (m) | bölvasmiðr |
| misfortune, grief, sorrow (n) | bǫl, böl |
| misfortune, harm, destruction, bane; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n) | læ |
| misfortune, injury; penalty, punishment, liability to penalty | víti |
| miss; feel the loss of (v) | sakna |
| missile exchange (exchange of missiles) (n) | vápna-skipti |
| missile shower (shower of missiles) (m) | vápn-burðr |
| missiles; shooting, shot (n) | skot |
| mission, errand (f) | sendi-ferð |
| mission, errand, result of errand (n) | erendi |
| mission, errand; message; the result of one's mission | ørendi, ørindi |
| mist from the south (f) | sunnan-þoka |
| mistake; perish, be lost; lose; forget (v) | týna (d) |
| mistress, concubine (f) | frilla |
| mistress, lady (f) | frú |
| mix, blend (v) | blanda (blett, -að) |
| Mjollnir, hammer of Thor (m) | Mjöllnir |
| Mjothvitnir, Mead-wolf | Miǫðvitnir |
| moan, groan (m) | stynr |
| moan, groan (v) | stynja, stundi |
| moaning | sytnr |
| mode, manner; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| Mœrr, region in West Norway (f) | Mœrr |
| mold, dirt, earth (as substance); soil (f) | mold |
| moment (f) | svipstund |
| moment (of time) (n) | bil |
| monarch, sole ruler, sovereign (m) | einvaldi |
| money (ounce of silver or gold); eighth part of a mǫrk; (from Latin aureum, aura) (m) | eyrir |
| money, coin; penny; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; 1/10 eyrir; piece of property, article; penningar miklir - a good sum of money (m) | penningr |
| money; cattle; sheep; wealth, possessions; var hon mjǫk gefin til fjár - she was married to him mainly for his money (n) | fé |
| money; shilling, i.e., piece of money (m pl) | skillingr |
| money; valuables (m pl) | fémunir |
| monk (Irish monk), pope, priest; Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived (m) | papi |
| monk (m) | munkr |
| monster (m) | hveðrungr |
| monster (m) | óvættr |
| monster (n) | forað |
| monstrous kindred (m pl) | fífl-megir |
| monstrous winter (m) | fimbul-vetr |
| month (m) | mánaðr, mánuðr |
| mood, disposition (n) | skap-lyndi |
| mood, state, condition, temper; character; hafa skap til - be disposed to; honum var þetta mjǫk móti skapi - he took this greatly to heart; lítill í skapi - mean-sirited; vera í skapi - be on one's mind; be one's desire; gøra til skaps - do a thing to please one (n) | skap |
| mood; manner; mind, temper; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) | lund |
| moon (m) | máni |
| moon (n) | tungl |
| moon (waning moon) | nið |
| moonlight (n) | tungl-skin |
| moor, bog, swamp; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) | myrr, mýrr |
| moor, heath (on high ground) (f) | heiðr |
| moorland, moss (m) | mosi |
| more broadly (adv) | breiðara |
| more eastern | eystri |
| more fully (adv) | gørr |
| more greatly, more (adv) | meir(r) |
| more keenly (adv) | hvassara |
| more likely; probable; vænstr - most likely | venna |
| more wisely (adj) | spakara |
| more, bigger (adj) | meiri |
| more, further (adv) | fremr |
| more, more greatly (adv) | meir(r) |
| more; better (adv) | betr |
| more; further, other | fleiri |
| moreover; still; also; yet; further; again; even (adv) | enn |
| morning; following day; á morginn - tomorrow (m) | morgin(n), morgun(n) |
| mortal wound, fatal wound, death (n) | banasár |
| Morth (personal name) | Mǫrðr |
| mortify (v) | pína |
| moss, moorland (m) | mosi |
| most (adj) | flestr |
| most willingly; most of all; exceedingly (adv) | helzt |
| most, greatest (adj) | mestr |
| mostly (adv) | mest |
| mother (f) | móðir |
| mother’s side (of descent) (f) | mødherne (‡) |
| Motsognir, "battle roarer", father of the Dwarfs who resides in Nidavellir | Mótsognir |
| mount; leap, spring; run; climb; fall down on; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) | hlaupa |
| mountain top | fjalltindr |
| mountain, fell (n) | fjall |
| mountain, fell (n) | fjall |
| mountain, hill (n) | fell |
| mountain; rock, stone, boulder; cliff; crag (n) | bjarg |
| mountainous | fjǫllóttr |
| mountain-side, hill-side; side; slope (f) | hlið |
| mounted with a double ring | tví-hólkaðr |
| mouse (f) | mús |
| mouth (m) | muðr |
| mouth (m) | munnr |
| mouth (of an animal) (n) | gin |
| mouth of a river (m) | ár-óss |
| mouthful, draft (m) | sopi |
| movable property, as opposed to lands or even to land and cattle (n) | lausafé |
| move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) | bregða |
| move slowly, glide; sink gently down; yield (v) | síga |
| move to and fro; play, sport; be current; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) | leika |
| move, affect; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| move, bring; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| move, go, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) | fara |
| move, go; pass (usually of time), progress; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) | líða |
| move, shake, tremble, quake, be moved; march (v) | bifask (ð, að) |
| move, stir (v) | bragða (að) |
| move, stir (v) | hreyfa |
| move, stir (v) | hrœra (ð) |
| move, turn; víkjask við - respond; take action; þat víksk eigi - that is certain; nú víkr sögunni - now the saga shifts (v) | víkja |
| movement; hafa alt eitt atrið - do two things in one swift movement, all at once (n) | atrið |
| movement; journey, journeying; expedition; í fǫr - in company with; eiga skip í fǫrum - own a trading ship (f) | för, fǫr |
| much (adv) | miklu |
| much; very (adv) | mjök, mjǫk |
| mud (m) | aurr |
| mud (white mud) (?) | hvíta-aurr |
| mud, filth (m) | saurr |
| mud, mire (f) | efja |
| mud-flat (f) | leira |
| mud-spattered (adj) | leir-stokkinn |
| multiply (v) | fjǫlgask (að) |
| multiply, cause increase (v) | œxla |
| multitude, abundance (m) | fjǫlði |
| multitude, host (n) | mengi |
| multitude, many (n) | margmenni |
| multitude, plenty of; great number, store (f) | fjölð |
| Munarvag (personal name) | Munarvágr |
| murder (n) | mórðvíg |
| murder, killing (n) | dráp |
| murder; manslaughter (n) | mann-dráp |
| muscle (m) | vöðvi |
| Muspellsheim, the Land of Fire (m) | Múspellsheimr |
| must (probability), would; will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; might (v) | munu |
| must, owe, be obligated, have to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) | eiga |
| must, shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); should; ought (v) | skulu |
| mutilation, injury (n) | meizl |
| my, mine, of me (pron) | minn |
| mysteries, charms (f pl); rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing (f) | rún |
| mystery, sacrament; notable thing; great wonders (n pl) | stórmerki |
| mystery, secret; rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret wisdom, secret writing (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) | rún |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| nail (m) | nagl |
| naked or unprotected, exposed equally (adj) | jafn-berr |
| naked, bare; unsheathed (of a sword) (adj) | berr |
| naked, ill-clad; setja nøkðan - erase (adj) | nøkkviðr, nøktan |
| Nali (personal name) | Náli |
| name (n) | nafn |
| name (n) | namn (‡) |
| name of a sword (m) | Refill |
| name, call, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named; pray to (v) | heita |
| name, call; mention; næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) | nefna (d), næmnæ (‡) |
| name; say, declare; call, cry out (v) | kalla |
| narration; information | frásǫgn |
| nasal of a helmet, nose-piece (of armor) (f) | nef-bjorg |
| nasty, dirty (adj) | óþokku-ligr |
| nation, people; race (f) | þjóð |
| native (m) | in-lændær (‡) |
| native or inhabitant of a country, countryman (m) | lands-maðr |
| natural (adj) | nātūr-līker (‡) |
| natural ability; nature, characteristic quality, property (f); spirits (f pl) | náttúra |
| nature, characteristic quality, property; natural ability (f); spirits (f pl) | náttúra |
| nature, characteristic(s) | eðli |
| nature; manner; mind, temper; mood; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) | lund |
| naval forces; ship | leiðangr |
| nay | heldr |
| near to, just off; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; (thrown) down (adv) | undan |
| near, by (prep) | hōs (‡) |
| near, by; with; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) | hjá |
| near, close; mun nálægt verða - it will be a near thing (adj) | ná-lægr |
| near, nearer, nearly, close to, close by, closely; when; næst - nearer, next; því næst - thereupon, next; þessu næst - after this; þat er nú þessu næst at - the next event to be told is that (adv) | nær |
| near; nearly related (adj) | naínn |
| nearby (adv) | í nánd |
| nearby; nearly, almost (adv) | ná-liga |
| nearly related | ná-skyldr |
| nearly related; near (adj) | naínn |
| nearly, almost; nearby (adv) | ná-liga |
| nearly; því var næsta - very nearly so (adv) | næsta |
| neatly, adeptly, skillfully (adv) | hagliga |
| necessary (be necessary); heavy; difficult; þungt ganga - go badly; er þungt í skapi - one is heavy-hearted (adj) | þungr |
| necessary; useful (adj) | þarfr |
| necessity, need (f) | nauð-syn |
| neck (m) | háls |
| necklace, treasure, jewel (n); jewels, treasures (n pl) | men |
| need, difficulty, distress; harm; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) | nauð(r) |
| need, lack | þǫrf |
| need, necessity (f) | nauð-syn |
| need; (impers.) be necessary; have need of; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is neceessary (v) | þurfa, thorfua (‡) |
| needle (f) | nál |
| needy (in need) (adj) | þurftugr |
| needy, wretched; poor (adj) | válaðr |
| negative prefix | ú- |
| neglect | afrœkjask (kt) |
| neglect, fail to heed (v) | órœkja (kt) |
| neigh (v) | hneggja |
| neigh(ing) (n) | gnegg=hnegg |
| neigh; hrina við - neigh to a horse (v) | hrína |
| neighbor (m) | nábúi |
| neighbor; dweller, inhabitant (m) | búi |
| neither (of two) (adj pron); hvárki…né - neither…nor (conj) | hvárgi |
| ness, headland (n) | nes |
| never | aldregi |
| never | aldri |
| never; not at all | æva |
| nevertheless (adv) | en þó |
| nevertheless, however; yet, and yet; þo at, þótt - though, even if (adv) | þó |
| new (f) | nyr, nýr |
| new moon (n) | ný |
| newly arrived (adj) | ný-kominn |
| newly driven (adj) | ný-rekinn |
| news (f) | frétt |
| news, information (f) | fregn |
| news, tidings; events; verða tíðendi, vera (or bera) til tíðinda - come to pass, happen (n pl) | tíðendi, tíðindi |
| news; spying, scouting, looking out (f) | njósn |
| news; strange thing (f) | ný-lunda |
| next; it næsta sumar áðr - the summer before; it næsta sumar eptir - the following summer (adj) | næstr |
| nickname (n) | kenningarnafn |
| Nidhogg, (Malice Striker), the dragon/serpent the serpent which dwells in the spring Hvergelmir and gnaws at a root of the world tree, Yggdrasill (m) | Niðhöggr, Níðhǫggr |
| Niflheim, the Underworld (m) | Niflheimr |
| Niflhel, Dark Hel, place for some dead (f) | Niflhel |
| night (last part of the night before dawn); dawn (f) | elding |
| night, the nighttime part of the day | nátt |
| night; í nótt - tonight (f) | nótt |
| nightfall, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 9 p.m. | nátt-mál |
| nighttime, last part of the night before dawn, about 3 a.m. (f) | ótta |
| nine (num) | nío |
| nine (num); níundi - ninth (ord num) | níu |
| nineteen (num); nitjándi - nineteenth (ord num) | nitján |
| Nithi (personal name), Waned-moon | Niði |
| Njord, god of the sea, one of the Vanir (m) | Njörðr |
| no (adv) | nei |
| no man; no one, nobody (pron) | manngi |
| no one, no, none; at engu því - with no such things (pron) | engi |
| no one, nobody; no man (pron) | manngi |
| no one; not a whit, nothing | vætki |
| no, none, no one; at engu því - with no such things (pron) | engi |
| no, none; in negative sentence - any (adj) | neinn |
| Noah (personal name) | Nói |
| nobility, courage (m) | drengskapr |
| noble, distingished, worshipful (adj) | göfugr |
| noble, famous, glorious (adj) | mærr |
| noblest, highest (adj) | œztr |
| nobody, no one; no man (pron) | manngi |
| noise (thunderous noise) (f) | duna |
| noise bearing, gestures, manner; voice; (n pl) | læti |
| noisy, self-assertive (adj) | hávaðamikill |
| none, no, no one; at engu því - with no such things (pron) | engi |
| none, no; in negative sentence - any (adj) | neinn |
| nonetheless | eigi at síðr |
| noon, midday, high day, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning at noon (n) | hádegi |
| noose; [poetic] giantess (f) | mella |
| nor; not; hvárki…né - neither…nor; né…né - not…nor (conj) | né |
| Nori (personal name) | Nóri |
| Norn, one of the three Norns; weird, (dire) fate; undoing, ruin (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) | urðr |
| Norse tongue (f) | Norrœna |
| North | Norðri |
| north (the north) (f) | norðr-ætt |
| north way; Norway | Norvegr |
| north-east wind (m) | land-nyrðingr |
| northern, from the north | norþæn |
| northern; í norðan-verðum dalnum - in the northern part of the valley (adj) | norðan-verðr |
| Northumbria (place name) | Norðymbraland |
| northwards (adv) | norðr |
| Norway; north way | Norvegr |
| Norwegian | Norðmaðr |
| north-east | land-norðr |
| north-west | út-norðr |
| nose (n) | nef |
| nose (n) | nef |
| nose-piece (of armor), helmet nasal (f) | nef-bjorg |
| nostril (f) | nǫs |
| not | a |
| not | at |
| not | ki |
| not (adv) | eigi |
| not (adv) | ey=eigi |
| not a whit, nothing; no one | vætki |
| not at all (adv); nothing (n) | vætr |
| not at all; never | æva |
| not at all; nowhere; nowhere on (adv) | hvergi |
| not drunk (adj) | ó-drukkinn |
| not far (place), short distance or time (adv) | skammt, skamt |
| not knowing; hänom óvitande - without his knowledge | óvitande |
| not meddlesome; reserved (adj) | fáskiptinn |
| not, by no means (adv) | ekki |
| not; nor; hvárki…né - neither…nor; né…né - not…nor (conj) | né |
| notable thing; mystery, sacrament; great wonders (n pl) | stórmerki |
| nothing (n pron) | ekki |
| nothing (n); not at all (adv) | vætr |
| nothing, not a whit; no one | vætki |
| notice, find, discover; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| notice, perceive; know, recognize; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) | þekkja (ð) |
| now (adv) | nú |
| nowhere on; nowhere; not at all (adv) | hvergi |
| nowhere; not at all; nowhere on (adv) | hvergi |
| number (a small number); few; little; cold, reserved; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) | fár |
| number, enumerate; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; (v) | telja (talða) |
| numerous, crowded, in a large group; with many people, well-attended (adj) | fjǫlmennr, fjölmennr |
| nurse; give birth to; feed; rear, bring up; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) | fœða (dd) |
| nuthatch (f) | igða |
| Nyi (personal name), New-moon | Nýi |
| Nyrath (personal name), New-counsel | Nýráðr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o op p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| oak; tree; ship (f) | eik |
| oar handle (ship/sailing term) | hlunnr, hlummr |
| oar-hole | habora |
| oarsman (m); crew (m pl) | háseti |
| oar-thong; láta síga á hǫmlu - back oars, back out of the line of battle (f) (ship/sailing term) | hamla |
| oath (m) | eiðr |
| oath (m) | svardagi |
| oaths (n pl) | sœri |
| obedience; assistance (f) | hlýðni |
| object (made object); dverga smiði - sword; í smiði - under construction (n) | smíði |
| obligation; habit, custom; leggja í vanða sin - make a habit of (m) | vandi |
| oblivion, forgetfulness, non-memory | óminni |
| observe; think, believe; give heed to; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| obstinacy; persistence (n) | þrá |
| obtain, as, for; in; of, concerning; on; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| obtain, beget, persuade, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could (v) | geta |
| obtain, get, reach, catch, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) | ná (ð) |
| obtain; come, arrive; reach; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn (v) | koma |
| obvious; er nú sét - it is now obvious | sét |
| occasion, time (of repetition); at sinni - for the present; eigi optar at sinni - not more than once; eitt sinn - one time; einu sinni - once, for once; hvert sinn - every (n) | sinn(i) |
| occasion; time; um tíma - for any time (m) | tími, t(h)īme (‡) |
| occupation, work (f) | iðn |
| occupy, inhabit; settle (v) | byggva |
| occupy, man; equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| occurrence, event; af þessum atburði - because of this incident (m) | atburðr |
| ocean-going ship (n) | hafskip |
| Od, the name of Freyja's husband or lover | Óðr |
| Odin (personal name) | Viðrir |
| Odin, Othin, chief god of the Æsir (m) | Óðinn |
| of great value; fine, worthy, great; valued at (adj) | gildr |
| of me, my, mine (pron) | minn |
| of us two, our (adj) | okkarr |
| of us, our; mál várt Egils - the case between Egil and me (adj) | várr |
| of you two, your (adj) | ykkarr |
| of you, thy, thine; your (pron) | þinn |
| of you, your (pl pron) | yð(v)arr |
| of, concerning; in; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until(prep) | til |
| of; out of, from; from inside of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) | ór |
| offended, angry (adj) | reiðr |
| offense; annoyance (f) | mótgørð |
| offense; gera til miska - offend, harm (m) | miski |
| offer, give; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| offer; choice, alternative; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress (m) | kostr |
| offer; invite, order, command; bid; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| offerings or compensation, payment due, tribute; feast; guild; recompense, return (n) | gildi |
| officer of high rank; cup-bearer; trencherman (m) | skutil-sveinn |
| often (adv) | opta (‡) |
| often (adv) | tiðum |
| often, frequently; as often as possible, always; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) | opt |
| ogre, giant (m) | þurs |
| ogress, giantess (n) | flagð |
| Olaf (personal name); Ólafr pái - Olaf the Peacock (nickname) | Óláfr |
| old (adj) | gamall |
| old man; man; common man; churl; Þorsteinn karl - old Thorstein, old man Thorstein - (m) | karl |
| old, aged (adj) | aldinn |
| old, ancient (adj) | forn |
| old-age (m) | aldør-döm (‡) |
| older, elder (adj) | ellri |
| oldest, eldest (adj) | el(l)ztr (also ellstr) |
| on one's back; open (adj) | opinn |
| on the contrary [after neg]; rather; at heldr - all the more; heldr en - rather than, more than (adv) | heldr |
| on the other side of (prep) | handan |
| on the uppermost part, at the top of; from above, down; downwards; above the surface of (adv) | ofan |
| on, down to, over, above; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) | ofan |
| on, forward; away; out; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) | fram |
| on, onto; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| one (num) | einn |
| one (of two); another, other; second, next (adj pron) | annarr |
| one is maliciously inclined | mein-gefit |
| one or another; either | annarr hvárr |
| one who endure insult (m) | ertinga-maðr |
| one who goes in the fens; fens traveler (m) | fen-stigi |
| one who incites; hvati hjǫrleiks - bold warrior (m) | hvati |
| one who pays tribute (m) | skat-gildær (‡) |
| one who tests; munka reynir - God (m) | reynir |
| one who walks after death, zombie, undead (m) | aptrgǫngu-maðr |
| one year (winter) old | vetr-gamall |
| one-armed, handless, bereft of a hand, lacking a hand | handarvanr |
| one-footed, uniped (m) | Ein-fœtingr |
| one-handed | einhendr |
| one's own, own (v) | sínn |
| only (adj) | einga |
| onset; time, while; storm; attack, battle; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) | hríð |
| onto, into (motion); in, within; at (position); during (time); among; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) | í |
| onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| Onundarson (personal name) | Ǫnundarsonr |
| onwards (adv); onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep) | á |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o op p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| open (cut open) (v) | opna (að) |
| open (ppart.); sink; fall gently; hniginn í aldr - elderly, advanced in years (v) | hníga |
| open space in a forest, clearing (n) | rjóðr |
| open; on one's back (adj) | opinn |
| open-handed, liberal; swift, bold, keen (adj) | ǫrr (van) |
| open-handedness; generosity (m) | þegnskapr |
| opening for the head (in a garment) (f) | hǫfuð-smátt |
| opening, break, breaking (n) | rof |
| opinion, estimate (f) | ætlun |
| opportunity (n) | fœri |
| opportunity; choice, alternative; offer; chance; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress (m) | kostr |
| opposite (prep) | gagnvart |
| opposite (prep) | gegnt |
| oppress, subdue (v) | thwingæ (‡) |
| optical illusion (caused by a spell) (f) | sjónhverfing |
| or, or else; else (adv and conj) | ella |
| or; and; (introducing a question) but (conj) | eða |
| order, invite, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| order, kind (f) | slækt (‡) |
| order, lay, disposition; stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| origin (m) | uppruni |
| origin, extraction (n) | ædle (‡) |
| origin, kin, kindred, kind (n) | kyn |
| Orkney Islands (place name) (f pl) | Orkneyjar |
| Orm (personal name); Ormr inn auðgi - Orm the Wealthy (m) | Ormr |
| ornament, costly thing (n) | hnoss |
| other, further; more | fleiri |
| otherwise (adv) | elligar |
| otter (m) | otr |
| otter pelt or skin (m) | otrbelgr |
| Otter's ransom, ransom or compensation for a dead otter, wergeld (n pl) | otrgjöld |
| ought; must, shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); should (v) | skulu |
| ounce of silver or gold; eighth part of a mǫrk; (from Latin aureum, aura) (m) | eyrir |
| our | órr |
| our, of us two (adj) | okkarr |
| our, of us; mál várt Egils - the case between Egil and me (adj) | várr |
| out at sea; outside; unsheltered (adv) | úti |
| out from; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) | undan |
| out of one's senses, mad (adj) | ør-viti |
| out of, from; of; from inside of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) | ór |
| out of, from; with; concerning; because of (prep) | af |
| out; forward, on; away; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) | fram |
| out; from abroad; fara út í lǫnd - go abroad (from Norway) (adv) | út |
| outer door (f pl) | úti-dyrr |
| outer, outermost (adj) | ýtri |
| outermost (adj) | ýztr |
| outermost, outer (adj) | ýtri |
| outfit (m) | um-búningr |
| outhouse; shed (n) | úti-búr |
| outlaw (full outlaw); full; in full swing; fullr af - filled with; fullu - in full; til fullra laga - the the full extent of the law (adj) | fullr |
| outlaw (m) | skógar-maðr |
| outlaw (m) | út-lagi |
| outlawed (adj) | útlægr |
| outlawed, condemned to outlawry; guilty; convicted; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) | sekr |
| outlawry; penalty (f) | sekt |
| outside (of); externally; beyond; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) | útan |
| outside; out at sea; unsheltered (adv) | úti |
| outstanding example; afbragð þeira manna allra - the most outanding of all those men (n) | afbragð |
| outstanding or exceptional man (m) | afreksmaðr |
| outward, from within (adv) | innan |
| oven (m) | ofn |
| over, above, at; across, upon (prep) | yfir |
| over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| over, down to, above, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) | ofan |
| over; for; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| overbearing; ambitious (adj) | stjórnsamr |
| overbearing; tyranny (n) | of-ríki |
| overcome, conquer; win, gain; work; perform, do, accomplish; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| overcome; gain the victory; win (v) | sigra |
| overhanging, hanging, long (adj) | síðr |
| overly, sufficiently, very; enough (adv) | œrit |
| overseer, leader (m) | forstjóri |
| overtake, catch; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| overtake, get, obtain, reach, catch; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) | ná (ð) |
| owe, must, be obligated, have to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) | eiga |
| own (adj) | egiæn |
| own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) | eiga |
| own, one's own (v) | sínn |
| own; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| ox (m) | uxi |
| oxen (m pl) | yxen, yxæ (‡) |
| oxen, cattle (n) | naut |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p pr q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| pace; step (as measure), foot (n) | fet |
| pacer (name for a horse), strider, stepper (n) | feti |
| pack (for a horse) (f) | klyf |
| pack; cram; tread; walk, go; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) | troða |
| pail, bucket (f) | bytta |
| pain, injury, harm, hurt; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) | mein |
| painful, sore; bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated (adj) | beiskr |
| painful, sore; wounded (adj) | sárr |
| paint (v) | steina |
| pale (adj) | fǫlr |
| pale, colorless (adj) | litlauss |
| palm of the hand; holr lófi - open palm (m) | lófi |
| parcel of land, stead; place, spot; abode, dwelling; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| parley, talk, conversation; consultation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) | tal |
| parrel (a sliding ring or collar that confines the yard and sail to the mast but allows vertical movement) (ship/sailing term) | rakki |
| part (m) | dēl (‡) |
| part with (v) | lóga |
| part, piece, thing; portion; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) | hlutr |
| part; fate; lot; mestr hluti - most of (m) | hluti |
| part; place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| particular, detail; branch, division | grein |
| parting (m) | skilnaðr |
| partition, wall (m) | bálkr |
| partner, friend, comrade, companion, fellow (m) | félagi |
| party, followers; help, support; guidance; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) | fylgð |
| pass (usually of time), progress; move, go; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) | líða |
| pass away, die, (v) | deyja |
| pass the night; lodge (v) | gista (t) |
| pass through; wade; wade through (water); rush (at an opponent); vaða fram - charge onward (v) | vaða |
| passage abroad (f) | útan-ferð |
| passage of a ship, voyage, sailing (f) | skipför |
| passenger on a voyage (m) | farþegi |
| passing storm, shower; hailstorm (n) | él |
| past, through, throughout; over, across; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| pasturage, grazing (f) | beiting |
| pasture land, meadow (f) | eng |
| pasture; grass; herb; vegetation; plant (n) | gras |
| path, road; way, journey; manner, fashion (f) | leið |
| path, way (m) | stígr |
| path, way, road (f) | gata |
| pathetic, wretched, miserable; (exclamation of impatience) (adj) | vesall |
| patient (adj) | tholugher (‡) |
| patrimony (f) | ætt-leifð |
| patron (diety) (m) | full-trúi |
| patron, leader; friend (m) | vinr |
| patronage, help (n) | um-ráð |
| paunch-fat | ístra |
| pause, rest | hvílð |
| pavement (in front of homestead) (n) | hlað |
| pavilion; tent, canopy; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) | tjald |
| pay for; buy; make a bargain; dýrt kaupa - pay dearly for; kaupa at - pay, hire (v) | kaupa |
| pay reverence to; bend down, bow; lúta í - bend to; lúta ór horni - raise the head from the horn; lúta til - show deference to (v) | lúta |
| pay, yield; give, grant; help; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) | veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡) |
| pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) | gjalda |
| pay; relate; tell; accomplish; repay; inna til - make mention of (v) | inna |
| payment (forced payment) (n) | nauðgjald |
| payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation; feast; guild; recompense, return (n) | gildi |
| payment for building (n) | smiðar-kaup |
| payment, tribute; heavy penalty or toll | afráð |
| payment; charge (f) | ūt-gift (‡) |
| payment; tribute; reward; tax; compensation; wergild (n) | gjald |
| peace (f) | nāthæ (‡) |
| peace (in peace); with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| peace (m) | friðr |
| peace, protection (n pl) | grið |
| peace, quiet, grace (f pl) | nādhir (‡) |
| peace; wisdom (f) | spekð |
| peacock (nickname) (m) | pái (also pá) |
| peak of a crag (f) | hamargnipa |
| pebbles, gravel; haukstrandar mǫl - gold rings | mǫl, möl |
| pedestal; stall; perch (for hawks) (m) | stallr |
| peer, search, investigate (v) | nýsa (t) |
| peer, spy (v) | skyggna (d) |
| pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag, bellows, bag (m) | belgr |
| pen, fold; gate of bars (f) | grind |
| penalty (heavy penalty or toll); payment, tribute | afráð |
| penalty, punishment, liability to penalty; injury, misfortune | víti |
| penalty; outlawry (f) | sekt |
| penniless (adj) | félauss |
| penny | penning |
| penny; coin, money; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; 1/10 eyrir; piece of property, article; penningar miklir - a good sum of money (m) | penningr |
| people (all the people), the majority of the people, the public, the common people (f) | alþyða |
| people (m); men (m pl) | lýðr |
| people (pl) | liónar |
| people, commons (m) | al-mög(h)e (‡) |
| people, folk, men; troop, host of warriors; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) | fólk, folk |
| people, men (m pl) | fyrðar |
| people, men; living beings or creatures; humankind (m pl) | firar |
| people, nation; race (f) | þjóð |
| people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| people; mankind (n) | mann-fólk |
| perceive (v) | skilja |
| perceive, notice; know, recognize; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) | þekkja (ð) |
| perceive, understand; see, gaze; know of; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) | sjá |
| perch (for hawks); stall; pedestal (m) | stallr |
| perfect, fulfill (v) | ful-kompna (‡) |
| perform, do (v) | iðja |
| perform, do, accomplish; win, gain; work; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| perform, do; act; make, build, compose; finish (v) | gera (ð) |
| perform, fulfill (v) | efna |
| perform, make; support, aid; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) | efla |
| perform, work, do (v) | orka |
| peril (m) | wāþi (‡) |
| peril; dangerous situation (f) | ó-fœra |
| period of time, season; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| period of time; time; hour; a while, a time; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) | stund |
| perish, be lost (v) | for-faras (‡) |
| perish, be lost; lose; forget; mistake (v) | týna (d) |
| permission (n) | orlof |
| permission, leave (n) | leyfi |
| permission; er heimult - one who has a right; var þat heimult gǫrt - permission was granted | heimull |
| permit, allow; praise (f) | lofa (að) |
| permit, allow; praise (v) | leyfa |
| permit, let, allow; put, place, set; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| persistence; obstinacy (n) | þrá |
| person (n) | þiauþ (‡) |
| person; head (n) | höfuð, hǫfuð |
| person; man; human being; husband; henchman (m) | maðr, man, maþær |
| persuade, obtain, beget, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| pertain to; belong to | til-høra (dh) (‡), til-hoyra (‡) |
| petty suits (f pl) | smá-sakir |
| phantom, horror (n) | skrípi |
| phrase, expression (n) | orð-tœki |
| physical strength, might, power; strength; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) | afl |
| physician (m) | læknir |
| pick up, snatch; pull, jerk; rend (v) | kippa (ð, t) |
| pick up, take hold of, grasp; take, capture, catch, seize; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| piece of wood, log, plank; wooden beam; base of an anvil (m) | stokkr |
| piece, bit, morsel (m) | toddi |
| piece, part, thing; portion; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) | hlutr |
| piece; bits, fragments (m) | moli |
| pier; gangway; landing-stage; bridge (f) | bryggja |
| pierce; creep through an opening (v) | smjúga |
| pierce; cut, shear; cut through; cut open; make incisions, carve; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) | skera |
| piglet | griss |
| pike, spear (for throwing), dart, shaft; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) | fleinn |
| pile of wood; wood-pile (m) | viðar-kǫstr |
| pile, load (v) | hlaða |
| pillar, post; beam; tree (the ash Yggdrasil) | þollr |
| pillars; posts (High seat posts) | öndvegissúlur |
| pillow, cushion (n) | hœgindi |
| pin (m) | dálkr |
| pinch (v) | klýpa (ð) |
| pinched, scorched, chafing (adj) | skarpr |
| piracy, shore raid; høgva strandhögg - engage in piracy (n) | strandhögg |
| pirate, Viking (m) | vikingr |
| pit (for catching bears) (m) | bjarn-báss |
| pit, hole, ditch (f) | grǫf, gróf |
| pitch a tent, set up (booth or tent) (v) | tjalda |
| pithless, feeblehearted, 'without strength'; weak (adj) | þrótt-lauss |
| pithless, timid, gutless, 'without fortitude' (adj) | þrek-lauss |
| place the feet; kick; spyrna í iljar - touch one another with the soles of the feet (two men lying on their backs) (v) | spyrna (d) |
| place where court is held (m) | dómstaðr |
| place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| place, put, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| place, put; set; seat; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| place, set; equip; provide; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| placed | lagit, lagt |
| placed, present; situated; staying; staddr við - present | staddr |
| plagiarizer | illskaelda |
| plague, disease; injury, pain, harm, hurt; koma at meini - do harm to (n) | mein |
| plain, field; ground, level ground; vǫllr brimils - the sea, 'the seal's ground' (m) | vǫllr, völlr |
| plank, hull, board, strake; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) | borð |
| plank, log, piece of wood; wooden beam; base of an anvil (m) | stokkr |
| plant (general); leek | laukr |
| plant; grass; herb; pasture; vegetation (n) | gras |
| platform (m) | hjallr |
| play at 'tables', play board games (v) | tefla (lð) |
| play board games, play at 'tables' (v) | tefla (lð) |
| play, game, sport, contest; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) | leikr |
| play, sport; move to and fro; be current; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) | leika |
| playing the harp (m) | harp-sláttr |
| pleading (m) | flutningr |
| pleading of lawsuits (m) | mála-flutningr |
| pleasant, happy; gracious (adj) | bliðr |
| please, be pleasing; láta sér líka - allow oneself to be satisfied (v) | líka (að) |
| pleasure, delight; entertainment; þykkja gaman at - take pleasure in (n) | gaman |
| pledge (n) | veð |
| pledge; dress; bind, tie, fasten; bind up (a wound); binda í - bind to, bind on (v) | binda |
| plenty (of); enough; gnógt - plenty | gnógr |
| plenty of, multitude; great number, store (f) | fjölð |
| plenty, abundance (f) | gnótt |
| plough, scratch; scrape (v) | erja |
| plunder, rob, deprive of (v) | ræna, ráena |
| plunder; raid, harry; make war (v) | herja (að) |
| plundering, raid (m) | hernaðr |
| poem (n) | kvæði |
| poem of praise; encomium (n) | lof-kvæði |
| poet, skald (n) | skáld, skald |
| poetic diction (n pl) | skáld-skaprmál |
| poetical periphrasis or metaphor (f) | kenning |
| poetry (m) | bragþáttr |
| poetry, poetic art (m) | skáld-skapr |
| point (m) | oddr |
| point (m) | stikill |
| point of the spear, spike (m) | broddr |
| poison (n) | eitr |
| poisonous serpent (m) | eitr-ormr |
| pole (f) | trjóna |
| pole (wooden pole or beam for drying the washing) (m) | vað-áss |
| pole, staff, standard-pole (f) | stǫng, stöng |
| pole, stem of wood; troða marglóðar - lady | troða |
| pole, timber; wooden staff, stick; crozier (m) | stafr |
| pole, tree-trunk | meiðr |
| pole-ladder; stake (m) | kraki |
| pool, hole (m) | hylr |
| poop-deck; stern (high decked part of stern) (f) (ship/sailing term) | lypting |
| poor (adj) | félítill |
| poor, unfortunate, unhappy; vile, wretched, wicked (adj) | armr |
| poor, wretched (adj) | fátœkr |
| poor; wretched, needy (adj) | válaðr |
| pope (m) | pāue (‡) |
| pope, monk (Irish monk), priest; Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived (m) | papi |
| popular, beloved (adj) | vin-sæll |
| popularity (f) | vin-sæld |
| populated, become peopled, full of people | fjǫlmennask (t) |
| porridge (m) | grautr |
| port side, 'back-side' (ship/sailing term) | bak-borði |
| portion; part, piece, thing; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) | hlutr |
| position of the sun at dagmál (m) | dagmála-staðr |
| position of the sun at eykt (m) | eyktar-staðr |
| position, stratum, layer; stab, thrust; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| possess, get; gain possession of, get for oneself (v) | eignask (að) |
| possess, hold, keep; have; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| possess, own, have; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) | eiga |
| possession | eigu |
| possession, holding; harbor (f) | höfn, hǫfn |
| possession; keeping (f) | hirzla |
| possessions (f) | eign |
| possessions, wealth (f) | auðœfi |
| possessions; cattle; sheep; wealth, money (n) | fé |
| possible, easy, convenient; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| post, pillar; beam; tree (the ash Yggdrasil) | þollr |
| posts (High seat posts); pillars | öndvegissúlur |
| potlicker | sipill |
| pour, shower; din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz (v) | dynja |
| pour; sprinkle; ladle; water; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) | ausa |
| poverty (f) | fátœkð |
| poverty, lack of means (n) | efna-leysi |
| poverty; destitution; destiny (n) | válað |
| poverty; difficulty, need, distress; harm; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) | nauð(r) |
| power for evil (m) | ófagnaðr-kraptr |
| power, aid (m) | afli |
| power, authority; realm; kingdom (n) | ríki |
| power, control (n) | vald |
| power, force (f) | makt (‡) |
| power, might, ability; strength; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) | megin |
| power, physical strength, might; strength; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) | afl |
| powerful (tremendously or overwhelmingly); fearsome; loathesome | ámáttugr |
| powerful, great, magnificent; mighty (adj) | ríkr |
| powerful, mighty; strong; rammr at afli - extremely strong (adj) | rammr |
| powerful, strong | ǫflugr |
| powerful, strong; doughty (adj) | þrúðugr |
| powers (mighty powers) (pl) | ginnregin |
| powers of fate, fates (pl); weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n) | urðr |
| powers, gods, rulers (n pl) | regin |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p pr q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| praise (n) | lof |
| praise (v) | mæra (ð) |
| praise, flatter, boast of (v) | hœla |
| praise; allow, permit (f) | lofa (að) |
| praise; boast (v) | hrósa |
| praise; encomium (f) | mærð |
| praise; encomium (m) | hróðr (rs) |
| praise; permit, allow (v) | leyfa |
| pray to; call, name, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named (v) | heita |
| prayer, request (f) | bœn |
| preach (v) | boða |
| preach (v) | prēdica (adh) (‡) |
| preamble, foreward, preface; stipulation, condition; formula; charm (m) | formáli |
| precious objects; treasure, wealth, riches | auðr |
| precious; expensive, dear (adj) | dýrr |
| precocious, matured early in life (adj) | bráðgörr |
| preface, preamble, foreward; stipulation, condition; formula; charm (m) | formáli |
| premises, courtyards of a house (pl.), homestead(s) | heimisgarðar |
| preparation; veita umbúð - make arrangement to do a thing (f) | umbúð |
| prepare food, cook (v) | mat-búa |
| prepare, clear, empty, pile up (or clear away) (v) | ryðja |
| prepare, make ready; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) | búa |
| prepared, ready (v pp of búa) | búinn |
| present, placed; situated; staying; staddr við - present | staddr |
| preserve, keep, watch, defend (v) | varð-veita |
| press, urge on, compel, force; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) | knyja, knýja |
| press; push (v) | þrøngva (ð) |
| presumption, pride (n) | mikil-læti |
| previous, former, before; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) | fyrri |
| previously, formerly (adv) | før (‡) |
| previously, sooner (adv) | fyrri |
| price; worth (n) | verð |
| prickly; sharp, keen (adj) | hvass |
| pride | mat-naðr |
| pride (m) | ofsi |
| pride (n) | of |
| pride, haughtiness (n) | draumblæti |
| pride, lack of moderation (n) | óhóf |
| pride, presumption (n) | mikil-læti |
| priest (m) | prestr |
| priest, monk (Irish monk), pope; Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived (m) | papi |
| priest; chief, chieftain (m) | goði |
| priestess (f) | gyðja |
| prime time, 9 a.m. (m) | prīm-tīmæ (‡) |
| prince (m) | dǫglingr |
| prince (m) | konungsson |
| prince, king (m) | buðlungr |
| prince, king (m) | lofðungr |
| prince, leader (m) | fólkhagi |
| prince, leader (m) | vísi |
| prince; king (m) | jǫfurr |
| prince; ruler (m) | þjóðann |
| princely | hǫfðingh_legr (‡) |
| prisoner (m) | fangi |
| probable, likely (adj) | líkligr |
| probable; like, resembling; promising; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| probable; more likely; vænstr - most likely | venna |
| proceed in, begin to; step (v) | feta |
| proceed on a journey; seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; attack; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) | leita (að) |
| proceeding (n) | atferli |
| procession, a walking, course (f) | ganga |
| proclaim; dawn; illuminate (v) | lysa |
| proclaim; judge (v) | dœma |
| procure, get, take; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| produce of the land (f pl) | lands-nytjar |
| produce; hafa frammi - produce, make use of (adv) | frammi |
| profit (m) | góði |
| profit (m) | slœgr |
| profit, advancement, benefit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) | frami |
| profit; use; eat; avail; derive benefit from; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) | nýta (tt) |
| progeny, child; baby; offspring, family, kin | kind |
| progeny, family line | kynslóð |
| progress, pass (usually of time); move, go; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) | líða |
| progress; success (f) | framkvæmd |
| prohibition (n) | for-buðū |
| prohibition of corn trade (n) | cornband (‡) |
| prohibition, ban (n) | bann |
| prolong, lengthen (v) | lengja (ð) |
| prominent man, great man, wealthy man, man of power (m) | ríkismaðr |
| promise (n) | heit |
| promise; call, name, give a name to, call on; be called, be named; pray to (v) | heita |
| promising (adj) | efniligr |
| promising (adj) | mann-vænn |
| promising a good seasonal harvest (adj) | árvænn |
| promising; beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful (adj) | vænn |
| promising; like, resembling; probable; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| promptly, quickly (adv) | greiðliga |
| pronounce, impose, decree; make, create (v) | skepia (skóp, skapða) |
| proof (of a thing), token, evidence (n) | jartegn |
| proper, fitting, becoming; deserving (adj) | makligr |
| proper, just, fair (adj) | sannligr |
| property tax, land tax (f) | landskyld |
| property, nature, characteristic quality; natural ability (f); spirits (f pl) | náttúra |
| prophecy, song of fate (f) | spá |
| prophesying well or rightly | velspár |
| prophetess, seeress; witch, sorceress, soothsayer (f) | vǫlva, völva |
| prophetess, sibyl (f) | spá-kona |
| prophetess, sibyl (f) | vísinda-kona |
| proportion; at hófi - tolerably (n) | hóf |
| proposition; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| prosper (v) | hlyða |
| prosperity; happiness | sæla |
| prostrate, flat (adj) | flatr |
| protect, defend; keep away; hold a place against, keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) | verja (varði) |
| protect, shelter; show mercy (v) | hlifa, hlifá |
| protected; holy, sacred; heilgir fiskar - halibuts (adj) | heilagr |
| protection, cover; shield; shelter (f) | hlíf |
| protection, help, aid; inspection; appearance, shape (f) | ásjá |
| protection, help, support, confidence (n) | traust |
| protection, peace (n pl) | grið |
| protection, shield wall (f) | skjald-borg |
| protector; Þor (Thor), 'Midgarðs véurr' | véurr |
| proud (adj) | mikil-látr |
| proud, haughty, arrogant (adj) | stórlátr |
| proud, magnificent (adj) | stolther (‡) |
| proud; splendid (adj) | prúðr |
| prove, try; experience; reyna ilt af - meet with evil at the hands of; reyndr vas flestr - most were put to the test; be proved; reynt er - trial has been made; be proved (v) | reyna (d) |
| proverb (m) | orðs-kviðr |
| provide (v) | birgja |
| provide with supports; rest; support; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) | styðja (dd), studdi |
| provide with wood; viða heim ǫllum sumarviði - bring in all the summer wood (v) | viða (að) |
| provide; equip; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| provide; invite, order, command; bid; offer; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| province (n) | fylki |
| provisions (f pl) | birgðir |
| provisions for a journey | vegnest |
| provisions, food; food and lodging; stay; abode; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) | vist |
| provisions, traveling provisions (n) | nest |
| provisions; grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) | fang |
| provisions; supplies | atdráttr |
| provocation; merit (f) | til-gørð |
| prow (m) | framstafn |
| prow; beak (m) (ship/sailing term) | hǫfuðstafn |
| prowess, ability, skill; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) | dugr |
| proximity; í nánd - near; í nánd við - close to (f) | nánd |
| pull of an oar (m) | vörr |
| pull violently, yank (v) | hnykkja (ð, t) |
| pull, draw, drag, haul; draga seil upp - hoist sail; draga et sér - collect; draga til - compel, induce; draga frá - clear away; draga undan - escape; draga á vetur - feed through the winter (v) | draga |
| pull, jerk; snatch, pick up; rend (v) | kippa (ð, t) |
| pull; fasten, button (v) | kneppa (t) |
| pull; fǫrum sem okkr fœtr toga - let us be off as fast as we can go; togask - pull hard (against) (v) | toga (að) |
| pull; struggle (f) | svipting |
| pulling, rowing (m) | róðr |
| punishment, penalty, liability to penalty; injury, misfortune | víti |
| purchase; loosen, untie; depart; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| purpose, expect, look for, intend (to do), mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| purpose; part, piece, thing; portion; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) | hlutr |
| purposeless, without effect, lit errand-less (adj) | ørendislauss |
| pursue, chase; cast down (v) | elta |
| push, shove; drive, drift; ratt af sér - threw off (v) | hrinda |
| push; press (v) | þrøngva (ð) |
| put a top on; top, crown; um hǫfuð typpa - wind a headdress on the head (v) | typpa |
| put forth effort; cost; kosta rásar - run at great speed (v) | kosta |
| put hope in (v) | hopas til (‡) |
| put on, gird (v) | gyrða |
| put right; reach, stretch up or out; raise; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) | rétta (tt) |
| put to the test; try; make trial of; test (v) | freista (st) |
| put, give, deliver; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| put, place, lay; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| put, place; set; seat; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| quake, shake, tremble, move, be moved; march (v) | bifask (ð, að) |
| quarrel (v) | deila |
| quarrel, litigation (f) | deild |
| quarrel; divide; distinguish; contend; deila við - contend with (v) | deila (d) |
| quarrel; ganga sleitum - to quarrel (v) | sleita |
| quarters for the night (n) | nátt-ból |
| quarters, lodgings (n) | herbergi |
| queen (f) | dróttning |
| quick, swift; sem skjótast - as soon as possible, straightaway (adj) | skjótr |
| quickly (adv) | hraðliga |
| quickly (adv) | hverfr |
| quickly (adv) | skjótla |
| quickly (adv) | skótt |
| quickly (adv) | títt |
| quickly, hastily (adv) | skyndi-liga |
| quickly, promptly (adv) | greiðliga |
| quiet, peace, grace (f pl) | nādhir (‡) |
| quiet, silent (adj) | hljóðr |
| quiet; hafa kyrt um sik, sitja um kyrt - remain quiet | kyrr |
| quiet; wise, learned (adj) | spakr |
| quite prepared | al-búinn |
| quite true (adj) | all-sannr |
| quite, very (adv) | stundar |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r ri s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| race course; running-ground; knarrar skeið - sea, 'ship course' (n) | skeið |
| race, hurry (v) | rás |
| race; people, nation (f) | þjóð |
| radiance (m) | ljómi |
| rag, flag (f) | flík |
| rag, torn piece (n) | slitri |
| rage (giant's rage) | jǫtun-móðr |
| rage (v) | geisa |
| raging, raving, frenzied, mad with fear; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) | ódr |
| Ragnar (personal name); Ragnarr loðbrók - Ragnar Shaggy-breeches, a legendary Viking chieftain of the 9th century (m) | Ragnarr |
| Ragnarok, the twilight of the gods, the world's end (also referred to as the ragna rök - doom of the gods) (n) | ragna-røk(k)r |
| Ragnar's son | Ragnarsson |
| raid, harry; plunder; make war (v) | herja (að) |
| raid, plundering (m) | hernaðr |
| raid; í víking - on a raid; (f) | víking |
| rail, bar; short piece (m) | spǫlr |
| raise, lift (v) | yppa (pð) |
| raise, lift, heave; begin; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) | hefja |
| raise, set up; láta reisa stein - have a stone raised (v) | reisa (t) |
| raise; reach, stretch up or out; put right; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) | rétta (tt) |
| raise; swing up; swing; reiða fram - swing down, strike a blow; reiddi sik - threw himself (v) | reiða (dd) |
| raised platform along the side(s) of a hall; step (m) | pallr |
| raised up; up (position); be at an end; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) | uppi |
| raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall, seat, room in which one sits; residence(s) (pl) | set |
| raising up; success (f) | upp-reist |
| rake (v) | raka |
| rake, shave (v) | rakæ (aþ) (‡) |
| ram (m) | hrútr |
| ram, (head)butt, gore (by cattle); stangask - butt each other (v) | stanga |
| Rangarvellir (place name), Rang River Plains | Rangárvellir |
| rank (f) | rǫð |
| ranking; of high rank | tiginn |
| ransom for one's life; release from life (f) | fjörlausn |
| ransom or compensation for a dead otter, Otter's ransom, wergeld (n pl) | otrgjöld |
| ransom, wergeld or compensation for a dead son (n pl) | sonargjöld |
| ransom, wergeld, or compensation for a dead brother (n pl) | bróðurgjöld |
| rare (adj) | fásénn |
| rash, unwise (adj) | óvitrligr |
| Ratatosk, the squirrel that carries insults between Níðhöggr and the eagle (m) | Ratatoskr (also Ratatöskr) |
| rather; [after neg] on the contrary; at heldr - all the more; heldr en - rather than, more than (adv) | heldr |
| Rathsvith, Counsel-sharp | Ráðsviðr |
| rattle, dash noisily, clatter, clash; roar; resound (v) | glymja |
| Raumariki (place name) (n) | Raumaríki |
| raven (m) | hrafn |
| raven 'wound-mew' (m) | benmár |
| raven, 'wound-grouse' (m) | ben-már |
| ravine, gorge (n) | gil |
| raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) | ódr |
| reach, get, obtain, catch, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) | ná (ð) |
| reach, stretch up or out; raise; put right; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) | rétta (tt) |
| reach, touch; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| reach; come, arrive; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) | koma |
| read, gather; express, concoct (v) | lesa |
| readily (adv) | fljótr |
| ready, prepared (v pp of búa) | búinn |
| ready; made, built; done; sent; done for, finished off (adj) | gǫrr (van) |
| realm of the giants | iǫtunheimr |
| realm; kingdom; power, authority (n) | ríki |
| rear, bring up; give birth to; feed; nurse; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) | fœða (dd) |
| reason; material; state, condition (n) | efni |
| reason; sake; tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate) (f) | skyld |
| reasonable; easy to deal with; er óvandleikit við hann - it is easy to deal with him (adj) | óvand-leikit |
| reasonable; gentle; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| reasonable; mild (adj) | gæfr |
| receive, accept; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| receive, suffer; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) | fara |
| receive; accept; accept lodgings; þiggja undan - get one released (v) | þiggja |
| receive; get (as one's lot); be allocated; result; be obliged to (v) | hljóta |
| receive; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| reception (f) | við-taka |
| reciprocated silence, silence in return | endrþaga |
| recite (v) | þylja (þuldi) |
| recite, recount | fyrtelia (-talða) |
| recite; recite verse; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| recite; tell, say; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; (v) | telja (talða) |
| reckon, count; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; (v) | telja (talða) |
| reckoning, enumeration, list; talk, parley, conversation; consultation (n) | tal |
| recognize, know; notice, perceive; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) | þekkja (ð) |
| recoil, fall back (v) | hrøkkva |
| recoil; give way (v) | hǫrfa (að) |
| recompense, return; feast; guild; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation (n) | gildi |
| reconcile; make peace among; sættask at því - settle on such terms, agree; sættask - come to terms, settle, agree, be reconciled; sættask á - agree to (v) | sætta (tt) |
| reconciled; at peace (adj) | sáttr |
| reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; atonement, agreement; at sætt - as atonement (f) | sætt |
| recount, recite | fyrtelia (-talða) |
| recover; claim; get back; draw, summon (v) | heimta (t) |
| recover; come, arrive; reach; obtain; occur; come about; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) | koma |
| red (also frequently as a descriptor for gold) (adj) | rauðr |
| red, ruddy (adj) | rjóðr |
| red-bearded; hinn Rauðskeggjaði - Þor (Thor) (adj) | rauð-skeggjaðr |
| redden, make red (v) | rjóða |
| reddened; blood-stained (adj) | roðinn |
| redeem; loosen, untie; depart; purchase; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| redeem; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) | gjalda |
| redress, compensation; honor (f) | sœmð, sœmd |
| redundant; who, which, that; when; where; as; is (conj) | er |
| reef (in the sea); rib (n) | rif |
| reef (sails) (ship/sailing term); sweep; throw, fling (v) | svipta (t) |
| reek, smoke (m) | eimi |
| reek, smoke; go flying, tumble (v) | rjúka |
| Ref (personal name), Refr inn rauði - Ref the Red (m) | Refr |
| reflection (f) | um-huxan (‡) |
| refrain, repeated comment or phrase (n) | stefna |
| Refsstadir (place name) Ref's farmstead (m pl) | Resstaðir |
| refuge, resort; means of existence, way (of going on) | vera |
| refuse, deny (v) | neita (tt) |
| refuse, deny (v) | synja (að) |
| regard (warm regard), statement (favorable statement), esteem | líknstafr |
| regard; look; see; seem; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) | líta |
| Regin; son of Hreidmar, brother of Fafnir the dragon (m) | Reginn |
| region; troop; band, company; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) | sveit |
| region; world, earth; heima í millim, í milli heims ok heljar - between life and death (m) | heimr |
| regional military leader in Norway; chieftain (m) | hersir |
| reindeer (m) | hreinn |
| rejoice (v) | glæd-hias |
| rejoice at, welcome; glad (to be glad) (v) | fagna (að) |
| rejoicing in battle | bǫð-reifr |
| rejoicing in battle | víg-reifr |
| relate incorrectly | missegja |
| relate, tell of; obtain, beget, persuade, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| relate; say, speak; tell, tell of; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) | segja (sagða) |
| relate; tell; accomplish; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v) | inna |
| relationship, marriage (f) | samför |
| relative, friend, kinsman (m) | frændi |
| release from life; ransom for one's life (f) | fjörlausn |
| reliable, unfailing (adj) | ó-brigðr |
| reliable; well-disposed (adj) | tillagagoðr |
| religion; custom (m) | síðr |
| reluctant (adj) | tregr |
| reluctant, unwilling (adj) | nauðugr |
| reluctant, unwilling (adj) | trauðr |
| remain, stay; sit; reside; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) | sitja |
| remain, stay; stand (firm); stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| remedy, bettering, cure; adornment; (f pl) compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f) | bót |
| remember, call to mind; muna langt fram - remember from a long time back (v) | muna |
| remind; minnir mik - I remember; minnask - remember, call to mind (v) | minna |
| rend; pull, jerk; snatch, pick up (v) | kippa (ð, t) |
| renown, fame (m) | orðs-tírr |
| renown, fame, reputation (m) | dómr |
| rent, hire (v) | leiga (ð) |
| repay, requite; pay; pay compensation; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) | gjalda |
| repay; relate; tell; accomplish; pay; inna til - make mention of (v) | inna |
| repeated comment or phrase, refrain (n) | stefna |
| repeatedly, not seldom (adv) | ósjaldan |
| repent of (v) | iðrask |
| replies, answers (n pl) | svǫr |
| reply, answer (n) | svar |
| report, account (f) | sǫgn |
| report, repute, fame; word; speech; conversation; message; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) | orð |
| reproach, blame (m) | ámæli |
| reputation, fame, renown (m) | dómr |
| reputation, fame; judgment; court; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) | dómr |
| repute, fame, report; word; speech; conversation; message; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) | orð |
| request, ask for (v) | æsta |
| request, prayer (f) | bœn |
| require; need; (impers.) be necessary; have need of; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is necessary (v) | þurfa, thorfua (‡) |
| requite, repay; pay; pay compensation; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) | gjalda |
| rescue, save (v) | frelsa |
| resembling, like; probable; promising; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| resentment (m) | íhugi |
| reserve, folly; conceit | dul |
| reserved, cold; few; little; a small number; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) | fár |
| reserved, silent, taciturn (adj) | fálátr |
| reserved; not meddlesome (adj) | fáskiptinn |
| reside; sit; stay, remain; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) | sitja |
| residence or throne for a king; stool, chair; bishop's see (m) | stóll, stōll (‡) |
| residence(s); seat, room in which one sits, raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall (pl) | set |
| residence, royal residence (f) | atseta |
| resistance, defense, counter-attack; til móttöku - to a defense, to counter-attack (f) | móttaka |
| resolute; hard-hearted; ruthless (adj) | harðhugaðr |
| resolved | einráðinn |
| resort to, visit (v) | til-sȳkia (‡) |
| resort, refuge; means of existence, way (of going on) | vera |
| resound (v) | duna (að) |
| resound, din, thunder, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) | dynja |
| resound, thunder (v) | þrymja |
| resound; flow; rush (v) | þjóta |
| resound; roar; dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash (v) | glymja |
| resound; whir (v) | dunði |
| resourceful, deep-witted (adj) | djúpvitr |
| resources or quality (good) of a country (m) | lands-kostr |
| respect, honor, value, reputation (f) | virðing |
| respect, way; place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| respite, delay; lj'a fresta - give; respite (n) | frest |
| rest, lie, sleep (v) | hvíla (ð, d) |
| rest, pause | hvílð |
| rest, stop; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| rest; bið ró - have rest; biða ró - have quiet (f) | ró |
| rest; graze (v) | æja |
| rest; support; provide with supports; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) | styðja (dd), studdi |
| result; be allocated; receive; get (as one's lot); be obliged to (v) | hljóta |
| retainer, follower (m) | sveitungr |
| retainer, king's man (m) | hirðmaðr |
| retainer, servant; farmhand; king's man (m) | húskarl |
| return, recompense; feast; guild; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation (n) | gildi |
| revenge for one's father (f pl) | fǫður-hefndir |
| revered (adj) | hæið-werðr (‡) |
| revile; scoff at; bark; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) | geyja |
| reward (n pl) | laun |
| reward (v) | launa |
| reward; tribute; payment; tax; compensation; wergild (n) | gjald |
| Reykjanes, Headland of Smoke (place name) (n) | Reykjanes |
| Reykjavik, Bay of Smoke (f) | Reykjarvík |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r ri s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| rib; reef (in the sea) (n) | rif |
| rich, wealthy; auðigr at fé - very wealthy (adj) | auðigr |
| riches, treasure, wealth; precious objects | auðr |
| riddle (f) | gáta |
| ride; ride over; riða ofan - descend (v) | ríða |
| rider, horseman (m) | riddari |
| ridge (projecting ridge between two valleys) (m) | múli |
| ridge (rough, stony hill or ridge); wood, woodland, forest (n) | holt |
| ridge; hill-crest | háls |
| ridge-beam (m) | brúnáss |
| riding to attend the Thing (f) | þing-reið |
| riding; chariot (f) | reið |
| riding; third; third part (m) | þriðjungr |
| Rifsker (place name), Rocky or Rib Reef (n) | Rifsker |
| rigging, tackle; harness, trappings; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) | reiði |
| right (adj) | hœgri |
| right of taking witness (f) | vita (‡) |
| right well (adv) | stór-vel |
| right, correct, straight; just, fair; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) | réttr |
| right, lawful claim; cause, condition; law; treaty (m) | réttr |
| right, rightly; directly (adv) | rétt (r) |
| right; bound, obliged; due; urgent; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) | skyldr |
| righteous (adj) | ræt-vis (‡) |
| righteousness (f) | ræt-vīsa (‡) |
| rigid, stiff; harsh, severe (adj) | stirðr |
| rim (of shield), edge (m) | þrǫmr |
| rim of heaven, horizon or precinct of heaven, sky | himinioðurr |
| rim; margin between rim and liquid; board, strake, hull, plank (ship/sailing term); side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) | borð |
| rim; shield (f) | rǫnd |
| rime (n) | hrim |
| ring distributor (m) | hring-brjótr |
| ring, bracelet, armlet; coil (m) | baugr |
| ring, circle (m) | hringr |
| ring-giving prince (m) | baug-skati |
| rip apart; bite, bite through; cut (v) | bíta |
| rip, tear (v) | rífa |
| rise high, swell (v) | svella |
| rise high, tower (v) | gnæfa (ð) |
| rise time, time to rise, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 a.m. (n) | rísmál |
| rising higher above the sea | borð-meiri |
| risk, venture, stake; cease (v) | hætta |
| river (f) | á |
| river (n) | fljót |
| river; water; lake; waterway (n) | vatn, watn (‡) |
| rivet, clench rivets (v) | hnjóða |
| road (f); í braut - away (adv) | braut |
| road to hell (m) | hel-vegr |
| road, path; way, journey; manner, fashion (f) | leið |
| road, way where men pass (m) | manna-vegr |
| road, way, path (f) | gata |
| road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| roam, wander about (as a shepherd with his sheep) (v) | flakka |
| roar; resound; dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash (v) | glymja |
| roar; splash against (v) | gnyja |
| roast (v) | steikja |
| rob, plunder, deprive of (v) | ræna, ráena |
| rob, rob one of, steal (v) | stela |
| Robert Longsword, (c. 893 – 17 December 942), second ruler of Normandy (m) | Roðbertr löngumspaði |
| rock on which waves break (n) | brim-sker |
| rock, crag (m) | klettr |
| rock, stone, boulder; cliff; crag; mountain (n) | bjarg |
| rock, stone; cave or stone dwelling; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) | steinn |
| rock; skerry, isolated rock sticking out to sea (n) | sker |
| rocks (n pl) | grjótbjǫrg |
| rocky mound (m) | grjót-hóll |
| rocky, stony (adj) | grýttr, gryttr |
| Rogaland (placename) | Rogaland |
| roll (the eyes); throw; shoot; hop; launch (boat); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) | skjóta |
| roll over (v) | veltask |
| roll, fly, spring; snore (v) | hrjóta |
| roll, make run; renna augum - direct the eyes, look; atgeirinn rendi í gegnum skjǫldinn - the spear was run through the shield (v) | renna (d) |
| roof (n) | ræfr |
| roof, thatch (f) | þekja |
| roof, thatch (n) | þak |
| roofed with overlapping boards | súð-þakiðr |
| room at the side (n) | af-hús |
| room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskáli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held, stove room; sitting room (f) | stofa |
| room in which one sits, seat, raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall; residence(s) (pl) | set |
| room of house; house (n); farm (n pl) | hús |
| room, space; seat; bed (n) | rúm |
| root (f) | rót |
| rope (twisted rope), cable (m) | kaðall |
| rope, bowline; line; bridal veil; linen headdress (f) | lína |
| rope, cable (ship/sailing term); scroll; bowstring (m) | strengr |
| rope, trace (n) | reip |
| rope, trap (?) (f) | festr |
| ropes; fastenings by which boats were tied together for battle (ship/sailing term) (n pl) | tengsl |
| rorqual, large baleen whale (f) | reyðr |
| rot, decay (v) | fúna |
| rotten, decayed (adj) | fúinn |
| round, about; over, across; past, through, throughout; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| rouse; wake, waken, awake; vekja upp - wake up (v) | vekja (vakti, vekte (‡)) |
| rouse; waken (v) | vakti |
| route normally followed, main road (m) | almannavegr |
| route taken to attend the þing (f) | þingmanna-leið |
| rove, travel about; fall down (v) | rata (að) |
| row; hræs lanar - the rows of the slain (f) | lǫn |
| row; róa fyrir (landi) - row along (the shore) (v) | róa |
| rower's seat | sess |
| rowing out to fish (m) | út-roðr (rar) |
| rowing towards, rowing against (m) | atróðr |
| rowing, pulling (m) | róðr |
| royal residence, residence (f) | atseta |
| rub (v) | gnúa |
| rub, shape by rubbing (v) | má (ð) |
| rub, stroke, wipe; caress; smooth, brush (v) | strjúka |
| rudder, helm (n) | stýri, styri |
| ruddy, red (adj) | rjóðr |
| ruddy-complexioned (adj) | rauðlitaðr |
| rule over, govern, command (v) | stjórna |
| rule, steer, command, direct, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| ruler (m) | for-man (‡) |
| ruler (m) | stillR |
| ruler, chief; leader; chieftain; captain (m) | hǫfðingi |
| ruler, leader (m) | skati |
| ruler; prince (m) | þjóðann |
| rulers, gods, powers (n pl) | regin |
| rummaging (n) | þrausk |
| run, flow (v) | rinna |
| run; í kǫpp við - to run a race with; hǫfgi rann á hann - he fell asleep; renna af - pass away from one; dagr rann upp - it dawned; renna upp - make raids on (vi); put to flight (vt) | renna |
| run; leap (v) | stikla |
| run; leap, spring; climb; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) | hlaupa |
| run; running; taka hlaup - take a run; (n) | hlaup |
| rune man (one skilled in runes) (m) | rȳni-maþr (‡) |
| rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) | rún |
| rune-craft skilled (most skilled in rune-craft) (m) | rýnstr |
| running away (n) | brott-hlaup |
| running-ground; race course; knarrar skeið - sea, 'ship course' (n) | skeið |
| rush (at an opponent); wade; wade through (water), pass through; vaða fram - charge onward (v) | vaða |
| rush (v) | hrapa (að) |
| rush forth with violence; rushing furiously (v) | geysa |
| rush, crowd, throng, drift, hurry (vi) | drifa |
| rush, stumble (v) | rasa (að) |
| rush; flow; resound (v) | þjóta |
| Russia and the Orient; eastern lands; eastern Europe (n pl) | Austrlönd |
| Russia or Wendland, 'the eastern kingdom' (n) | øster-rīke (‡) |
| ruthless, hard in counsel, tyrannical (adj) | harðráðr |
| ruthless; hard-hearted; resolute (adj) | harðhugaðr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| sacrament, mystery; notable thing; great wonders (n pl) | stórmerki |
| sacred, holy; protected; heilgir fiskar - halibuts (adj) | heilagr |
| sacred, most holy | ginnheilagr |
| sacrifice (n) | húsl |
| sacrifice, sacrifice in worship; worship; worship with sacrifice; curse (v) | blóta |
| sacrifice; heathen (n) | blót |
| saddle (m) | sǫðull |
| saddle-pad, felt (m) | þófi |
| sadness, depression (f) | ógleði |
| Sæmhrimnir, the boar who feeds the warriors in Valhöll (m) | Sæhrímnir |
| Saemund (personal name) | Sæmundr |
| safe, secure, trusty (adj) | ør-uggr |
| safe, sound; hale; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| safe, true, trusty (adj) | tryggr (van) |
| safe; trusty (adj) | trúr |
| saga, what is said, legend; story; history; saga til - a story about (f) | saga |
| sagacious, very wise, wise (of a woman) (adj) | alsnotr |
| said by all | almætr |
| said of old, in days gone by (n) | forn-kveðit |
| sail (ship/sailing term) (n) | segl |
| sail (vertical leech of sail) (ship/sailing term) | rá-lík |
| sail near the wind, beat (ship/sailing term) | beita |
| sail pin (later luff) (ship/sailing term), splint | úfr |
| sail, carry sail; sigla með - sail along; sail past (ship/sailing term) (v) | sigla |
| sailing (ship/sailing term) (f) | sigling |
| sailing, voyage, passage of a ship (f) | skipför |
| sailor, seaman, seafarer, merchant, trader (m) | farmaðr |
| sailyard, spar (tacking spar) (ship/sailing term) | beitiáss |
| sake; reason; tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate) (f) | skyld |
| saliva, slobber, slobberer (as nickname) (f) | slefa |
| salmon (m) | lax |
| salute, greet; kveðja (upp) call up, summon (v) | kveðja (kvaddi) |
| salute, greeting (f) | kveðja |
| salute; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| same; ísamt - together; ina sömu nótt - on the same night; it sama - the same, likewise; sem samt sé - in the same way (adj pron) | samr |
| sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), (stone) altar, temple | hǫrgr |
| sanctuary within arrow-shot of a home; í ǫrskots-helgi - within arrow-shot (f) | ǫrskots-helgr |
| sand; beach, shore (m) | sandr |
| sandbank; gravelly riverbank; shoal; spit, small spit of land running into the sea (f) | eyrr |
| satisfaction of curiosity (f) | forvitnis-bót |
| satisfy; láta nøghia sik at - content oneself with (v) | nøghia (‡) |
| Saturday, 'bathing day' (m) | laugar-dagr |
| save (v) | forða (að) |
| save, except, but; unless (conj) | nema |
| save, help (v) | bjarga |
| save, help (v) | hjálpa |
| save, rescue (v) | frelsa |
| Saxon; southerner; German (m) | suðr-maðr |
| say 'yes', agree to (v) | já (ð) |
| say, declare; call, cry out; name (v) | kalla |
| say, speak, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| say, speak; tell, tell of; relate; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) | segja (sagða) |
| say, tell; stipulate; segja frá - tell of, relate; segja til - inform on; give information of; segja til sin - tell one's name; segja upp - declare, pronounce; segisk þar vílja vera - he says he wishes to stay there (v) | segja |
| say; recite; tell; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; (v) | telja (talða) |
| scabbard (f) | um-gjǫrð |
| scabbard (m) | skálpr |
| scabbard, sheath (f pl) | slíðir, slíðrar |
| scant | hneppr |
| scantily; scarcely; but little (adv) | vart |
| scarcely (adv) | trautt |
| scarcely (adv) | varla |
| scarcely (adv) | var-liga |
| scarcely, hardly (adv) | trauðla |
| scarcely; scantily; but little (adv) | vart |
| scarecrow (m) | trémaðr |
| scatter, spread; sprinkle; dreifask - be spread out (v) | dreifa (ð) |
| scion, son, kinsman, kinsman through marriage (m) | niðr |
| scoff at; revile; bark; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) | geyja |
| sconce-horn (n) | vítis-horn |
| scorched, pinched, chafing (adj) | skarpr |
| scorn (n) | haad (‡) |
| Scotland (place name) (n) | Skotland |
| Scottish | Skozkr |
| scouting, spying, looking out; news (f) | njósn |
| scrape, shave; allot (lit scrape off for you) (v) | skafa |
| scrape; plough, scratch (v) | erja |
| scrape; skrapæ af - erase (v) | skrapæ (ath) (‡) |
| scratch (v) | klóra |
| scratch, cut; write; cut runes (v) | ríta |
| scratch, plough; scrape (v) | erja |
| scream (v) | gala |
| scream, shout; cry, cry out (v) | œpa (t) |
| scream, yell; bellow; twang (of a bowstring) (v) | gjalla |
| scream; cry (v) | hlakka |
| screamer, yeller | gellir |
| screaming (m) | jarmr |
| scroll; rope, cable (ship/sailing term); bowstring (m) | strengr |
| sea | harr |
| sea (m) | sær |
| sea (m) | sand-himinn |
| sea (m) | víðir |
| sea (n) | ver |
| sea, inlet of the sea; lake | sær (sævar) |
| sea, 'stall of the seagull' (m) | mástallr |
| sea, the high sea; vestr um haf - westwards over the sea (n) | haf |
| sea, water | logr |
| sea; fyrir ofan sjó - above the waterline (m) | sjór |
| sea; horse, steed (m) | marr |
| sea; Óðins æ - poetry, poem (m) | ægir |
| sea; wave; bay, creek (m) | vágr |
| sea-bird; swan (m) | svanr |
| sea-captain, 'Oðin of the chariot (of the sea)' (m) | ræið-Wiðurr (‡) |
| seafarer, seaman, sailor, merchant, trader (m) | farmaðr |
| seafarers, Vikings (m pl) | flotnar |
| seagull, gull; mew (m) | már, mór |
| seal (a variety of); brimills vǫllr - sea (the seal's field) (m) | brimill |
| seaman, seafarer, sailor, merchant, trader (m) | farmaðr |
| search (v) | kann |
| search for, seek; find; see; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) | leita (að) |
| search, explore, find out about; kannask við - recognize (v) | kanna (að) |
| search, peer, investigate (v) | nýsa (t) |
| season (bad season); dearth (n) | ó-áran |
| season (good season); year (n) | ár |
| season (m) | árangr |
| season (of about six months) (n) | misseri |
| season, harvest (f) | árferð |
| season, period of time; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| seat (n) | sæti |
| seat of honor, throne, high-seat (n) | hásæti |
| seat, room in which one sits, raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall; residence(s) (pl) | set |
| seat; room, space; bed (n) | rúm |
| seat; set; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| sea-tossed, driven off one's course; verða sæhafa - be drive off one's course (adj) | sæhafa |
| second, next; another, other; one (of two) (adj pron) | annarr |
| secrecy (f); á laun - secretly (adv) | laun |
| secret door (f pl) | laun-dyrr |
| secret writing, secret wisdom; rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) | rún |
| secret, mystery; rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret wisdom, secret writing (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) | rún |
| secure, safe, trusty (adj) | ør-uggr |
| see, gaze; know of; perceive, understand; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) | sjá |
| see; know; be aware of; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up (v) | vita |
| see; look; seem; regard; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) | líta |
| see; seek, search for; find; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) | leita (að) |
| see; think, believe; give heed to; observe; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| seed; corn; grain (n) | korn |
| seeing that; though, even if (adv) | þótt, þó at |
| seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) | leita (að) |
| seem, appear to be; show; exist (v) | sýna (d) |
| seem, be thought; think (seem to one); þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk- seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) | þykkja (þótti) |
| seem; look; see; regard; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) | líta |
| seeress, prophetess; witch, sorceress, soothsayer (f) | vǫlva, völva |
| seize, take, capture, catch; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| seize; capture (v) | handtaka |
| seize; lay hands on (v) | hǫndla |
| seldom; sjaldnar - more seldom (adv) | sjaldan |
| self (him-, her-, it-self; them-selves; one-self) | sik |
| self; him-, her-, it-self; themselves (adj pron) | sjálfr |
| self-assertive, noisy (adj) | hávaðamikill |
| self-judgment (m) | sjálf-dœmi |
| sell; give; hand over to another (v) | selja, sæliæ |
| send (from one's house); loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| send (v) | senda (d) |
| sending away, dismissal (f) | brottvaðning |
| sense, intelligence, wit, wits, understanding (n) | vit |
| sensible, wise (adj) | horskr |
| sent; made, built; done; ready; done for, finished off (adj) | gǫrr (van) |
| separate, divide, part, part company, disband; understand; perceive; skilja á - stipulate; skilja við - part from; skilja frá - exempt from; skilja fyr - make known to, proclaim to; skiljask við - part from, forsake; þá skilr á um - they fall out over, differ, disagree about (v) | skilja (ð, d) |
| separated | fráskila |
| serpent (m) | naðr (rs) |
| serpent tongue | ormstunga |
| serpent, snake, worm; eitr ormr - poisonous serpent (m) | ormr |
| servant (m) | thiænist-mæn (‡) |
| servant (m) | þjónustu-maðr |
| servant, page (m) | skó-sveinn |
| servant, retainer; farmhand; king's man (m) | húskarl |
| servant; boy, lad; page (m) | sveinn |
| servant; freeman; subject; a good man (m) | þegn |
| serve (v) | þjóna (að) |
| serve with drink (v) | skenkja |
| serve; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| service (f) | thiænist (‡) |
| service, employment; food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; abode; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) | vist |
| service; skulu þér til reiðu - will be at your service (f) | reiða |
| serving-woman | groðkona |
| serving-woman (f) | grið-kona |
| set (in a course), direct; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| set a price; evaluate, estimate, value (v) | meta |
| set one's feet upon, tread; spurn; sporna við - resist (v) | sporna (að) |
| set up (booth or tent), pitch a tent (v) | tjalda |
| set up, raise; láta reisa stein - have a stone raised (v) | reisa (t) |
| set up; set; seat; place, put; make; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| set, place; equip; provide; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| set, put, place; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| set; equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) | skipa (að) |
| set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) | setja |
| settle, fix; stop (v) | steðja |
| settle; dwell; build; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) | byggja (gð) |
| settle; occupy, inhabit (v) | byggva |
| settlement, lit land-taking (n) | landnám |
| settlement, reconciliation; settlement of suits; atonement, agreement; at sætt - as atonement (f) | sætt |
| settler, lit land-take-man (the term refers to both women and men) (m) | landnámamaðr, landnámsmaðr |
| seven (num) | sjau |
| seven hundred thirty (num) | sjau hundruð ok þrír tigir |
| seventeen (num) | sjau-tján |
| seventy (num) | sjau tigir |
| severe (adj) | stríðr |
| severe, hard (adj) | snarpr |
| severe, hard; firm, fast; continuous (adj) | fastr |
| severe, harsh; stiff, rigid (adj) | stirðr |
| severe, sharp; hard, difficult (adj) | harðr |
| severe, violent (adj) | allharðr |
| sew (v) | sauma (að) |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| shackle, fetter (m) | fjǫturr, fjóturr |
| shadow of night; mask (f) | gríma |
| shaft of cart, handle; á hávu skapti - on a long shaft; (n) | skapt |
| shaft, spear (for throwing), pike, dart; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) | fleinn |
| shaggy cloak (m) | rǫggvar-feldr |
| shaggy hair | lodinkinni |
| shaggy-breeches (nickname) (f) | loðbrók |
| shaggy-hair (f) | lúfa |
| shake (v) | hrista (t) |
| shake (v) | skaka |
| shake, go rocking (adv) | skykkjum |
| shake, toss (v) | dyja (dúði) |
| shake, tremble (v) | skjálfa |
| shake, tremble, quake, move, be moved; march (v) | bifask (ð, að) |
| shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate), must; should; ought (v) | skulu |
| shall, will; be sure to; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) | munu |
| shallow water (n) | grunn-sævi |
| shame | skam |
| shame (f) | hneykja |
| shame (f) | skǫmm |
| shame, disgrace (m) | skami (‡) |
| shame, harm (m) | vansi |
| shamed (n) | neiss |
| shameful | ámælissamr |
| shameful deed(s) (n) | niðings-verk |
| shameful, wretched, bitter, harsh (adj) | herfiligr |
| shape by rubbing, rub (v) | má (ð) |
| shape, appearance; help, aid, protection; inspection (f) | ásjá |
| shape, form; body (n) | líki |
| shape, form; size, stature, growth (m) | vǫxtr, vöxtr |
| shape, skin; abode (m) | hamr |
| shape; divide; share; change; amount to; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) | skipta |
| shape; feather-coat, feather skin, coat (m) | fjaðrhamr |
| shape; form (f) | mynd |
| share, hand out; distribute; mediate; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) | miðla |
| share; divide; change; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) | skipta |
| sharing of booty (n) | hlut-skipti |
| sharp, keen; prickly (adj) | hvass |
| sharp, severe; hard, difficult (adj) | harðr |
| sharpen, whet; encourage (v) | hvetja |
| sharpen; hvessa augun á - look keenly at, glare at (v) | hvessa |
| sharply, with energy (adv) | snarp-liga |
| sharply; hard | hart |
| shave, rake (v) | rakæ (aþ) (‡) |
| shave, scrape; allot (lit scrape off for you) (v) | skafa |
| shaving, chip; spoon (m) | spánn |
| she (pron) | hon |
| shear, cut; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) | skera |
| sheath, cover (f) | hulða |
| sheath, scabbard (f pl) | slíðir, slíðrar |
| shed, make flow (v) | ūt-glūta (‡) |
| shed; hall, main hall, sleeping-hall (m) | skáli |
| sheep (f) | faar |
| sheep (m) | sauðr |
| sheep (n) | smali |
| sheep pen, sheep-fold (n) | sauðahús |
| sheep; cattle; wealth, money; possessions (n) | fé |
| sheepfold (f) | kví |
| sheep-lacking; er sauð-vant - sheep are missing (adj) | sauð-vant |
| sheep's stomach (f) | sauðar-vǫmb |
| sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); hem, border, end of cloak; láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) | skaut |
| she-goat (f) | geit |
| shell (f) | skel |
| shelter, protect; show mercy (v) | hlifa, hlifá |
| shelter; shield; cover, protection (f) | hlíf |
| shepherd (m) | sauða-maðr |
| shepherd hut; shieling (a hut used in the mountains by shepherds; mountain pasture used for the grazing of cattle in summer) (n) | sel |
| shepherd, herdsman (m) | smala-maðr |
| she-wolf (f) | ylgr |
| shield (m) | skjǫldr, skjöldr |
| shield rim, edge (m) | þrǫmr |
| shield tail, lower pointed end of a shield; tail (m) | sporðr |
| shield wall, protection (f) | skjald-borg |
| shield, 'field of spear-points' (m) | brodd-flǫtr |
| shield, 'spear field' (m) | geir-vangr |
| shield; cover, protection; shelter (f) | hlíf |
| shield; rim (f) | rǫnd |
| shields in a row on the bulwarks of a ship, 'fortress of the snow-skate (of the sea)' (m) | skið-garðr |
| shilling, i.e., piece of money; money (m pl) | skillingr |
| shine (v) | ljóma (að) |
| shine, glow, glitter (v) | glóa |
| shine; flash, gleam, emit rays (v) | skína |
| shining, white (adj) | hvítr |
| ship, boat | skip |
| ship, perhaps a small shuttle or ferry | fley |
| ship (cargo ship); merchant vessel, ocean-going trader (m) | knörr (knarrar) |
| ship (poetic) (m) | kjóll |
| ship (small ship); ash, ash tree; ash spear; the great ash tree Yggdrasill (m) | askr |
| ship, boat (n) | skip |
| ship; beam, timber, pole | áss |
| ship; coastal trader | byrding |
| ship; fast coastal rowing ship; a middle-sized cargo and troop ship (m) | karfi |
| ship, fishing or trading | ferja |
| ship; longship, warship (f) | drakkar |
| ship; ocean-going warship | skeið |
| ship; small warship | snekke |
| ship; naval forces | leiðangr |
| ship; oak; tree (f) | eik |
| ship, with four oars | færing |
| ship, with three pairs of oars, six rowers | sexæringr, seksring, trerøring |
| ship, with four pairs of oars, eight rowers | firkeiping |
| ship, with five pairs of oars, ten rowers plus a helmsman (f) | femkeiping |
| ship, '(nail-)studded' | knattarbarki |
| ship; 'steed of the sea' (m) | gjálfrmarr |
| ship's boat (m) | bátr |
| ship's equipment (ship/sailing term); harness, trappings; rigging, tackle (m and n) | reiði |
| shipwreck (ship/sailing term) (n) | skipsbrot |
| shirt (m) | serkr |
| shoal; gravelly riverbank; sandbank; spit, small spit of land running into the sea (f) | eyrr |
| shoe (m) | skór |
| shoot; let something fly; hurl (v) | fleygja (gð) |
| shoot; throw; hop; launch (boat); roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) | skjóta |
| shooting, shot; missiles (n) | skot |
| shore (f) | strand (‡) |
| shore raid, piracy; høgva strandhögg - engage in piracy (n) | strandhögg |
| shore, beach; sand (m) | sandr |
| shore, ebb-tide, fore-shore, beach; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) | fjara |
| shore, land (f) | fit |
| shore; coast; beach; strand; border; edge (f) | strǫnd, strönd |
| short distance or time, not far (place) (adv) | skammt, skamt |
| short lay; men (body of men) (m) | flokkr |
| short story, tale, 'strand' of rope or yarn (m) | þáttr |
| short winter days (n) | skamm-degi |
| short, stocky man (nickname) (m) | körtr |
| short; brief; fyrir skǫmmu - a short time ago (adj) | skammr |
| shorter; lengr eða skemmr - for a long or short while (adv) | skemmr |
| shortly, soon (adv) | bráðum |
| short-sword; knife (n) | sax |
| shot, shooting; missiles (n) | skot |
| should; must, shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); ought (v) | skulu |
| shoulder | bœgr |
| shoulder (f) | öxl |
| shoulder, shoulder of an animal (m) | bógr |
| shoulders, upper part of back (f pl) | herðar |
| shout, scream; cry, cry out (v) | œpa (t) |
| shove, push; drive, drift; ratt af sér - threw off (v) | hrinda |
| shovel, spade (m) | spaði |
| show (v) | visa |
| show mercy; protect, shelter (v) | hlifa, hlifá |
| show respect or mercy to (v) | þyrma (d) |
| show; appear to be, seem; exist (v) | sýna (d) |
| shower (f) | skúr |
| shower of missiles (f) | skot-hríð |
| shower, passing storm; hailstorm (n) | él |
| shower, pour; din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz (v) | dynja |
| shroud (ship/sailing term) | höfuðbenda, hofurbendur |
| shut the eyes, doze (v) | blunda |
| shut up, lock (v) | læsa |
| shut; close; finish, end; use up; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) | lúka |
| shutter (n) | speld |
| shy (adj) | skjarr |
| shy (adj) | styggr |
| sibling (of the same mother) (adj) | sammœðr |
| sibyl, prophetess (f) | spá-kona |
| sibyl, prophetess (f) | vísinda-kona |
| sickness (f) | kvilla |
| sickness (n) | sóttar-far |
| sickness, illness (f) | sótt |
| side (f) | síða |
| side of a ship; board, strake, hull, plank; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) | borð |
| side with; follow, accompany; help, give help to; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) | fylgja (gð) |
| side(s); strength; might, power, ability; supernatural strength (n) | megin |
| side, part; hand, arm and hand; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) | hǫnd, hönd |
| side; mountain-side, hill-side; slope (f) | hlið |
| side; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| sidelong glance, wink | augabragð |
| Sif, a goddess, the wife of Thor (f) | Sif |
| Sigfather, 'Victory-father', a name for Óðinn (m) | Sigfaðir |
| sight; vision (f) | sýn, syn |
| Sighvat (personal name); Sighvatr inn rauðr - Sighvat the Red (m) | Sighvatr |
| sign, token; lítit mark at - of little account (m) | mark |
| sign; boundary; banner, standard; token, mark; sample; mikit merkjum - extensive, of wide expanse (n) | merki |
| signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| signify, mean (v) | tákna |
| signify, mean; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) | marka |
| signify; win over; explain, interpret, interpret as; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) | þýða (dd) |
| signtoken (n) | tēkn (‡) |
| Sigurd (personal name); Sigurðr slefa - Sigurd the Slobberer (m) | Sigurðr |
| Sigurtharson (personal name) | Sighurþarsun |
| silence (f) | þǫgn |
| silence in return, reciprocated silence | endrþaga |
| silence, hearing (n) | hljóð |
| silent (adj) | þagall |
| silent (adj) | þǫgull |
| silent, quiet (adj) | hljóðr |
| silent, reserved, taciturn (adj) | fálátr |
| silk (n) | silki |
| silken jacket (f) | silkitreya |
| silver (n) | silfr |
| similar to; like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) | líkr, glíkr |
| similar, such | thō-līkr (‡) |
| since; there; although; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) | þar |
| singing; song; clash, clang (m) | sǫngr |
| sink (ship/sailing term), yield (v) | siga (að) |
| sink (v) | søkkva |
| sink gently down; glide, move slowly; yield (v) | síga |
| sink; fall gently; (ppart.) open; hniginn í aldr - elderly, advanced in years (v) | hníga |
| sinless (adj) | meinlauss |
| sip, drink; take a sip (v) | súpa |
| Sirek's Farmstead | Síreksstaðir |
| sister and brother (n pl) | systkin |
| sister; jǫtna systir - giantess (f) | systir |
| sister; nipt Nara - Hel (f) | nipt |
| sit cowering (v) | hnúka |
| sit; stay, remain; reside; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) | sitja |
| sitting room; stove room, a room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskáli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held (f) | stofa |
| situated; placed, present; staying; staddr við - present | staddr |
| six (num) | sex |
| sixteen (num) | sex-tán |
| sixteenth (ord num) | sex-tándi |
| sixth (ordinal num) | sétti |
| sixty (num) | sex tigir, sex-tighi (‡) |
| size, stature, growth; shape, form (m) | vǫxtr, vöxtr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| Skafith (personal name) | Skáfiðr |
| skald, poet (n) | skáld, skald |
| Skalla-Grim (personal name), Bald-Grim (m) | Skallagrímr |
| Skåne, Denmark (place name), now part of Sweden (f) | Skáney |
| Skeggi of Midfjord (personal name) (m) | Miðfjarðr-Skeggi |
| Skeggi of Skutad (personal name) (m) | Skútaðar-Skeggi |
| skerry, isolated rock sticking out to sea; rock (n) | sker |
| ski, glide, slide (on skis), crawl (v) | skríða |
| ski; snow-skate; stick; wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) | skíð |
| skiing goddess, goddess of the skis (f) | ǫndur-dis |
| skill, ability, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) | dugr |
| skilled in arms; capable of bearing arms (adj) | vápn-fœrr |
| skilled in magic (adj) | fjölkunnigr |
| skilled in the law | lǫgkœnn |
| skilled, handy (adj) | hagr |
| skilled, handy (adj) | hagr |
| skillful; docile, affable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| skillfully, neatly, adeptly (adv) | hagliga |
| skin (v) | flá |
| skin of animals taken off whole, pelt, skin-bag, bellows, bag (m) | belgr |
| skin, hide, fur (n) | skinn |
| skin, hide, fur (n) | skinn |
| skin, shape; abode (m) | hamr |
| skin; flay; strip (of clothes and of money) (v) | flá |
| skin-bag (f) | hít |
| skin-changing witch (f) | ham-hleypa |
| skin-covered canoe (m) | huð-keipr |
| skinner (nickname) (m) | skinni |
| skin-purse (m) | skjóðu-pungr |
| skirt chaser | kuensami |
| Skirvir (personal name) | Skirvir |
| Skofnung, possible Shin Bone, the name of King Hrolf's sword (m) | Sköfnungr (also Sköflungr) |
| Skoll, the wolf that pursues the sun (m) | Skoll |
| Skuld (personal name, mythological), Debt, 'that which should become', norn (name of a norn); valkyrie (name of a valkyrie) | Skuld |
| Skuld, Debt, that which should become, one of the three Norns) (f) | Skuld |
| skull (m) | hauss |
| skull (m) | hǫuss (‡) |
| sky, air; heavens; aloft; upper room; í lopt - into the heavens; á lopt(i) - up; in(to) the air, aloft; taka spjót á lopti - catch a spear as it flies (n) | lopt |
| sky, heaven (m) | himinn |
| sky, horizon or precinct of heaven, rim of heaven | himinioðurr |
| slain as prey (n) | val-tafn |
| slain, corpses on the battlefield (m) | valr |
| slander (v) | níða |
| slander, calumny (n) | illmæli |
| slander, contention (n) | róg |
| slander, words of envy (n pl) | öfundarorð |
| slap (v) | sletta |
| slaughter (v) | slátra (að) |
| slaughter; cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) | skera |
| slaughter; loss of life (n) | mann-fall |
| slave, thrall (m) | þræll |
| slay, fell; fella heitstrengingar á sik - draw down on one a curse for the breaking of an oath (v) | fella |
| slay, kill; fight; smite; lift; vegask - fight (v) | vega |
| slay, kill; strike, smite; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) | drepa |
| slayer of one's father (m) | fathær-banæ (‡) |
| slayer, killer, executioner (m) | banamaðr |
| slayer; bane, cause of death; death (m) | bani |
| sleep (m) | svefn |
| sleep, drowsiness | hǫfgi |
| sleep, lodge; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) | liggja |
| sleep, rest, lie (v) | hvíla (ð, d) |
| sleep; sofa at ótt - sleep through the night (v) | sofa |
| sleeping-hall, hall, main hall; shed (m) | skáli |
| sleeping-room (n) | svefnhús |
| sleeve (f) | ermr |
| Sleipnir, Odin's horse (m) | Sleipnir |
| slender (adj) | grannr |
| slender, slim (adj) | grannligr |
| slice, cutting; trench; flensing of a whale (m) | skurðr |
| slice; taunt; sneer at; glance off (v) | sneiða (dd) |
| slight, faint; dying | neppr |
| slightly, a little (adv) | hóti |
| slim, slender (adj) | grannligr |
| slip (v) | skreppa |
| slip; escape, slip away; fail, slip up (v) | sleppa |
| slobber, saliva, slobberer (as nickname) (f) | slefa |
| slobberer (as nickname), saliva, slobber (f) | slefa |
| slope, hillside | brekka |
| slope; side; mountain-side, hill-side (f) | hlið |
| sloping, leaning; hill-side; hallr í göngu - stooped, walking with a stoop (n) | hallr |
| slow (adj) | tómr |
| slow in action or wit (adj); þœfa - to walk clumsily (v) | thøft, thōft (‡) |
| slow, stop (v) | dvelja |
| slow; tedious; late (adj) | seinn |
| slowly (adv) | tómliga |
| slowly; coldly (adv) | seint |
| slowpoke | dragi |
| small hill (m) | bæsingær (‡) |
| small, little (adj) | smár |
| small, low (adj) | lágr |
| smaller (adj) | mindri |
| smile; laugh (v) | hlæja |
| smite, strike, beat, beat; berjask - fight (v) | berja (barði, bariðr) |
| smite, strike; kill, slay; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) | drepa |
| smite; kill, slay; fight; lift; vegask - fight (v) | vega |
| smite; maim; break; strike; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) | lemja |
| smith; builder; artificer (m) | smiðr |
| smithy (f) | smiðja |
| Smjorvatnsheid (place name), Butter-Lake Heath (f) | Smjörvatnsheiðr |
| smoke (m) | reykr |
| smoke, reek (m) | eimi |
| smoke, reek; go flying, tumble (v) | rjúka |
| smoke, vapor (f) | gufa |
| smooth, brush; stroke, rub, wipe; caress (v) | strjúka |
| smooth, even out, tidy, trim; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) | jafna (að) |
| snacking time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 3:00 p.m.; afternoon (f) | eykt |
| snake | gargan |
| snake, serpent, worm; eitr ormr - poisonous serpent (m) | ormr |
| Snake-in-the-Eye (nickname) (n) | ormr-í-auga |
| snap; spring, burst, leap; spring asunder; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) | støkkva |
| snatch, pick up; pull, jerk; rend (v) | kippa (ð, t) |
| sneer at; taunt; slice; glance off (v) | sneiða (dd) |
| snore; roll, fly, spring (v) | hrjóta |
| Snorri's daughter | Snorradóttir |
| snort (v) | fnasa |
| snorting, blowing out (f) | fnǫsun |
| snot | hrodi |
| snow (m) | snær, snjár, snjór |
| snow (m) | snjár, snjór, snær |
| snow (v) | snjófa |
| snow-skate; ski; stick; wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) | skíð |
| so notably, so manfully | jafn-skǫruliga |
| so, thus | sō (‡) |
| so, thus, in this way; also; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) | svá |
| soaked, wet; soft (adj) | blautr |
| soaring, flitting (f) | sveimun |
| sock, stocking; einir sokkar - pair of socks (m) | sokkr |
| soft; soaked, wet (adj) | blautr |
| soft; soaked, wet (adj) | blautr |
| soil, ground; earth, world; land (f) | jörð, jǫrð |
| soil; dirt, mold, earth (as substance) (f) | mold |
| Soknadale (place name) (m) | Sóknadalr |
| soldier (garrisoned soldier); townsman (m) | borgarmaðr |
| sole ruler (m) | einvaldskonungr |
| sole ruler, monarch, sovereign (m) | einvaldi |
| solemn vow (f) | heir-strenging |
| some (adj pron) | sumr |
| some, a certain one, any; einn hverr - each, each one; any one (of several); einnhvern dag - one day (adj pron) | einnhverr |
| some, something, a certain one (adj pron) | eittsvat |
| something new (n) | ný-næmi |
| something, some, a certain one (adj pron) | eittsvat |
| sometimes, at times (conj) | stundum |
| somewhat, in any way (adv) | nǫkkut, nǫkkuru |
| son (m) | burr |
| son (m) | sonr |
| son of a chief (m) | hǫfðingja-sonr |
| son of a yeoman, son of a bóndi, farmer's son (m) | bóndason |
| son of one's sister (m) | systur-son |
| son, kinsman, scion, kinsman through marriage (m) | niðr |
| son; boy, young man; man; (m); kindred (m pl) | mögr, mǫgr |
| song for attracting spirits (f pl) | varði-lokur |
| song of fate, prophecy (f) | spá |
| song; singing; clash, clang (m) | sǫngr |
| son-in-law; brother-in-law; relative by marriage; father-in-law (m) | mágr |
| son's son; grandson (m) | sonar-son, sonarsonr |
| soon, early (adv) | snim-hendis |
| soon, shortly (adv) | bráðum |
| soon, speedily (adv) | fljótliga |
| soon, suddenly; brátt er - as soon as (adv) | brátt |
| sooner, previously (adv) | fyrri |
| soothsayer, witch, sorceress; prophetess, seeress (f) | vǫlva, völva |
| sorceress, witch, soothsayer; prophetess, seeress (f) | vǫlva, völva |
| sorcery, magic, black art (f) | fjölkyngi |
| sore, boil (n) | kaun |
| sore, painful; wounded (adj) | sárr |
| sore; bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful (adj) | beiskr |
| sore; ill (adj) | van-mátta |
| sorrow, grief (m) | angr |
| sorrow, grief (m) | harmr |
| sorrow, grief, misfortune (n) | bǫl, böl |
| sorrow; be disheartened; weep (v) | syrgja (ð) |
| sorrow; sút leiðar þvengs - winter, 'serpent's sorrow' (f) | sút |
| sorrowful; filled | harmfullr |
| Sotaness (place name) (n) | Sótanes |
| soul (f) | sál, sála |
| sound (crashing sound) | hlǫm |
| sound, safe; hale; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| sound, strait (n) | sund |
| sound; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| sour whey (f) | sýra |
| South | Suðri |
| south (f) | suðr-æt |
| South Rogalanders (m pl) | Suðr-Rygirnir |
| south; southwards (adv) | suðr |
| south-east (n) | land-suðr |
| southern, from the south; fyrir sunnan land - in the south of the land; sunnan af landi - from the south of the land (adv) | sunnan |
| southern; from the south (adv) | suðrœn |
| southerner; German; Saxon (m) | suðr-maðr |
| southernmost, farthest south (adj) | sunnarstr (‡) |
| Southlands, Germany (n pl) | Suðrlönd |
| southwards; down, from above; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; ofan um knappinn - around the staff just below the knob; saar owan ā saar (‡) - wound upon wound; þar á ofan - in addition (adv); | ofan |
| Southwark (place name) (m) | Súðvirki |
| south-west (n) | út-suðr |
| south-west wind (m) | út-synningr |
| sovereign ruler (m) | allvaldr |
| sovereign, sole ruler, monarch (m) | einvaldi |
| sow (v) | sá |
| space (mighty space), abyss, void | ginnung |
| space between fingers or talons (n) | greip |
| space, room; seat; bed (n) | rúm |
| spade, shovel (m) | spaði |
| span, clasp; spenna sik - gird oneself with (v) | spenna (t) |
| span's length (adj) | spannar-langr |
| spar (tacking spar), sailyard (ship/sailing term) | beitiáss |
| spar for bracing sail | lík-sproti |
| spare; spara við - grudge, deny; sparask til - spare oneself for (v) | spara (ð, að) |
| sparrow (m) | spörr |
| speak ill of, blame (v) | lasta |
| speak of, mention; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| speak, converse, discuss (v) | rœða |
| speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| speak, say; tell, tell of; relate; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) | segja (sagða) |
| speak, talk; discuss, converse; tala við - talk with (v) | tala (að) |
| speak; mæla eptir - take up the prosecution for the slaying of _____ ; mæla í gregn - oppose; mæla í lǫgum - declare as law; mæla til - express a wish for, ask for; mæla við - speak to or with; mælask undan - beg to be spared (v) | mæla (t) |
| speak; rœða um - speak about, discuss (v) | rœða (dd) |
| speaker on one's behalf, supporter, advocate | formælandi |
| spear (for throwing), pike, dart, shaft; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) | fleinn |
| spear (m) | darraðr |
| spear throwing; throwing of spears (f) | flein-drífa |
| spear, lance (n) | spjót |
| spear; point of anvil (m) | geirr |
| spears (n pl) | spjǫr |
| speck, spot (m) | flekkr |
| speech, talk; account (n) | tala |
| speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| speech; word; conversation; message; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say(n) | orð |
| speed, swiftness (n) | skjót-fœri |
| speedily, soon (adv) | fljótliga |
| spell, enchantment (m) | seiðr |
| spell, words, tiding (n); tale (pl) | spiall |
| spend; waste; do away with, destroy; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) | eyða (dd) |
| spent; for sale (adj) | falr |
| spike (m) | mann-broddr |
| spike, point of the spear (m) | broddr |
| spin (v) | spinna |
| spirit, breath (m) | andi |
| spirit, creature, being; supernatural being (f) | vættr |
| spirit, soul; life; breath (f) | ǫnd, önd |
| spirit; contest, competition; ardor, courage | kapp |
| spirit; hardihood (m) | krellr |
| spirits (f pl); natural ability; nature, characteristic quality, property (f) | náttúra |
| spiritsoul, life; breath (f) | ǫnd, önd |
| spit, small spit of land running into the sea; gravelly riverbank; sandbank; shoal (f) | eyrr |
| splash against, roar (v) | gnyja |
| splendid; proud (adj) | prúðr |
| splendidly | allvegliga |
| splint, sail pin (later luff) (ship/sailing term) | úfr |
| split (up), cleave (v) | kljúfa |
| split, be cloven (v) | klofna (að) |
| split, make spring apart; spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout (v) | spretta |
| spoiler; spillir bauga - spoiler of rigs, generous prince (m) | spillr |
| spoils taken from the slain (f pl) | wal-rauvaR (‡) |
| spoken too much | full-mælt |
| spoon (brass spoon) (m) | mersin-spónn, mersingar-spón |
| spoon; chip, shaving (m) | spánn |
| sport, game, contest, play; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) | leikr |
| sport, play; move to and fro; be current; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) | leika |
| spot, place; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| spot, speck (m) | flekkr |
| spread, scatter; sprinkle; dreifask - be spread out (v) | dreifa (ð) |
| spread, strew (v) | strá, stráa |
| spread; stretch; display (v) | breiða |
| spring (n) | vár |
| spring assembly (n) | varþing |
| spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) | spretta |
| spring, burst, leap; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) | støkkva |
| spring, fountain (f) | kelda, kiælda |
| spring, jump; issue forth; burst; die from overexertion or grief (v) | springa |
| spring, leap; run; climb; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) | hlaupa |
| spring, roll, fly; snore (v) | hrjóta |
| spring, start; spring up, burst forth; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) | spretta |
| spring; well; burn (m) | brunnr |
| sprinkle; pour; ladle; water; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) | ausa |
| sprinkle; spread, scatter; dreifask - be spread out (v) | dreifa (ð) |
| sprout; spring up, burst forth; start, spring; make spring apart, split (v) | spretta |
| spurn; tread, set one's feet upon; sporna við - resist (v) | sporna (að) |
| spy, look | skoða (að) |
| spy, peer (v) | skyggna (d) |
| spying, scouting, looking out; news (f) | njósn |
| squeeze, twist, wring; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) | vinda |
| squirrel (m) | í korni |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| stab or pierce from all sides; rest; support; provide with supports; use as a support; styðjask við - lean upon (v) | styðja (dd), studdi |
| stab, thrust (v) | stinga |
| stab, thrust, throw; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) | leggja |
| stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| staff (magic staff) or spirit | gandr |
| staff, goad; beam of light (m) | geisl |
| staff, pole, standard-pole (f) | stǫng, stöng |
| stag, hart (m) | hjörtr |
| stain, color (v) | stēna (t) (‡) |
| stain, wet (to wet) (v) | væta (tt) |
| stake of scorn (on which was placed a mutilated mare's head, as part of a curse) (f) | nið-stǫng |
| stake, risk, venture; cease (v) | hætta |
| stake; pole-ladder (m) | kraki |
| stall; perch (for hawks); pedestal (m) | stallr |
| stallion, horse (m) | hestr |
| stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| stand in ranks; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| stand motionless, hover; remain silent | þruma (ð) |
| stand; staa atir - remain (v) | staa (‡) |
| standard-pole(f) | merkis-stǫng |
| standard-pole, pole, staff (f) | stǫng, stöng |
| standing firm | støðr (‡) |
| stanza, verse (f) | vísa |
| star (f) | stiarna |
| star (f) | stjarna |
| starboard side (m) | stjórn-borði |
| start, spring; spring up, burst forth; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) | spretta |
| startled (adj) | bilt |
| starvation (f) | seyra |
| starve, suffer hunger; die (of starvation); svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (v) | svelta |
| starving, hungry (adj) | soltinn |
| state, condition, affairs, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) | hagr |
| state, condition; reason; material (n) | efni |
| statement (favorable statement), esteem, warm regard | líknstafr |
| stature, size, growth; shape, form (m) | vǫxtr, vöxtr |
| staunch, well-prepared, well-knit (adj) | harðsnúinn |
| stay (ship/sailing term) | stag |
| stay, dwell, abide, live at; enjoy, be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) | una |
| stay, remain; sit; reside; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) | sitja |
| stay, remain; stand (firm); stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| stay; be delayed (v) | dveljask (dvalðisk) |
| stay; be; last; be done; happen; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) | vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡) |
| stay; food; food and lodging, provisions; abode; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) | vist |
| stay-at-home (m) | heimdragi |
| staying; placed, present; situated; staddr við - present | staddr |
| stead, parcel of land; place, spot; abode, dwelling; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| steal, rob, rob one of (v) | stela |
| steed (m) | goti |
| steed, horse; sea (m) | marr |
| steed; Gjalpar skær - wolf, 'horse of Gjalp' | skær |
| steel; steeled weapon (n) | stál |
| steep (adj) | brattr |
| steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| Stein (place name) Stone (m) | Steinn |
| Steinbjorn, Stone-Bear (personal name) (m) | Steinbjörn |
| stem of a ship, usually the prow; stern; með stǫfnum - from stem to stern (ship/sailing term) (m) | stafn |
| stem of wood, pole; troða marglóðar - lady | troða |
| stengthening (f) | styrkilse (‡) |
| step (as measure), foot; pace (n) | fet |
| step quickly, twist (v) | snara |
| step, foothold; track, trail, footprint; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) | spor |
| step, walk; tread; stíga á hest - mount a horse; stífa af hesti, stíga af baki - dismount a horse; stíga storum - take long steps; stíga fram - step forward; stíga í - step on or into; stíga upp á stokk ǫðrum fœti - set one foot up on the planking-beam (v) | stíga |
| step; proceed in, begin to (v) | feta |
| step; raised platform along the side(s) of a hall (m) | pallr |
| stepper, strider, pacer (name for a horse) (n) | feti |
| stern (high decked part of stern); poop-deck (f) (ship/sailing term) | lypting |
| stern; stem of a ship, usually the prow; með stǫfnum - from stem to stern (ship/sailing term) (m) | stafn |
| steward (m) | ármaðr |
| stick of wood (f) | stikkæ |
| stick, wooden staff; pole, timber; crozier (m) | stafr |
| stick; ski; snow-skate; wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) | skíð |
| stick; stand (firm); stay, remain; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| stick-gazer, miser (nickname) (m) | stikubligr |
| stiff, rigid; harsh, severe (adj) | stirðr |
| stiff, unbending, strong (adj) | stinnr |
| still | eðr |
| still; also; yet; further; again; moreover; even (adv) | enn |
| stinginess (m) | hodd-dofi |
| stingy, thin nose | mjonefr |
| stinkfart | meinfretr |
| stipulate; say, tell; segja frá - tell of, relate; segja til - inform on; give information of; segja til sin - tell one's name; segja upp - declare, pronounce; segisk þar vílja vera - he says he wishes to stay there (v) | segja |
| stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; formula; charm (m) | formáli |
| stir, move (v) | bragða (að) |
| stir, move (v) | hreyfa |
| stir, move (v) | hrœra (ð) |
| stirrup (n) | stig-ræip (‡) |
| stocking, sock; einir sokkar - pair of socks (m) | sokkr |
| stomach | magi |
| stone ([poetic] precious stone), jewel; stone, rock; cave or stone dwelling (m) | steinn |
| stone (memorial stone) | bautarsteinn |
| stone implements (n) | stein-smíði |
| stone, rock, boulder; cliff; crag; mountain (n) | bjarg |
| stone, rock; cave or stone dwelling; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) | steinn |
| stones (n) | grjót |
| stony, rocky (adj) | grýttr, gryttr |
| stool, chair; bishop's see; king's throne or residence (m) | stóll, stōll (‡) |
| stop, cease; lift; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) | létta |
| stop, halt (v) | stǫðva |
| stop, rest; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| stop, slow (v) | dvelja |
| stop; fix, settle (v) | steðja |
| store, great number; multitude, plenty of (f) | fjölð |
| storm (m) | stormr |
| storm (passing storm), shower; hailstorm (n) | él |
| storm and rain, storm (n) | hregg |
| storm tree (m) | él-þollr |
| storm, storm and rain (n) | hregg |
| storm; time, while; attack, battle; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) | hríð |
| storm; weather; wind (n) | veðr |
| story, tale; speech, talk; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| story; history; what is said, saga, legend; saga til - a story about (f) | saga |
| stout of frame (adj) | þrek-ligr |
| stout of heart (adj) | þrek-mikill |
| stoutly (adv) | harðfengiliga |
| stove room, a room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskáli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held; sitting room (f) | stofa |
| straight, right, correct; just, fair; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) | réttr |
| strained, thin, stretched (adj) | þunnr |
| strait, sound (n) | sund |
| strake, board, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) | borð |
| stranding of a whale (f) | hvalkváma |
| strange thing; news (f) | ný-lunda |
| strange, wondrous (adj) | kyn-ligr |
| strange, wondrous (adj) | undar-ligr |
| strangely, wondrously (adv) | undar-liga |
| strapped | fatlaþR (‡) |
| stratum, position, layer; stab, thrust; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| straw (m) | hálmr |
| stream (mid.), flow; pour; sprinkle; ladle; water; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) | ausa |
| stream, brook (m) | lœkr |
| strengthen (v) | størkla (t) |
| strength (full development of strength) (m) | þroski |
| strength (m) | kraptr |
| strength, fortitude (n) | þrek |
| strength, might (f) | orka |
| strength; assistance (m) | styrkr |
| strength; might, power, ability; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) | megin |
| strength; physical strength, might, power; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) | afl |
| strengthen; fasten; learn by heart; bite, take effect on; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) | festa (t) |
| stretch out one's hand | seilask (d) |
| stretch up or out, reach; raise; put right; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) | rétta (tt) |
| stretch; spread; display (v) | breiða |
| stretched, thin, strained (adj) | þunnr |
| strew, spread (v) | strá, stráa |
| strider, stepper, pacer (name for a horse) (n) | feti |
| strife; war, hostility (m) | ó-friðr |
| strike (a blow); cut, chop, hack, hew; behead; slaughter; carve; hǫggva til - strike (at); hǫggva í - smite against or into, cleave (v) | höggva, hǫggva |
| strike against, reach, touch; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; begin (with infin.); undertake; choose; accept, receive; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| strike down, fell (v) | nidher-slā (‡) |
| strike, beat, smite, beat; berjask - fight (v) | berja (barði, bariðr) |
| strike, smite; forge; mow, cut grass; slá hring - form a ring; slá beizli við (hest) - to bridle a horse; sló ótta yfir - fear fell upon him (v) | slá |
| strike, smite; kill, slay; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) | drepa |
| strike; ljósta í hel - strike dead (v) | ljósta |
| strike; maim; break; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) | lemja |
| striking distance, reach of the sword (n) | hǫgg-fœri |
| string tight; fasten; swear solemnly; strengja heit - make a solemn vow (v) | strengja (ð, d) |
| strip (of clothes and of money); flay; skin (v) | flá |
| strip (v) | fletta |
| strive hard; contend (v) | þreyta (tt) |
| stroke, rub, wipe; caress; smooth, brush (v) | strjúka |
| strong (adj) | krǫptugr |
| strong (adj) | rammligr |
| strong (adj) | stark (‡), starkir (‡) |
| strong (adj) | sterkr |
| strong in battle | rōg-starkr (‡) |
| strong of heart; dauntless (adj) | hraustligr |
| strong, mighty (adj) | þróttigr |
| strong, powerful | ǫflugr |
| strong, powerful; doughty (adj) | þrúðugr |
| strong, stiff, unbending (adj) | stinnr |
| strong; mighty, powerful; rammr at afli - extremely strong (adj) | rammr |
| stronghold (n) | virki |
| stronghold, castle, fortress; town; funeral pyre (f) | borg |
| strongly (adv) | sterkliga |
| strongly, fast, hard; firmly; certainly (adv) | fast |
| struggle; exert oneself; press, urge on, compel, force; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) | knyja, knýja |
| struggle; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| struggle; pull (f) | svipting |
| stud (of horses) (n) | stóð |
| stud-horse; mare (n) | stóð-hross |
| stuff, cloth; mailcoat (n) | skrúð |
| stumble, rush (v) | rasa (að) |
| stupid, deaf-mute (adj) | daufi |
| sturdy, vigorous, brave (adj) | röskr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| subdue, oppress (v) | thwingæ (‡) |
| subject (m) | undir-dāne (‡) |
| subject; freeman; a good man; servant (m) | þegn |
| subject; track; conduct, deeds; condition (n) | far |
| substantial, lasting, ample; verða drúgari - be of more avail; drjúgt manna - a good number of men (adj); drjúgjum - greatly (adv) | drjúgr |
| succeed; listen to, hear; (impers.) be allowable; hlýðir - one endures (v) | hlýða (dd) |
| success, fame, growth; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability (m) | frami |
| success; progress (f) | framkvæmd |
| success; raising up (f) | upp-reist |
| such (adj) | slíkr |
| such (adj) | því-líkr |
| such, similar | thō-līkr (‡) |
| sudden, hasty, impatient; hot-tempered (adj) | bráðr |
| suddenly (adv) | skjótt |
| suddenly, soon; brátt er - as soon as (adv) | brátt |
| suffer hunger; starve; die (of starvation); svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (v) | svelta |
| suffer on account of; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for (v) | gjalda |
| suffer, endure; tolerate (v) | þola, þula (‡) |
| suffer, receive; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) | fara |
| suffer, undergo; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| suffer; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| sufficient, enough (adj) | œrinn |
| sufficiently (adv) | nógu |
| sufficiently (adv) | ýrit |
| sufficiently, overly, very; enough (adv) | œrit |
| suffocate from smoke (v) | svæla (d) |
| suit at the Thing (f) | þing-deila |
| suitable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) | hœgr |
| suited for, be suitable for; mean, bode (v) | gegna (d) |
| summer; um sumarit - in the summer; hvert sumar - every summer (m) | sumar |
| summit, top; head (m) | kollr |
| summon, call upon; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| summon, call, call together; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at (v) | stefna (d) |
| summon, draw; recover; claim; get back (v) | heimta (t) |
| summon; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| summoning-days, days assigned by law on which summoning was to be done (m pl) | stefnu-dagr |
| summons; direction, course; meeting; appointment (f) | stefna |
| summons; feast, festival; battle (n) | bǫð, boð |
| sun (f) | sól |
| sun (f) | sunna |
| sun (m) | rǫðull |
| sun tracking (following the course of the sun (adv) | sólar-sinnis |
| Sunnudal (place name) (m) | Sunnudalr |
| sunset (f) | sól-bjǫrg |
| sunset (n) | sólar-setr |
| sunshine (n) | sólskin |
| superior (one's superior in power) (m) | ofreflis-maðr |
| superiors, lords (m pl) | iwir-mænn (‡) |
| supernatural being; creature, being; spirit (f) | vættr |
| supernatural strength; strength; might, power, ability; side(s) (n) | megin |
| superstition, heathenism (f) | hindrvitni |
| supper; náttverðr ara - the slain, 'the eagle's-supper' (m) | nátt-verðr |
| supplies (n pl) | viðfǫng |
| supplies; provisions | atdráttr |
| supply (v) | birgja |
| supply of food (m pl) | mat-fǫng |
| support (v) | fœða |
| support, aid; make, perform; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) | efla |
| support, help, protection, confidence (n) | traust |
| support, help; guidance; party, followers; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) | fylgð |
| support; help (f) | lið-veizla |
| support; rest; provide with supports; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) | styðja (dd), studdi |
| supporter, advocate, speaker on one's behalf | formælandi |
| supporter; benefactor (m) | styrktar-maðr |
| suppose, guess, think; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| surface of the earth, earth; ground, bottom; broad surface | grund |
| surge of sea; heavy sea; flood (m) | sævar-gangr |
| surpass, exceed; increase, augment; add; aukaþis - multiplied (v) | auka |
| Surt, the lord of Múspelheimr (m) | Surtr |
| suspect; mik grunar - I suspect, I fancy (v) | gruna |
| suspicion | grunr |
| Svafrlami (personal name), first owner of the cursed sword named Tyrfing | Svafrlami |
| Svart (personal name) Black (m) | Svartr |
| Svartalfheim (place name, mythological) world of the dark elves (m) | Svartálfrheimr |
| Sviur (personal name) | Svíurr |
| Svivor, a giantess killed by Thor (f) | Svívör |
| swallow (v) | gleypa (t) |
| swallow (v) | svala |
| swallow, take a deep draft (v) | svelga |
| swamp, moor, bog; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) | myrr, mýrr |
| swampy, soft patch of ground (f) | bleyta |
| swan (f) | álpt |
| swarthy, blackish (adj) | sámr |
| swear (an oath) (v) | sverja (svarði) |
| swear solemnly; fasten; string tight; strengja heit - make a solemn vow (v) | strengja (ð, d) |
| sweat, blood (m) | sveiti |
| Sweden (f) | Svíþjóð |
| Swedes (m pl) | Svíar |
| Swedish (adj); Swede | Sœnskr |
| sweep (v) | sópa |
| sweep, swing, blow (f) | svipan |
| sweep; throw, fling; reef (sails) (ship/sailing term) (v) | svipta (t) |
| sweep; wrap, encircle; swing (v) | sveipa (ð, að) |
| sweet; beloved (adj) | sváss |
| swell, rise high (v) | svella |
| swift (adj) | skjót-ligr |
| swift of foot (adj) | fót-hvatr |
| swift, bold, keen; liberal, open-handed (adj) | ǫrr (van) |
| swift, fleeing; sem fljótast - at once (adj) | fljótr |
| swift, quick; sem skjótast - as soon as possible, straightaway (adj) | skjótr |
| swift; fresh (adj) | hraðr |
| swift; wise (adj) | svinnr |
| swiftly (adv) | fráliga |
| swiftly (adv) | skjót-liga |
| swiftness, speed (n) | skjót-fœri |
| swim (v) | svima, svimma |
| swing, blow, sweep (f) | svipan |
| swing, turn; twist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) | vinda |
| swing, wave (v) | veifa |
| swing; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| swing; swing up, raise; reiða fram - swing down, strike a blow; reiddi sik - threw himself (v) | reiða (dd) |
| swing; wrap, encircle; sweep (v) | sveipa (ð, að) |
| switch (m) | svigi |
| sword | hjǫrr |
| sword (m) | hjálmrǫðull |
| sword (n) | sverð |
| sword (short sword), cleaver (f) | skálm |
| sword age (the age of the sword) (f) | skálm-ǫld |
| sword components; efra hjaltit - pommel of the sword; fremra hjaltit - sword guard; (n) | hjalt |
| sword of ice, the gleaming sword | fetils svell |
| sword point (m) | blóð-refill |
| sword reach, striking distance (n) | hǫgg-fœri |
| sword with golden hilt (m) | gullin-hjalti |
| sword; mækis á - stream of swords, advance of those carrying swords or blood (m) | mækir |
| sword-play (m) | hjǫrleikr |
| sword's edge (f) | sverðsegg |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t to u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| table laid with food (n) | mat-borð |
| table; board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) | borð |
| taciturn (adj) | hljóðlyndr |
| taciturn, silent, reserved (adj) | fálátr |
| tack (ship/sailing term) | hals |
| tackle, rigging; harness, trappings; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) | reiði |
| tail (f) | roppa |
| tail; shield tail, lower pointed end of a shield (m) | sporðr |
| take a good turn, bid fair; Þjálfa var eigi vænt - Þjalfa could not be expected; venna - more likely, probable, vænstr - most likely (v) | vænkask |
| take a sip; sip, drink (v) | súpa |
| take care of (v) | annask |
| take care of; guard, attend to, tend, watch over; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) | gæta (tt) |
| take effect on, bite; fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) | festa (t) |
| take into consideration; look; see; seem; regard; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) | líta |
| take place; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| take place; go, walk; advance; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) | ganga |
| take possession of; attribute, dedicate; eignask - get, claim, take, become the owner of | eigna (að) |
| take up a position; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| take, bring, get; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| take, get, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| take; have; hold, keep, possess; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| take; take possession of; catch, strike against; amount to; claim land; hear; learn; deprive one of a thing; nema af - abolish; nema frá - except, exempt; nema land - take possession of land as a settler; neima stað (or staðar) - halt (v) | nema |
| taking up of weapons at the end of the assembly (n) | vápna-tak |
| tale (pl); spell, words, tiding (n) | spiall |
| tale, short story, 'strand' of rope or yarn (m) | þáttr |
| tale, story; speech, talk; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| talent, ability, accomplishment; at atgørvi in ability (esp physical) (f and n) | atgørvi |
| talisman, charms (n pl) | taufr |
| talk, conversation (f) | rœða |
| talk, discussion (f) | um-rœða |
| talk, parley, conversation; consultation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) | tal |
| talk, speak; discuss, converse; tala við - talk with (v) | tala (að) |
| talk, speech; account (n) | tala |
| talk, speech; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) | mál |
| tall, high, lofty; loud (adj) | hár |
| taller (adj) | hærre (‡) |
| tame; train, exercise (v) | temja |
| task, work (f) | iðja |
| taunt; fryja hugar - questions one's courage (v) | fryja (ð) |
| taunt; sneer at; slice; glance off (v) | sneiða (dd) |
| tax (land tax or property tax) (f) | landskyld |
| tax paid by Icelanders to the king upon arrival in Norway; land-dues (m pl) | landaurar |
| tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate); reason; sake (f) | skyld |
| tax, tribute (m) | scattr (‡), skat (‡) |
| tax, tribute (m) | skattr |
| tax; tribute; payment; reward; compensation; wergild (n) | gjald |
| taxes, dues (n pl) | álög |
| team of work-horses, work-horses (n pl) | øk (‡) |
| tear (n) | tár |
| tear, rip (v) | rífa |
| tear; break; rend; snap; slitit er þínginu - the assembly is ended; þar til er ór slítr - until it is quite finished (v) | slíta |
| tear; loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| tedious; slow; late (adj) | seinn |
| Teit (personal name) | Teitr |
| tell a lie, lie; fail; false (v) | ljúga |
| tell of, relate; obtain, beget, persuade, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| tell, recite; say; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; (v) | telja (talða) |
| tell, say; stipulate; segja frá - tell of, relate; segja til - inform on; give information of; segja til sin - tell one's name; segja upp - declare, pronounce; segisk þar vílja vera - he says he wishes to stay there (v) | segja |
| tell, tell of; say, speak; relate; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) | segja (sagða) |
| tell; relate; accomplish; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v) | inna |
| temper (n) | lyndis-bragð |
| temper, mind; manner; mood; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) | lund |
| temple (n) | goðahús |
| temple (n) | wē (‡) |
| temple, sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), (stone) altar | hǫrgr |
| temple; farm, farmstead (n) | hof |
| temporary dwelling, booth (f) | buð |
| ten, decade (m num) | tigr |
| ten; hálfa fjórði tøgr - half the fourth ten, thirty-five (num) | tøgr |
| ten; tiu tigir - a hundred (num) | tíu, tiu |
| tend, guard, attend to, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) | gæta (tt) |
| tendon, hamstring sinew | hásin |
| tent, canopy; pavilion; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) | tjald |
| tented; with its awning up | tjaldat |
| tenth (ord num) | tīonde (‡) |
| tentpole (debated) | tjaldáss? |
| terrible (adj) | megin-grimmr |
| terrible (most terrible) (adj) | all-ógurligr |
| terrible, awful (adj) | ógurligr |
| terrible, fierce, aggressive (adj) | atall |
| terrible, fiery (adj) | ǫndóttr |
| terrible, loathsome | ámáttr |
| terribly | furðuliga |
| terribly; fiercely (adv) | harðliga |
| terror, fear (f) | hræzla |
| terrorize; intimidate; 'helm of terror'; bera œgishjálm yfir - intimidate, terrorize (m) | œgis-hjálmr |
| test; trial (f) | raun |
| test; try; make trial of; put to the test (v) | freista (st) |
| testicle (n) | eista |
| Thames river (f) | Temps |
| than; fyr þan (‡) - before, until | þan |
| Thangbrand (personal name) | Þangbrandr |
| thank (v) | þakka |
| thanks (f) | þǫkk, þökk, þokk |
| that (conj) | at |
| that (one); þeir/þær/þau - they; those (ones) (m) | þeim |
| that, as if; who; which; as; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| that, the; sá er - he who (pron and art) | sá |
| that, who | thær (‡) |
| that, who, which; when; where; as; redundant; is (conj) | er |
| thatch, roof (f) | þekja |
| the (art) | inn, in, it |
| the, that; sá er - he who (pron and art) | sá |
| their, his, her, its (pron) | sinn |
| their; they (pron) | þeira |
| Thekk (personal name), Known | þeccr |
| then, at that time; þá ok þá - at nearly every moment (adv) | þá |
| there (to there), thither (motion toward); þangat til - till that time; þangat til er - until; (adv) | þangat |
| there; since; although; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) | þar |
| therefore, thus; for this reason; because of this; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because(conj) | því |
| they; their (pron) | þeira |
| they; those (ones) (f pl) | þær |
| they; those (ones) (n pl pron) | þau |
| they; those (ones) (pron pl) | þeir, þē(r) (‡), þair (‡) |
| thick, close; sem þykkvast - as close as possible (adj) | þykkr (van) |
| thickly (adv) | þykkt |
| Thidrandi (personal name) (m) | Þiðrandi |
| thief (m) | þjófr |
| thief's eyes (n pl) | þjófsaugu |
| thigh (n) | þjó |
| thigh-bone | lær-leggr |
| thin (adj) | magr (ran) |
| thin at the end, gera endamjótt við - leave in the lurch | enda-mjór |
| thin nose, stingy | mjonefr |
| thin, stretched, strained (adj) | þunnr |
| thine, thy, of you; your (pron) | þinn |
| thing, part, piece; portion; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) | hlutr |
| thingman, the follower of an Icelandic chieftain, liegeman who goes with his goþi to the þing (m) | þing-maðr |
| Thing-Plain (place name); ground where the þing is held, assembly-field (m) | þing-vǫllr |
| things in charge; keeping (f) | varð-veizla |
| think (seem to one); seem, be thought; þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk - seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) | þykkja (þótti) |
| think out, excogitate (v) | huga (að) |
| think over, consider; determine (v) | hugsa (að) |
| think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) | hyggja (hugði, hugaðr) |
| think, consider (to be); expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) | ætla |
| think, guess, suppose; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) | geta |
| third (ord num) | þriði |
| Third, one of the three interrogators of King Gylfi (m) | Þriði |
| third; third part; riding (m) | þriðjungr |
| thirsty (adj) | þyrstr |
| thirteen (num); þrettándi - thirteenth (ord num) | þrettán |
| thirteenth (ord num) | þrettāundi (‡) |
| thirty (num) | þrír tigir |
| this | sjá |
| this (one); that; the; the other one; á hinn fótinn - on the other foot (prep) | hinn |
| this (pron) | sá-si |
| this world (n) | iord-rīke (‡) |
| this, the; þæn sum - one who, such as (pron) | þæn (‡), thæn (‡) |
| this, these (pron) | þessi |
| thither (motion toward), to there; þangat til - till that time; þangat til er - until; (adv) | þangat |
| thither, in that way (adv) | þannig |
| thong, lace; leiðar þvengr - serpent, 'thong of the road' (m) | þvengr |
| Thor (poetic) (m) | Hlórriði |
| Thor, god of thunder, husband of Sif, son of Odin and Earth (m) | þórr |
| Thor’s girdle of strength | megin-gjarðar |
| Thord (personal name) (m) | þórðr |
| Thordis (personal name) (m) | þórdis |
| Thorfast (personal name) (m) | þorfastr |
| Thorgeir (pesonal name); þorgeirr flöskubakr - Thorgeir Flask-Back (m) | þorgeirr |
| Thorgerd (personal name) (f) | þorgerðr |
| Thorgils (personal name); þorgils þorsteinssonar - Thorgils, son of Thorstein (m) | þorgils |
| Thorgrim (personal name) (m) | þorgrímr |
| Thorin (personal name) (m) | þorinn |
| Thorir (personal name) (m) | þórir |
| Thorith (personal name) (m) | þóríðr |
| Thorkel (personal name); þorkell Geitisson - Thorkel, son of Geitir (m) | þorkell |
| Thorlak (personal name) (m) | þorlákr |
| Thorolf (personal name) (m) | þórólf |
| thoroughly; truly (adv) | trú-liga |
| Thorsteinn (personal name); þorstein hviti - Thorsteinn the White (m) | þorsteinn |
| those (ones); they (f pl) | þær |
| those (ones); they (n pl pron) | þau |
| those (ones); they (pron pl) | þeir, þē(r) (‡), þair (‡) |
| thou art, you are | þú'st, þú est |
| thou, you (pron) | þú |
| though, even if; seeing that (adv) | þótt, þó at |
| thought, intellect, mind | hyggiandi |
| thoughtful (adj) | hugall |
| thousand, usually a long thousand (twelve hundred) (f) | þúsund |
| Thrain (personal name) | þráinn |
| thrall, slave (m) | þræll |
| thralls, house-folk (n) | man |
| thrashing, beating; fight, battle (m) | bardagi |
| threaten (v) | hœta |
| threaten; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) | bjóða |
| three (num) | thré (‡) |
| three (num) | þrír |
| three years old | þré-vetr (ran) |
| thrice (num) | þrysvar |
| thrive, grow (big), increase (v) | þróask (að) |
| throat (f) | óst |
| throne or residence for a king; stool, chair; bishop's see (m) | stóll, stōll (‡) |
| throne, high-seat, seat of honor (n) | hásæti |
| throng (v) | drif |
| Thror (personal name) (m) | þrór |
| Throst (personal name) (m) | Þröstr |
| through, across; over; for; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) | of |
| through, past, throughout; over, across; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| throughout, past, through; over, across; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) | um |
| throw a funeral feast; inherit; commemorate with a funeral feast (v) | erfa (ð) |
| throw down; totter, fall in ruin; steypask útan borðs - leap overboard; stœyptuz ór brynium - they threw off their mail-coats (v) | steypa |
| throw into disorder, upset; róta í sundr - knock apart (v) | róta (að) |
| throw, cast (v) | kasta (að) |
| throw, cast; deal out; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) | verpa |
| throw, fling; sweep; reef (sails) (ship/sailing term) (v) | svipta (t) |
| throw, fling; wind about (v) | slyngva, slungnir |
| throw, stab, thrust; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction (v) | leggja |
| throw; shoot; hop; launch (boat); roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) | skjóta |
| throwing of spears; spear throwing (f) | flein-drífa |
| thrown down; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; just off, near to (adv) | undan |
| thrust, stab (v) | stinga |
| thrust, stab, throw; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction (v) | leggja |
| thrust, stab; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) | lag |
| thrusting (of spears); weaving; web (in the loom) (m) | vefr |
| thrusting-spear (m) | atgeirr |
| Thrymr, lord among the giants (m) | Þrymr |
| thumb (m) | þumall |
| thumb (of a glove) (m) | þumlungr |
| thunder, din, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) | dynja |
| thunder, resound (v) | þrymja |
| Thursday (m) | Thōrs-dagher (‡) |
| Thurvi (personal name) (f) | þurvi |
| thus, so | sō (‡) |
| thus, so, in this way; also; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) | svá |
| thus, therefore; for this reason; because of this; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because(conj) | því |
| Thvinnill (personal name), name of a Viking (m) | Þvinnill |
| thwart, bench (rowing bench) (ship/sailing term) | þopta |
| thy, thine, of you; your (pron) | þinn |
| Thyri (personal name) | Þyri |
| tide, flood (n) | flóð |
| tiding, spell, words (n); tale (pl) | spiall |
| tidings, news; events; verða tíðendi, vera (or bera) til tíðinda - come to pass, happen (n pl) | tíðendi, tíðindi |
| tidy, smooth, even out, trim; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) | jafna (að) |
| tie, bind, fasten; dress; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) | binda |
| tiller (ship/sailing term) | hjölm |
| timber, beam, pole; ship | áss |
| timber, build, construct (v) | timbra (að) |
| timber, pole; wooden staff, stick; crozier (m) | stafr |
| timber; tree; beam; forest; wood (m) | viðr |
| time (a short time ago) | fyrir stundu |
| time (f) | tíð |
| time (of repetition), occasion; at sinni - for the present; eigi optar at sinni - not more than once; eitt sinn - one time; einu sinni - once, for once; hvert sinn - every (n) | sinn(i) |
| time to rise, rise time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 a.m. (n) | rísmál |
| time, age; life; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) | ævi |
| time, days, daylight hours (m pl); day, daylight, dawn (m); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time | dagr |
| time, meal-time; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; case; cause (n) | mál |
| time, while; storm; attack, battle; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) | hríð |
| time; age; [poetic] man (f); mankind, humanity, world; human beings, men (f pl) | ǫld, öld |
| time; occasion; um tíma - for any time (m) | tími, t(h)īme (‡) |
| time; period of time; hour; a while, a time; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) | stund |
| timid, gutless, 'without fortitude', pithless (adj) | þrek-lauss |
| timidly (adv) | óframliga |
| tinder, belt of tinder or amadou ("tinder fungus", useful for starting slow-burning fires) (m) | hnjósku-lindi |
| tired, weary; fury, wrath (m) | móðr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t to u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| to(wards) the house; home; homeward (adv) | heim |
| to, (of time) until, up to the time; in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| to, towards; onto, on; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| toast (usually in honor of the dead), memorial cup (n) | minni |
| toe (f) | tá |
| Tofa (personal name) | Tófa |
| together (adj) | ásamt |
| together (adv) | saman |
| toil; trouble, effort (n) | erfiði |
| token of peace (n) | friðar-tákn |
| token, evidence, proof (of a thing) (n) | jartegn |
| token, sign (n) | tēkn (‡) |
| token, sign; lítit mark at - of little account (m) | mark |
| tolerate; suffer, endure (v) | þola, þula (‡) |
| toll (heavy penalty or toll); payment, tribute | afráð |
| toll (m) | tuldr (‡) |
| toll paid on departure (m pl) | brut-pæningar |
| tong | tǫng |
| tongue; language; tongue of land at the meeting of two rivers (f) | tunga |
| too (adv) | of |
| too long | of-længi (‡) |
| too, very (adv) | til |
| tool | tól |
| tooth (f) | tǫnn, tönn |
| top, crown; put a top on; um hǫfuð typpa - wind a headdress on the head (v) | typpa |
| top, summit; head (m) | kollr |
| Toptavallr (place name) (m) | Toptavöllr |
| torn piece, rag (n) | slitri |
| toss (v) | dúði |
| toss, shake (v) | dyja (dúði) |
| Tosti (personal name) | Tósti |
| touch or feel with one's hand; þreifask - fumble, grope (v) | þreifa (að) |
| touch, reach; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| touch; concern (v) | snerta |
| towards, manner, meeting; þar í móti - opposing him; í móti ar fara út - against going out (n) | mót |
| towards, to; onto, on; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| towel | þerra |
| tower (v) | gnæfa |
| tower, rise high (v) | gnæfa (ð) |
| town; castle, fortress, stronghold; funeral pyre (f) | borg |
| town; farmhouse, farmstead; farm, landed estate (m) | bœr |
| townsman; garrisoned soldier (m) | borgarmaðr |
| trace (of harness), harness (m) | skökull |
| trace, rope (n) | reip |
| trace, track (v) | rekja |
| trace; count, reckon; consider, conclude; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; (v) | telja (talða) |
| trace; likelihood (n pl) | líkindi |
| track, trace (v) | rekja |
| track, trail, footprint; step, foothold; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) | spor |
| track; subject; conduct, deeds; condition (n) | far |
| trade goods, wares, articles of trade (m) | kaupeyrir |
| trader, merchant (m) | kaupmaðr |
| trader, merchant, seaman, seafarer, sailor (m) | farmaðr |
| trail, track, footprint; step, foothold; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) | spor |
| train, exercise; tame (v) | temja |
| train; accustom; af venjask - cease one's customary practice (v) | venja |
| tramp, beggar (m) | staf-karl |
| transverse partition, near the entrance of the hall (n) | þver-þili |
| trap, rope (?) (f) | festr |
| trappings, harness; rigging, tackle; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) | reiði |
| travel about, rove; fall down (v) | rata (að) |
| travel, go, move; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) | fara |
| traveling provisions, provisions (n) | nest |
| travels to the east (f) | austrför |
| treacherous, false (adj) | flár |
| tread, set one's feet upon; spurn; sporna við - resist (v) | sporna (að) |
| tread; walk, go; cram, pack; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) | troða |
| treading (f); lane between fences (f pl) | trǫð |
| treason (n pl) | svik |
| treasure (f) | gørsimi |
| treasure (m) | ǫuðr (‡) |
| treasure, necklace, jewel (n); jewels, treasures (n pl) | men |
| treasure, wealth, riches; precious objects | auðr |
| treasures (f pl) | meiðmar |
| treasury; wardrobe (n) | fata-búr (‡) |
| treaty; right, lawful claim; cause, condition; law (m) | réttr |
| tree (m) | baðmr |
| tree (the ash Yggdrasil); post, pillar; beam | þollr |
| tree which measures extent or limits of the world, tree which metes out fate; Measure-tree: well-proportioned tree | miǫtviðr |
| tree; beam; forest; wood; timber (m) | viðr |
| tree; fir tree (m) | þollr |
| tree; oak; ship (f) | eik |
| tree; wood; log, beam (n) | tré |
| tree-trunk, pole | meiðr |
| tree-trunk; ghost, 'undead man' (m) | draugr |
| tremble, shake (v) | skjólfa |
| tremble, shake, quake, move, be moved; march (v) | bifask (ð, að) |
| trench; cutting, slice; flensing of a whale (m) | skurðr |
| trend, flow; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| trial of strength (f) | afl-raun |
| tribute (m) | skat (‡) |
| tribute, payment due, offerings or compensation; feast; guild; recompense, return (n) | gildi |
| tribute, payment; heavy penalty or toll | afráð |
| tribute, tax (m) | scattr (‡), skat (‡) |
| tribute, tax (m) | skattr |
| tribute; payment; reward; tax; compensation; wergild (n) | gjald |
| trick, betray (v) | tæla |
| tricking, deception (f) | ginning |
| trifle (n) | lítilræði |
| trim, smooth, even out, tidy; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) | jafna (að) |
| troll (n) | trǫll |
| troll; troll-kind (n) | gífr |
| troop, host of warriors; folk, people, men; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) | fólk, folk |
| troop; band, company; region; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) | sveit |
| troops, army, host; great number (m) | herr |
| troops; people; band of men, host; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) | lið |
| troop-slaying, war, battle (between armies) | fólcvíg |
| troth, good faith (f) | trúa |
| trouble | víl |
| trouble, difficulty (n) | erfiðr |
| trouble, difficulty (n) | vand-ræði |
| trouble, effort; toil (n) | erfiði |
| trouble, work (n) | starf |
| troublesome, difficult (adj) | erfiðr |
| trough (n) | trog |
| true | saðr |
| true of word | haldorðr |
| true saying (f) | san-saghæ (‡) |
| true, safe, trusty (adj) | tryggr (van) |
| true; it sanna - the truth; at sǫnnu - in truth; til sanns - of a truth (adj) | sannr, saðr |
| truly (adv) | sannliga |
| truly; thoroughly (adv) | trú-liga |
| trumpet (m) | lúðr (rs) |
| trust, have faith; believe; trúa afli - trust in one's might (v) | trúa (ð), trōa (‡) |
| trust, rely on (v) | hlíta |
| trusty, safe, secure (adj) | ør-uggr |
| trusty, safe, true (adj) | tryggr (van) |
| trusty; safe (adj) | trúr |
| truth (n pl) | sannindi |
| try to decide, consider (v) | íhuga |
| try to go, go; seek, search for; find; see; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) | leita (að) |
| try, prove; experience; reyna ilt af - meet with evil at the hands of; reyndr vas flestr - most were put to the test; be proved; reynt er - trial has been made; be proved (v) | reyna (d) |
| try; make trial of; test; put to the test (v) | freista (st) |
| tub, vessel (n) | kar |
| tumble, fall (v) | hrata (að) |
| tumble, go flying; reek, smoke (v) | rjúka |
| tunic, kirtle (m) | kyrtill |
| turbulent river, Ale-Force (foaming waterfall) River | Ǫlfossá |
| turf (n) | torf |
| turf knoll in the middle of barren ground (f) | mel-torfa |
| turn or shift of luck, difference in fortune (m) | gæfumunr |
| turn out, become, happen; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| turn out, happen; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) | fara |
| turn out; go, walk; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) | ganga |
| turn to; go in a certain direction; advance; aim at; call, call together, summon (v) | stefna (d) |
| turn, alter, change; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) | bregða |
| turn, move; víkjask við - respond; take action; þat víksk eigi - that is certain; nú víkr sögunni - now the saga shifts (v) | víkja |
| turn, swing; twist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) | vinda |
| turn; disappear; be lost, be missing; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) | hverfa |
| turn; twist, tie; turn; go; plait; direct; snúa til - commit to; snúa undan skipi - turn one's ship to flee (ship/sailing term); snúin þar fyrir speld - protected with shutters; snúask aptir - turn back; snúa at - turn on one; snúask fram - go forth; snúask í - fall into (a fury); snúask til - turn oneself into; turn to; snúask til ferðar - set out on a journey (v) | snúa |
| turned in a certain direction; gaze; look (in a particular direction); horfa á - look at; hversu horfir - what turn things have taken (v) | horfa |
| turret (ship/sailing term) | viðu-hús |
| on two sides (tveggja vegna) (adv) | vegna |
| twang (of a bowstring); yell, scream; bellow (v) | gjalla |
| twelfth (ord num) | tólfti |
| twelve (num) | tólf |
| twenty (num) | tiughu (‡) |
| twenty (num); tuttungundi - twentieth (ord num) | tuttugu |
| twice (adv) | tyswar (‡) |
| twig, branch (m) | kvistr |
| twilight (n) | røk(k)r |
| twist, step quickly (v) | snara |
| twist, wind; ríða knút - tie a knot (v) | ríða |
| twist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) | vinda |
| two (num) | tveir |
| two kinds (of two kinds), twofold | tvennr |
| twofold, of two kinds | tvennr |
| type, custom, manner, kind; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance | háttr |
| tyrannical, hard in counsel, ruthless (adj) | harðráðr |
| tyranny; overbearing (n) | of-ríki |
| Tyrfing (personal name) | Tyrfingr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| ugly (n) | ljótr |
| ugly, hideous | illi-ligr |
| ugly, mean-looking, ill-favored (adj) | vesal-ligr |
| unable to move, impassable (adj) | ó-fœrr |
| unafraid, without fear (adj) | óhræddr |
| unarmored, unprotected, mail-less, without mail (adj) | brynjulauss |
| unatoned, without compensation | ú-gildær (‡) |
| unaware; unwary; koma á óvart - take by surprise (adj) | óvarr |
| unbaptized (adj) | óskírðr |
| unbelief (f) | van-trō (‡) |
| unbelievable (adj) | ótrúligr |
| unbending, stiff, strong (adj) | stinnr |
| unborn | inoborna |
| unborn (while yet unborn) | ó-fȳdr (‡) |
| uncertain (adj) | óvíss |
| uncle, father's brother (m) | fǫðurbróðir |
| uncut, unshorn (adj) | óskorinn |
| undead man, ghost (m) | haugbúi |
| undead, zombie, (one who walks after death) (m) | aptrgǫngu-maðr |
| undecided, unsettled (adj) | ó-ráðinn |
| under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) | undan |
| under (prep) | und |
| under, below; in; beneath; up to; behind; eiga undir sér - have in one's power, be able to manage; niðr undir - down into (prep) | undir, undi (‡) |
| undergo, suffer; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| underground (n) | jarð-hús |
| underhand, false (adj) | undir-fǫrull |
| underling, dependent (m) | undir-maðr |
| undersized; insignificant (adj) | smá-skitligr |
| understand, perceive; see, gaze; know of; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) | sjá |
| understand; be certain of; be aware of; know; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up (v) | vita |
| understanding, difference of wits (m) | vizku-munr |
| understanding, intelligence, sense, wit, wits (n) | vit |
| undertake; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) | taka |
| undeserving (adj) | ómakligr |
| undismayed (adj) | ókviðinn |
| undoing, ruin; weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) | urðr |
| undone | ógǫrr |
| undress (v) | afklæða |
| unequally; hyggja misjafnt til - have doubts about | misjafnt |
| unexampled thing (n pl) | ó-dœmi |
| unfailing, reliable (adj) | ó-brigðr |
| unfair dealings (n pl) | ú-skæll (‡) |
| unfairness, injustice (m) | ójafnaðr |
| unfortunate, poor, unhappy; vile, wretched, wicked (adj) | armr |
| unfriendly, intimidating (adj) | óþýðr |
| unhappy, poor, unfortunate; vile, wretched, wicked (adj) | armr |
| unhindered (by pack horses); free; loose; unimpeded; free of obligation; unsteady (adj) | lauss |
| unhindered, free (adj) | frels |
| unhurt (adj) | ó-sakaðr |
| unhurt (adj) | ó-sárr |
| unimpeded; free; loose; free of obligation; unsteady; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) | lauss |
| uninformed, ignorant (adj) | óvitr |
| uniped, one-footed (m) | Ein-fœtingr |
| unit of distance between two resting stages (perhaps equivalent to the Old Scandinavian mile); usually between four and five English miles; league (f) | röst |
| universal | almenniligr |
| unjust, crooked; wrong, false (adj) | rangr |
| unjust, overbearing man (m) | ójafnaðar-maðr |
| unjust, unrighteous (adj) | ō-rætter (‡) |
| unknowingly )adv) | ú-witændhes (‡) |
| unknown (adj) | ókunnigr |
| unless; except, save, but (conj) | nema |
| unlike, unlike to, different from (adj) | ólíkr |
| unlikely (adj) | ør-vænn |
| unlikely (adj) | ó-vænligr |
| unlikely (adv) | ólíkligr |
| unmarried | kvánlauss |
| unmarried man of no fixed abode; vagrant; landloper (m) | ein-hleypingr |
| unmerciful, harsh (adj) | óvægr |
| unpleasant (adj) | fill |
| unpleasant, foul (adj) | fúll, full |
| unpredictable, fickle, capricious (adj) | margbreytinn |
| unproductive, barren (adj) | ó-frær |
| unprovided (adj) | ó-birgr |
| unreconciled, hostile (adj) | ó-sāter (‡) |
| unrighteous, unjust (adj) | ō-rætter (‡) |
| unrighteous, wrong | wrōngær (‡), wranger (‡) |
| unruly man (m) | óeirðarmaðr |
| unscathed, healthy, in health; hale; sound, safe; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| unsettled, undecided (adj) | ó-ráðinn |
| unsheathed (of a sword); naked, bare (adj) | berr |
| unsheltered; outside; out at sea (adv) | úti |
| unshorn, uncut (adj) | óskorinn |
| unsteady; free; loose; unimpeded; free of obligation; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) | lauss |
| unsuspecting; eigi er mér grunlaust - I suspect | grunlauss |
| unswerving; just, fair; right, correct, straight; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) | réttr |
| untamed, wild (adj) | ótambær (‡), ótam (f) (‡) |
| untie, loosen; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) | leysa |
| until (of time), to, up to the time; in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) | til |
| until; already; before; first (adv) | áðr |
| until; til þess unz - until (conj) | unz |
| untried; at ǫllu óreyndu - without looking into the matter at all (adj) | óreyndr |
| unwary (adj) | arr |
| unwary (adj) | óvandr |
| unwary; unaware; koma á óvart - take by surprise (adj) | óvarr |
| unwilling (adj) | ófúss |
| unwilling, against one's will | nauðigr, nauðugr |
| unwilling, reluctant (adj) | nauðugr |
| unwilling, reluctant (adj) | trauðr |
| unwise, foolish (adj) | ósnjallr |
| unwise, rash (adj) | óvitrligr |
| up (position); raised up; be at an end; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) | uppi |
| up to the time, (of time) until, to; in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until(prep) | til |
| up, upward (motion toward); upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) | upp |
| Uplands (place name) Norwegian highlands (n pl) | Upplönd |
| Uplands, of or pertaining to the Uplands (Norwegian highlands) (adj) | upplenzker |
| upon; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| upper part of the cheek (m) | vangi |
| upper, inner; latter; later; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) | efri |
| uppermost, highest | efstr |
| Uppsala (place name) (m pl) | Uppsalir |
| upset, throw into disorder; róta í sundr - knock apart (v) | róta (að) |
| upward (motion toward), up; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) | upp |
| Urd (personal name, mythological), Fate, that which should become, one of the three Norns (f) | Urðr |
| Urdarbrunn, the Well of Fate (m) | Urðarbrunnr |
| urge on (v) | áæggia |
| urge on, press, compel, force; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) | knyja, knýja |
| urge, encourage; (impers.) desire (v) | fýsa (t) |
| urge, encourage; desire; braut fýsir mik - I desire to depart, I am in haste to depart; fýsask í braut - be eager to go away (v) | fýsa, fysa |
| urge, incite, goad, egg on, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) | eggja (að) |
| urgent; bound, obliged; due; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; right; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) | skyldr |
| urgent; clear | brýnn |
| urging, egging on (f) | áeggjun |
| usage, custom (m) | vani |
| use as a support; rest; support; provide with supports; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) | styðja (dd), studdi |
| use; eat; avail; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) | nýta (tt) |
| used up; up (position); raised up; be at an end; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) | uppi |
| useful; engu nýtt - of no use (adj) | nýtr |
| useful; necessary (adj) | þarfr |
| useless; barren (adj) | gœðalauss |
| useless; ónýtt efni - evil plight; til ónýtts - so that it was useless (adj) | ó-nýtr |
| useless; unprofitable; good for nothing (adj) | ógagn-vænligr |
| using (as material); out of, from; of; from inside of; made of; with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) | ór |
| using; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| usual, frequent; happening; hvat er títt um þik? - what is the matter with you?; ti erum bók - I often occupy myself with books; sem tiðast - as fast as they could; aldrigh tīth (‡) - never (adj) | tíðr |
| usual; accustomed, wont; lacking; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) | vanr |
| usually, commonly (adv) | hversdagliga |
| Utgard, the Outer Enclosures, the home of the giants (place name) | Útgarðr |
| utter; speak, say, declare; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) | kveða |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| vagrant; unmarried man of no fixed abode; landloper (m) | ein-hleypingr |
| Valdres, a highland region in Norway (f) | Valdres |
| Valfothr, Father of the Slain, Odin | Valfǫðr |
| Valhalla, the Hall of the Slain (f) | Valhöll |
| valiantly, in manly wise (adv) | mann-liga |
| valkyrie, chooser of the slain (f) | val-kyrja |
| valley, dale, dell (m) | dalr |
| valor, courage (f) | hreysti |
| valuable (adj) | fémætr |
| valuables; money (m pl) | fémunir |
| value, evaluate, estimate, appraise; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) | virða |
| value, evaluate, estimate; set a price (v) | meta |
| value, honor, respect, reputation (f) | virðing |
| valued at; fine, worthy, great; of great value (adj) | gildr |
| Vanir, one of the two major groups of gods ( m pl) | Vanir |
| vapor, smoke (f) | gufa |
| Varangian, the name of the Norse warriors who served as bodyguards to the emperors of Constantinople in the Varangian Guard (m) | Væringi |
| various; í ýmis setin - from one set to another, i.e., away from each bed-space to the next | ymiss, ýmiss |
| vault (n) | hwalf (‡) |
| Vedrfolnir, the hawk which sits between the eyes of the eagle atop Yggdrasill (m) | Veðrfölnir |
| vegetation; grass; herb; pasture; plant (n) | gras |
| vehemence; heat (m) | ákafi |
| vehement, fierce (adj) | ákafr |
| vehement; frantic; furious; enraged; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) | ódr |
| vehemently, exceedingly, very, impetuously (adv) | ákafliga |
| vehicle; wagon (m) | vagn |
| Veig, Liquor | Veigr |
| vengeance (f) | hefnd |
| venture, risk, stake; cease (v) | hætta |
| venture; hit, hurt, dare; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) | bella |
| Verdandi (personal name, mythological) Becoming or Happening, one of the three Norns (f) | Verðandi |
| verdant, leaf-green (adj) | laufgrœnn |
| verse (short verse), ditty (m) | kviðlingr |
| verse forms or meters (list of either) (n) | háttatal |
| verse, stanza (f) | vísa |
| versed in magic; known; wise; honum var kunnigt í - he had knowledge of (adj) | kunnigr |
| very (adv) | vilgi |
| very angry (adj) | all-reiðr |
| very badly, very ill | stór-illa |
| very beautiful (adj) | allfriðr |
| very famous(adj) | allfrægr |
| very good | all-góðr |
| very great (adj) | allmikill |
| very ill, very badly | stór-illa |
| very little | raunar-lítit |
| very little (adj) | alllítill |
| very strong (adj) | all-sterkr |
| very well | all-vel |
| very wise, sagacious, wise (of a woman) (adj) | alsnotr |
| very, exceedingly, vehemently, impetuously (adv) | ákafliga |
| very, quite (adv) | stundar |
| very, sufficiently, overly; enough (adv) | œrit |
| very, too (adv) | til |
| very; all too (adv) | helzti |
| very; much (adv) | mjök, mjǫk |
| vespers, evensong (m) | kveldsǫngr |
| vessel, tub (n) | kar |
| vestibule of hall (n) | anddyri |
| vex (v) | réa |
| vex, grieve (v) | harma |
| victorious (adj) | sigrsæll |
| victory (m) | sigr (rs) |
| vigil (f) | vaka |
| vigorous, hardy (adj) | knáligr |
| vigorous, sturdy, brave (adj) | röskr |
| vigorously, hardily (adv) | knáliga |
| Vik region, Oslo fjord | Víkin |
| Vik, Bay (place name) (f) | Vík |
| Viking, pirate (m) | vikingr |
| Viking-Guard (coast guard against Vikings) (m) | víkingavörðr |
| Vikings, seafarers (m pl) | flotnar |
| vile, wretched, wicked; poor, unfortunate, unhappy; (adj) | armr |
| Vili (personal name) | Víli |
| Vindalf, Wind-elf | Vindálfr |
| violate, break (v) | brýtæ (‡) |
| violent, harmful (adj) | mein-samr |
| violent, severe (adj) | allharðr |
| virgin, maiden, maid, girl (f) | mær |
| virginity, maidenhood (m) | meydómr |
| Virvir (personal name) | Virvir |
| Visbur (personal name) (m) | Vísburr |
| vision; sight (f) | sýn, syn |
| visit, go to (a place); vera at vitr - be found (v) | vitja (að) |
| visit, resort to (v) | til-sȳkia (‡) |
| visit; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) | finna |
| Vit (personal name), Color | Vitr |
| Vogg (personal name) (m) | Vöggr |
| voice (f) | rǫdd |
| voice, mental faculties | óðr |
| voice; bearing, gestures, manner; noise (n pl) | læti |
| void, space (mighty space), abyss | ginnung |
| voyage, sailing, passage of a ship (f) | skipför |
| voyager to Hólmgarðr (m) | Hólmgarðsfari |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| wade; wade through (water), pass through; rush (at an opponent); vaða fram - charge onward (v) | vaða |
| wages; bargain; vera af kaupi - forfeit the reward (n) | kaup |
| wagon, cart (m) | waghn (‡) |
| wagon; vehicle (m) | vagn |
| wail, cry out (v) | veina |
| wail, groan (v) | ymja (umdi) |
| wait for, await, remain, abide; suffer, undergo (v) | biða (að) |
| wait in ambush, waylay; signify, amount to; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| wake (I wake); vek-k-a - I do not wake (v) | vek-k |
| wake, waken, awake; rouse; vekja upp - wake up (v) | vekja (vakti, vekte (‡)) |
| waken; rouse (v) | vakti |
| walk clumsily (v) | þœfa |
| walk, go (v) | hvarfa (að) |
| walk, go; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) | ganga |
| walk, go; tread; cram, pack; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) | troða |
| wall (m) | veggr, wægg (‡) |
| wall made of planks, wall of boards | borðveggr |
| wall of a sheepfold (m) | kvía-garðr |
| wall of boards, wall made of planks | borðveggr |
| wall of rock (n) | vegg-berg |
| wall of the hall (m) | skála-veggr |
| wall, partition (m) | bálkr |
| walls or foundations of a (former) building; homestead (f) | topt |
| wander about (as a shepherd with his sheep), roam (v) | flakka |
| wane, decrease, diminish, grow less (v) | þverra |
| waning of the moon (f) | niþ (‡) |
| want of luck (n) | hamingju-leysi |
| want, wish, will, be willing; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) | vilja |
| war on, make war (v) | stridha (dd) (‡) |
| war, battle (n) | strīth (‡), striith (‡) |
| war, hostility; strife (m) | ó-friðr |
| war, troop-slaying, battle (between armies) | fólcvíg |
| war-arrow (f) | herǫr |
| warden; guard, watch; coastguard, watchman (m) | vorðr, vörðr |
| warder, watcher (m) | varð-maðr |
| warder; hostage; bailiff (m) | gísl |
| wardrobe; treasury (n) | fata-búr (‡) |
| wares, trade goods, articles of trade (m) | kaupeyrir |
| warfare, harrying (m) | herskapr |
| warlike, daring, courageous, or bold man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) | garpr |
| warm (adj) | varmr |
| warn; varask við - avoid, shun (v) | vara |
| warning (f) | varnan |
| warning (m) | varnaðr |
| warning (m) | varnaðr |
| warning (n) | for-órth |
| warrior | jǫru-fægir |
| warrior (m) | hermaðr |
| warrior gods; gods of battle (m pl) | val-tivar |
| warrior, man (m) | rekkr |
| warrior, man of battle (m) | orrostumaðr |
| warrior, 'spear-ash' (m) | eski-askr |
| warrior, 'sword-Frey' (m) | sverð-Freyr |
| warrior; bold man, gallant fellow (m) | drengr |
| warrior; man; boy; hero (m) | seggr |
| warrior-king (m) | herknungr |
| warship | langskip |
| war-sling (f) | val-slǫngva |
| wary, careful (adj) | gætinn |
| wary; aware; var við - aware of; varr um sik - on one's guard; verð varr - become aware of, hear; varð ekki vart við þá - nothing was seen of them | varr |
| was (v) | var, war (‡) |
| was boiled (v) | søzs (‡) |
| was not (v) | vas-a |
| wash (v) | leyðra |
| wash (v) | þvá |
| waste away (v) | morna (að) |
| waste; spend; do away with, destroy; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) | eyða (dd) |
| watch over, guard, attend to, tend; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) | gæta (tt) |
| watch, guard; warden; coastguard, watchman (m) | vorðr, vörðr |
| watch, keep, preserve, defend (v) | varð-veita |
| watch; awake (be awake), stay awake (v) | vaka |
| watch; guard (v) | geyma |
| watch; guard against (v) | varða (að) |
| watcher, warder (m) | varð-maðr |
| watchman, coastguard; guard, watch; warden (m) | vorðr, vörðr |
| water, sea | logr |
| water; lake; waterway; river (n) | vatn, watn (‡) |
| water; pour; sprinkle; ladle; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) | ausa |
| waterfall (m) | fors |
| waterfall, force (m) | foss |
| waterway; water; lake; river (n) | vatn, watn (‡) |
| wattle partition or wall (m) | vand-bálkr |
| wave | uðr |
| wave (f) | unnr |
| wave, swing (v) | veifa |
| wave; bay, creek; sea (m) | vágr |
| wax, grow, grow big, increase; grown up; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) | vaxa |
| way (of going on), means of existence; resort, refuge | vera |
| way where men pass, road (m) | manna-vegr |
| way, journey; road, path; manner, fashion (f) | leið |
| way, path (m) | stígr |
| way, path, road (f) | gata |
| way, respect; place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) | staðr |
| way, road; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) | vegr, vægher (‡) |
| way; manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; character; á þess lund - in this manner (f) | lund |
| waylay, wait in ambush; signify, amount to; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) | sæta (tt) |
| we (pron) | vér, wī (‡) |
| we (pron) | wī (‡) |
| we (two) (pron) | vit |
| weak (adj) | órikr |
| weak (adj) | ósterkligr |
| weak; feeblehearted, 'without strength', pithless (adj) | þrótt-lauss |
| weaken (give way at the knees) (v) | kikna (að) |
| wealth (too great wealth) (f) | øf-rīkt (‡) |
| wealth, possessions (f) | auðœfi |
| wealth, treasure, riches; precious objects | auðr |
| wealth; cattle; sheep; money; possessions (n) | fé |
| wealthy man, great man, prominent man, man of power (m) | ríkismaðr |
| wealthy, rich; auðigr at fé - very wealthy (adj) | auðigr |
| weapon (n) | skóð |
| weapon (n) | vápn |
| weapon (steeled weapon); steel (n) | stál |
| weapon, iron (n) | jarn, járn |
| weapon dead, killed by weapons (adj) | vápndauðir |
| weaponless (adj) | vápnlauss |
| weapons (military) (n pl) | hervápn |
| wear; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) | hafa (ð) |
| wearer of necklace, lady (f) | menn-skurð (‡) |
| weariness, exhaustion (f) | mœði |
| weary, tired; fury, wrath (m) | móðr |
| weather; wind; storm (n) | veðr |
| weave (v) | vefa |
| weaving; web (in the loom); thrusting (of spears) (m) | vefr |
| web (in the loom); weaving; thrusting (of spears) (m) | vefr |
| wedding feast; wedding; ganga at brullaupi með - marry (n) | brullaup, bruð-laup |
| week; vika fyrr - a week earlier; (f) | vika |
| weep (v) | gráta |
| weep; sorrow; be disheartened (v) | syrgja (ð) |
| weigh; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a remain valid; place; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) | standa |
| weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) | urðr |
| welcome, rejoice at; glad (to be glad) (v) | fagna (að) |
| well; spring; burn (m) | brunnr |
| well; very; gladly, readily, easily; vel kominn - welcome; vel at sér - nobleminded, gifted, capable; vel flestir - almost any, nearly all; vel hvat - everything (adv) | vel |
| well-attended; crowded, in a large group, numerous; with many people (adj) | fjǫlmennr, fjölmennr |
| well-bred, accomplished (adj) | menntr |
| well-bred, courteous (adj) | kurteiss |
| well-disposed, reliable (adj) | tillagagoðr |
| well-informed (especially in history), wise, clever (adj) | fróðr |
| well-informed in good traditions | óljúg-fróðr |
| well-knit, well-prepared, staunch (adj) | harðsnúinn |
| well-known, famous (adj) | frægr |
| well-prepared, well-knit, staunch (adj) | harðsnúinn |
| welter; lie (v) | þrumði |
| were (v) | váru, vóro (‡) |
| were fighting; rēwo (‡) - tore (v) | rēuus (‡) |
| were not (v) | váru-t |
| wergeld, ransom or compensation for a dead otter, Otter's ransom (n pl) | otrgjöld |
| wergeld, ransom or compensation for a dead son (n pl) | sonargjöld |
| wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead brother (n pl) | bróðurgjöld |
| wergild, the legal value of a man's life (m) | wereidi (‡) |
| wergild; tribute; payment; reward; tax; compensation (n) | gjald |
| West | Vestri |
| west (of); western; from the west; bearing to the west; fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) | vestan |
| west (the west) (f) | vestr-ætt |
| west (the west) (n); westward (adv); fyrir vestan - westward; vestr um haf - west over the ocean (to Britain); vestan at ánni - on the west side of the river | vestr |
| west, i.e., towards the British Isles and beyond, lit the western ways (m pl) | vestrvegir |
| western (adj) | vestrœnn |
| western; from the west; west (of); bearing to the west; fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) | vestan |
| Westlands, the British Isles and France (n pl) | Vestrlönd |
| westward (adv) | vestr |
| wet (adj) | vaather (‡) |
| wet (adj) | vátr |
| wet (to wet), stain (v) | væta (tt) |
| wether, gelded sheep (m) | geldingr |
| whale (large baleen whale), rorqual (f) | reyðr |
| whale (m) | hvalnum |
| whale (m) | hvalr |
| whale-rib (n) | hvalrif |
| what is said, saga, legend; story; history; saga til - a story about (f) | saga |
| what; vel hvat - everything; hvat sem - whatever (pron) | hvat |
| what; who, which?; each, every, all; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) | hverr |
| whatsoever | hvatki |
| wheat-field (m) | hveitiakr |
| when (conj) | þá er |
| when, if; but, and; than; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) | en |
| when; near, nearer, nearly, close to, close by, closely; næst - nearer, next; því næst - thereupon, next; þessu næst - after this; þat er nú þessu næst at - the next event to be told is that (adv) | nær |
| when; who, which, that; where; as; redundant; is (conj) | er |
| when; who; which; as; as if, that; while; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| whence, from where, from everywhere (adv) | hvaðan |
| where (to where), whither; hvert er - whithersoever (adv) | hvert |
| where; everywhere; hvar sem - wherever (adv) | hvar |
| where; who, which, that; when; as; redundant; is (conj) | er |
| where; who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| whet, incite, goad, egg on, urge; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) | eggja (að) |
| whet, sharpen; encourage (v) | hvetja |
| whether; (introduces direct question); however; hvart er - can it be? (adv) | hvárt |
| whether; if; (to see) if; lest (conj) | ef |
| whoever; he who (pron) | hwilkæn (‡) |
| whey (sour whey) (f) | sýra |
| which, who, that; when; where; as; redundant; is (conj) | er |
| which; who; as; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| which?, who; what; each, every, all; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) | hverr |
| while (a while), a time; time; period of time; hour; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) | stund |
| while, as long as, whilst; in the meantime (adv) | meðan |
| while, time; storm; attack, battle; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) | hríð |
| while; who; which; as; as if, that; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| whilst, while, as long as; in the meantime (adv) | meðan |
| whir, din, thunder, resound, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) | dynja |
| whir; resound (v) | dunði |
| whisker (n) | granahár |
| whisper (v) | kvisa (að) |
| whistle (of wings), din, thunder, resound, whir, whizz; pour, shower (v) | dynja |
| white (arctic) fox (m) | mel-rakki |
| white fair | bleikr |
| white membrane of an egg (n) | skjall |
| white, shining (adj) | hvítr |
| whither, to where; hvert er - whithersoever (adv) | hvert |
| whizz; din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings); pour, shower (v) | dynja |
| who (pron) | ær (‡) |
| who, that | thær (‡) |
| who, which, that; when; where; as; redundant; is (conj) | er |
| who, which?; what; each, every, all; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) | hverr |
| who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) | sem |
| whoever, he who (pron) | sá er |
| whole length of (adj) | endlangr |
| whole night long (adv) | nátt-langt |
| whole, complete; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) | heill |
| wholesome counsel (n) | heil-ræði |
| whom (to whom) | hwæim (‡) |
| whom (to whom, for whom) (pron) | hveim |
| whoredom, adultery (m) | hórdómr |
| why? (adv) | hví |
| wicked, vile, wretched; poor, unfortunate, unhappy (adj) | armr |
| wicker house (n) | vandalhús |
| wicker-work shield or barrier (m) | flaki |
| wide (adj) | víðr |
| widely, far and wide, in many places; extensively (adv) | víða |
| widely-known, famous (adj) | víðfrægr |
| widow (f) | ekkja |
| wield; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) | stýra (ð) |
| wife (f) | cuna (‡) |
| wife (f) | kván |
| wife (f) | vorð, vǫrð |
| wife (house wife) (f) | hūs-frūghæ (‡) |
| wife, woman (n) | víf |
| wife; bride, young married woman (f) | brúðr |
| wife; woman (f) | kona |
| wild beast; animal; deer (n) | dýr |
| wild, erring, astray; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed | villr |
| wild, untamed (adj) | ótambær (‡), ótam (f) (‡) |
| wilderness | ó-bygð |
| wild-fire, flame (m) | villi-eldr |
| will be; will, shall; be sure to; be about to; would, must (probability); might (v) | munu |
| will not | mun-a, mun-at |
| will, desire, disposition (m) | vili |
| will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) | munu |
| will, want, wish, be willing; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) | vilja |
| William (personal name); Vilhjálmr bastarðr - William the Conqueror, illegitimate son of Robert Longsword (m) | Vilhjálmr |
| willing (adj) | lostigr |
| willing, eager (adj) | gjarn |
| willing, eager; eager for (adj) | fuss, fúss |
| willingly (adv) | gjarna, gjarnan |
| win over; explain, interpret, interpret as; signify; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) | þýða (dd) |
| win, earn (v) | ǫðlask, öðlask |
| win, gain; work; perform, do, accomplish; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| win; overcome; gain the victory (v) | sigra |
| wind about; throw, fling (v) | slyngva, slungnir |
| wind from the north (n) | norðan-veðr |
| wind, air (m) | vindr |
| wind, hoist; twist, wring, squeeze; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) | vinda |
| wind, twist; ríða knút - tie a knot (v) | ríða |
| wind; weather; storm (n) | veðr |
| windlass, 'winding pole' (ship/sailing term) (m) | vind-áss |
| window (f) | gluggr |
| wine [from Lat. vinum] (n) | vín |
| wing (m) | vængr |
| wink, sidelong glance | augabragð |
| winter day (day of winter) (m) | vetrar-dagr |
| winter; í vetr - last winter; um vetrinn - for the winter (m) | vetr (rar) |
| wipe, stroke, rub; caress; smooth, brush (v) | strjúka |
| wisdom; branch of learning, body of knowledge (f) | speki |
| wisdom; peace (f) | spekð |
| wise (of a woman), very wise, sagacious (adj) | alsnotr |
| wise (very wise), wise in many ways | marg-spakr |
| wise in counsel (adj) | raðsnjallr |
| wise in season | happ-fróðr |
| wise, certain; known; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) | víss |
| wise, clever (adj) | snotr (ran) |
| wise, clever, well-informed (especially in history) (adj) | fróðr |
| wise, intelligent (adj) | vitr (ran) |
| wise, learned; quiet (adj) | spakr |
| wise, sensible (adj) | horskr |
| wise; known; versed in magic; honum var kunnigt í - he had knowledge of (adj) | kunnigr |
| wise; swift (adj) | svinnr |
| wish, want, will, be willing; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) | vilja |
| wit, wits, intelligence, sense, understanding (n) | vit |
| witch (skin-changing witch) (f) | ham-hleypa |
| witch, 'she who dwells in the wood', giantess | íviðia |
| witch, sorceress, soothsayer; prophetess, seeress (f) | vǫlva, völva |
| with dignity, courteously (adv) | kurteisliga |
| with many men | marg-mennr |
| with respect to; onto, on; to, towards; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) | á |
| with roving eyes (adv) | laus-eygr |
| with the material of; out of, from; of; from inside of; made of; using (as material); vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) | ór |
| white headdress (with white headdress) | hvít-faldinn |
| with; by, near; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) | hjá |
| with; from, out of; concerning; because of (prep) | af |
| with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) | með |
| within the house; within, inside; in-doors (adv) | inni |
| within the land, at home (as opposed to abroad) (adv) | innanlands |
| within, in; at (position); during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) | í |
| within, inside; in-doors; within the house (adv) | inni |
| within; in, into (motion toward) (adv) | inn |
| within; into (prep) | innan |
| without (prep) | án |
| without compensation, unatoned | ú-gildær (‡) |
| without crying out (adv) | ó-œpandi |
| without effect, purposeless, lit errand-less (adj) | ørendislauss |
| without fear | ótta-lauss |
| without fear, unafraid (adj) | óhræddr |
| without feathers, featherless (adj) | fjaðralauss |
| without flaw in procedure | miskviða-laust |
| without flaw, correct (adj) | rétt-ligr |
| without injury (adv) | klakk-laust |
| without mail, mail-less, unarmored, unprotected (adj) | brynjulauss |
| without punishment (adv) | refsinga-laust |
| without purpose, in vain, for nothing; fara ørendislaust - go in vain, without a purpose or reason (adv) | ørendislaust |
| without truce | griða-lauss |
| without; outside (of); externally; beyond; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡) - beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) | útan |
| witless, having little good sense (adj) | vit-lítill |
| witness (m) | váttr |
| witness (n) | vitni |
| witness summons, calling of witnesses (f) | vátt-nefna |
| wives, women (f pl) | kvenna |
| wolf | Gjalpar skær |
| wolf (m) | freki |
| wolf (m) | ulfr, úlf, ulv (‡) |
| wolf (m) | vargr |
| wolf; carrion beast (n) | valdr, val-dýr |
| wolf-age (f) | varg-ǫld |
| woman | fljóð |
| woman, wife (n) | víf |
| woman; wife (f) | kona |
| womanish, cowardly, effeminate, (passively) homosexual (adj) | argr |
| woman's cloak (f) | kvenn-skikkja |
| women (n) | kvennalið |
| women, wives (f pl) | kvenna |
| women's clothing (f pl) | kvennváðir |
| wonder at, be astonished (at); marvel at, be amazed at (v) | undrask (að) |
| wonders (great wonders); mystery, sacrament; notable thing (n pl) | stórmerki |
| wondrous thing, marvel (n) | undr |
| wondrous, strange (adj) | kyn-ligr |
| wondrous, strange (adj) | undar-ligr |
| wondrously, strangely (adv) | undar-liga |
| wood (a type of wood) (m) | búss |
| wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; ski; snow-skate; stick; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) | skíð |
| wood (summer wood) (i.e. wood collected in summer for charcoal as opposed to wood for heating purposes in winter) (m) | sumar-viðr |
| wood, forest (m) | skógr |
| wood, forest; well-wooded land (m) | skóg-land |
| wood, woodland, forest; rough, stony hill or ridge (n) | holt |
| wood; tree; beam; forest; timber (m) | viðr |
| wood; tree; log, beam (n) | tré |
| wood-cutter (nickname) (f) | tré-telgja |
| wooden beam; log, plank, piece of wood; base of an anvil (m) | stokkr |
| wooden plank dividing up or marking the edge of the set; beam (the partition beam from a hall) (m) | setstokkar |
| wooden pole or beam (for drying the washing) (m) | vað-áss |
| wooden staff, stick; pole, timber; crozier (m) | stafr |
| wooden tablet or stave; wood (block of wood); one of the boards forming a door frame; ski; snow-skate; stick; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) | skíð |
| woodland, wood, forest; rough, stony hill or ridge (n) | holt |
| wood-pile; pile of wood (m) | viðar-kǫstr |
| wool (f) | ull |
| word of praise (n) | lofs-orð |
| word; speech; conversation; message; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) | orð |
| wordless (of few words) | fá-máligr, fá-málugr |
| words of envy, slander (n pl) | öfundarorð |
| words or sounds of despair; fear; despair, despondency (f) | æðra |
| words, spell, tiding (n); tale (pl) | spiall |
| work (m) | verknaðr |
| work (v) | starfa |
| work (v) | starfa (að) |
| work, do, perform (v) | orka |
| work, do; help, assist; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) | týja |
| work, esp cultivate; compose (verses); yrka á - set about; attack one another; yrkisk á um - it begins (v) | yrkja |
| work, occupation (f) | iðn |
| work, task (f) | iðja |
| work, trouble (n) | starf |
| work; business (f) | sýsla |
| work; deed (n) | verk |
| work; win, gain; perform, do, accomplish; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) | vinna |
| workbuilding (f) | smíð |
| work-horses, team of work-horses (n pl) | øk (‡) |
| world (f) | ver-ǫld, ver-öld |
| world, earth (f) | fold |
| world, earth; ground, soil; land (f) | jörð, jǫrð |
| world, earth; region; heima í millim, í milli heims ok heljar - between life and death (m) | heimr |
| worm, snake, serpent; eitr ormr - poisonous serpent (m) | ormr |
| worried, distressed, anxious (adj) | hugsjúkr |
| worse (adv) | verr |
| worse; hit verra - the worst course, evil (adj) | verri |
| worship; worship with sacrifice; sacrifice, sacrifice in worship; curse (v) | blóta |
| worshipful, noble, distingished (adj) | göfugr |
| worst (adj) | verstr, værster (‡) |
| worst; sem verst - as bad as it can be; as bad as possible (adv) | verst |
| worth relating | frásagnarverðr |
| worth, fitting; deserving, worthy of; fitting; minna vert - less wonderful; þótti mikils um vert um þetta verk - it seemed a deed of great account (adj) | verðr |
| worth; price (n) | verð |
| worthily, meritoriously (adv) | hēdher-līca (‡) |
| worthless wretch (m) | auvirði |
| worthless wretch (m) | auvirðis-maðr |
| worthy, fine, great; of great value; valued at (adj) | gildr |
| would, must (probability); will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; might (v) | munu |
| wound (f) | und |
| wound (mortal) (f) | ben |
| wound (n) | sár, saar (‡) |
| wound (v) | særa |
| wound (v) | sārga (aþ) (‡) |
| wound (v) | sœra (ð) |
| wound in a vital part (n) | hol-sár |
| wound (spor Dags hriðar - wound); track, trail, footprint; step, foothold (n) | spor |
| wounded; painful, sore (adj) | sárr |
| wound-engraver (m) | bengrefill |
| wrap, encircle; sweep; swing (v) | sveipa (ð, að) |
| wrap, entangle (v) | vefja |
| wrath, anger; af reiði - in anger, out of anger (f) | reiði |
| wrath, fury; weary, tired (m) | móðr |
| wreck (ship/sailing term) (n) | skipflak |
| wreck, driftage, a thing drifted ashore; jetsam (m) | reki |
| wreck; drive, herd; drive onto shore; avenge, take vengeance for; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) | reka, vrækæ (‡) |
| wreckage or pieces of (Greenland) canoes (n) | keipla-brot |
| wrestle; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v) | fá |
| wrestling (f) | glíma |
| wrestling, contest; grasp, catch, hold; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) | fang |
| wretched, ill-favored (adj) | ó-sælligr |
| wretched, needy; poor (adj) | válaðr |
| wretched, pathetic, miserable; (exclamation of impatience) (adj) | vesall |
| wretched, poor (adj) | fátœkr |
| wretched, shameful, bitter, harsh (adj) | herfiligr |
| wretched, vile, wicked; poor, unfortunate, unhappy (adj) | armr |
| wring, twist, squeeze; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) | vinda |
| write (v) | skrīuæ (‡) |
| write, compose; make, build; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) | gøra |
| write; scratch, cut; cut runes (v) | ríta |
| write; scrifwaz (‡) - it is written (v) | skrifa (að) |
| wrong, unrighteous | wrōngær (‡), wranger (‡) |
| wrong; crooked, unjust; false (adj) | rangr |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| yank, pull violently (v) | hnykkja (ð, t) |
| yard (ship/sailing term) | siglura |
| yard, enclosed space; farmyard, enclosure; court; fence; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) | garðr |
| yawn, gape (v) | gína |
| year; (good) season (n) | ár |
| yell, howl (v) | ýla, yla |
| yell, scream; bellow; twang (of a bowstring) (v) | gjalla |
| yeller, screamer | gellir |
| yellow-beaked (adj) | nef-fǫlr |
| yeoman army (n) | bónda-lið |
| yeoman, franklin; husband; farmer; head of a household (m) | bóndi |
| yes | já |
| yet not (adv) | þeygi |
| yet, and yet; however, nevertheless; þo at, þótt - though, even if (adv) | þó |
| yet; still; also; further; again; moreover; even (adv) | enn |
| Yggdrasil, name of the World Tree (m) | Yggdrasill |
| yield, concede; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) | láta |
| yield, pay; give, grant; help; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) | veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡) |
| yield, sink (ship/sailing term) (v) | siga (að) |
| yield; sink gently down; glide, move slowly (v) | síga |
| Ymir (personal name), a giant (m) | Ymir |
| Yngvi (personal name) | Yngvi |
| you (pron pl) | þér |
| you (pron) | ér |
| you (pron) | ī (‡) |
| you (pron) | yðr |
| you (pron) | ykkr |
| you are, thou art | þú'st, þú est |
| you two (pron) | it |
| you, thou (pron) | þú |
| you; you two (pron) | þit |
| young (adj) | ungr |
| your, of you (pl pron) | yð(v)arr |
| your, of you two (adj) | ykkarr |
| your; thy, thine, of you (pron) | þinn |
| youth (f) | œska |
| youth (n) | ung-menni |
| Yule, midwinter heathen feast, later applied to Christmas (n pl) | jól |
| English --- Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z | Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ |
| Zealand, Sjælland in modern Danish (place name) (n) | Sjáland |
| Zoe, Empress Zoe the Great, c. 978 – 1050 AD, Byzantine Empress (f) | Zóe dróttning in ríka |
| zombie, undead, (one who walks after death) (m) | aptrgǫngu-maðr |
Sources
©
For information contact Jack Garrett at
info@vikingsofbjornstad.com
- A. Richard Diebold Center for Indo-European Language and Culture, Linguistics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Old Norse Online Base Form Dictionary, Jonathan Slocum and Todd B. Krause, http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/eieol/norol-BF.html
- E.V. Gordon, An Introduction to Old Norse, Oxford University Press; 2 edition (July 23, 1981), ISBN 9780198111849
- Jesse L. Byock, Viking Language 1, Jules William Press, © 2013, ISBN 9781480216440
- Ross G. Arthur, English-Old Norse Dictionary, www.yorku.ca/inpar/language/English-Old_Norse.pdf
- Jackson Crawford, YouTube Old Norse lecture series, Instructor of Nordic Studies and Nordic Program Coordinator, University of Colorado, Boulder
- Judith Jesch, Women and Ships in the Viking World, Northern Studies 36 (2001)
- Regia Anglorum: Mik Lawson: miklawson@yahoo.co.uk, http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/8/sayers.html
- The Society for Creative Anachronism: http://www.housebarra.com/EP/ep04/12norsecurse.html
- https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/professions/education/knowledge-of-sailing/the-ships-crew/crewmembers-in-the-viking-age/barber-surgeon
©
For information contact Jack Garrett at
info@vikingsofbjornstad.com